scholarly journals Compost of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste as a Fuel in Lignite Co-combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Agapi Vasileiadou ◽  
Stamatis Zoras ◽  
Argyro Dimoudi ◽  
Andreas Iordanidis ◽  
Vasilios Evagelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Proximate Analyses

In Greece, 5.8 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are produced annually, of which 2.47 million tons are bio-wastes. Composting is an alternative treatment of bio-wastes instead of landfill.  Τwo composting plants operate in Greece, one in Ano Liossia (capacity 1,200 tons/day, producing 120 tpd compost) and another in Chania (capacity 70,000 tons/year, producing 20,000 tpa compost). In addition, since 2018, the first integrated waste management plant was set off in the region of Kozani (capacity 120,000 tons/year). An alternative utilization of the compost, produced in the latter plant, was investigated in this study. In particular, instead of using compost as fertilizer, the energy recovery from this bio-waste was attested. Utilization of compost of MSW for energy production purposes has rarely been studied in the literature. Several blends of compost with lignite were prepared and their energetic potential was determined. Proximate analyses and gross calorific value (GCV) determination were conducted. Wastes and biomass-based fuels differ in many ways from fossil fuels. The CLOF sample revealed the highest GCV and the lowest ash content than all analyzed samples. Based on all analytical determinations, compost and its mixtures with lignite could be regarded suitable for energy recovery by thermal processes, such us combustion. Further studies should be done including emission analysis, ash deposition during combustion (corrosion, slagging and fouling).

scholarly journals Jatropha curcas – Analysis of Gross Calorific Value

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Ružbarský ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Jan Mareček ◽  
Milan Geršl
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Pressing Process

In recent years biofuels have obtained a considerable interest, due to the implementation of ruling and gradual replacement of fossil fuels. One of production steps at gaining the oil is a pressing process. Wastes come into being from this process. These wastes are used as feed, fertilizer prospectively as fuel. A contemporary scientific literature pays attention namely to one of prospective produces which is a produce of the tropical and subtropical zones Jatropa curcas. Tests were performed at Jatropha Curcas seeds of a brown colour (that means gnaw). The aim of a research is an analysis of Jatropa curcas seed from the utilization point of view of the gross calorific value. The basic instrument to evaluate the gross calorific value of each variant of the experiment was a calorimeter PARR 6200 and digital scales for accurate laboratory weighing.

scholarly journals Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Ciuła ◽  
Krzysztof Gaska ◽  
Agnieszka Generowicz ◽  
Gabriela Hajduga
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the production of Hidrogen by fermentative processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Liliane Poleto ◽  
Flaviane Eva Magrini ◽  
Lademir Luiz Beal ◽  
Suelen Osmarina Paesi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Social Environmental

<p><strong>Abstract - </strong>Growing concern about finding suitable replacements for fossil fuels has encouraged the search for new clean energy production processes. Hydrogen has been highlighted as an ideal form of energy because this molecule does not contribute to the greenhouse effect and it possesses a high calorific value. The microbiological production of this gas is a process that can become sustainable from social, environmental and economic points of view once the microorganisms isolated from the environment can use agro-industrial wastes as substrate. Various microorganisms are described in the literature as producers of hydrogen from several types of substrates, especially species from the genera <em>Clostridium </em>and <em>Enterobacter</em>. However, various scientific factors and fermentation operating conditions that will steer the metabolic pathway to the production of hydrogen should be analyzed. The objective of this work is to contribute to the state of the art by reviewing recent studies involving the microbiological production of hydrogen and the main aspects involved in biotechnological process.</p>

scholarly journals Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Demko ◽  
Ján Machava ◽  
Miroslav Saniga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
The Common

AbstractSlovakia is acountry with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g−1d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha−1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg−1of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg−1(52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.

scholarly journals Analyses of Bio-Energy Properties from Malaysian Local Plants: Sentang and Sesendok

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
Rafidah Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Very High ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Various types of plants with several energy analysis methods have been experimented to produce bio-energy. In this study, two Malaysian local plants Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) and Sesendok (Endospermum malaccense) have been used to determine their capability of bio-energy production. Our study focused on the analyses of bio-energy properties by using proximate analysis method separating moisture content (%), volatile matter (%), ash content (%), fixed carbon (%) and calorific value (MJ/kg) from Sentang and Sesendok. Proximate analyses of these plants proved lengthy flammability, very high amount of ignition, heat generation, net energy and negligible pollution effect. The calorific values for Sentang and Sesendok are 16.84 MJ/kg and 16.95 MJ/kg respectively. As Malaysia is tropical country mapping a large area of land with an evergreen plantation, so both trees Sentang and Sesendok species would be the efficient sources of bio-energy production.

scholarly journals Influence of storage time on the quality of biomass for energy production in humid subtropical regions

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
Waldir Ferreira Quirino ◽  
José Otávio Brito
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Pinus Spp

This work aims to determine an optimal storage time of forest biomass for use in energy production, through analysis of variations in physical and chemical properties of with bark timber over the storage period. The study was conducted in the municipality of Lages, SC, over a span of 18 months. The experiment used with bark logs of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus dunnii, with varying diameters, and slabs of Pinus spp., stored in piles. The material was sampled freshly harvested (control), after two, after four and after six months of storage. Four lots were used, harvested and stored at the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. Properties being assessed included moisture content (wet basis), gross calorific value, net calorific value and ash content. Results demonstrated that storage time influenced moisture content and net calorific value, yet it had no influence on gross calorific value and ash content. Optimal storage time ranged from two to four months, depending on the species, form of biomass and storage season. The best behavior regarding quality after storage was from Pinus slabs, followed by Eucalyptus logs and Pinus logs, the latter showing the worst behavior.

USE OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND CANDEIA WASTE FOR SOLID BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sielawa Brasil ◽  
Mariana Provedel Martins ◽  
Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Efficient Alternative

AbstractThe use of agroforestry residues as an energy source acts as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels like petroleum and coal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy recovery of candeia sawdust and sugarcane bagasse wastes in the preparation of blends for the production of briquettes. Residues characterization took place by their size classification, proximate analysis and calorific value. Six treatments were applied: T1 (100% cane bagasse), T2 (90% cane bagasse + 10% candeia), T3 (75% cane bagasse + 25% candeia), T4 (50% cane bagasse + 50% candeia), T5 (25% cane bagasse + 75% candeia) and T6 (100% candeia sawdust). Briquettes were assessed by their density, dimensional stability and mechanical strength. It was observed that the higher the proportion of candeia sawdust in the treatment, the lower the volumetric expansion of the briquettes and the larger their mechanical strength. Results indicated that the mixture of sugarcane bagasse and candeia sawdust wastes in the blends was an efficient alternative to overcome the problems related to the high hygroscopicity and low durability of briquettes made using only sugarcane bagasse, thus allowing production of stable and resistant briquettes in all the studied treatments.Keywords: Biofuel; biomass; wastes; briquettes. ResumoAproveitamento de resíduos de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e candeia para a produção de biocombustíveis sólidos. A utilização de resíduos agroflorestais como fonte de energia funciona como uma alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis convencionais como o petróleo e o carvão mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento energético dos resíduos de serragem de candeia e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na confecção de blendas para produção de briquetes. Os resíduos foram caracterizados a partir de sua classificação granulométrica, análise imediata e poder calorífico. Foram realizados seis tratamentos: T1 (100% bagaço de cana), T2 (90% bagaço de cana + 10% candeia), T3 (75% bagaço de cana + 25% candeia), T4 (50% bagaço de cana + 50% candeia), T5 (25% bagaço de cana + 75% candeia) e T6 (100% serragem de candeia). Os briquetes foram avaliados quanto a sua densidade, estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica. Observou-se que quanto maior a proporção de serragem de candeia nos tratamentos, menor foi a expansão volumétrica dos briquetes e maior foi a sua resistência mecânica. Os resultados indicaram que o uso das blendas foi uma alternativa eficiente para contornar os problemas relacionados à alta higroscopicidade e à baixa durabilidade dos briquetes confeccionados apenas com o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, permitindo assim a obtenção de briquetes estáveis e resistentes para todos os tratamentos testados.Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; biomassa; resíduos; briquetes.

Parameters Influencing the Utilization of Composts for Energy Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Raclavsky ◽  
Ondrej Zajonc ◽  
Lucia Kovalova ◽  
Radim Kovarik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
The Czech Republic

Ten composts produced by composting plants in the Moravosilesian Region (the Czech Republic) were studied from the point of view of their possible utilization for energy production. The parameters relevant for this possible application of low-quality composts were determined: elemental composition (C,H,O,N,S), volatile combustibles, fixed carbon, ash, gross calorific value, moisture, water leachable potassium and chlorine, alkali index, C/N.

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