scholarly journals Factors influencing the production of Hidrogen by fermentative processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Liliane Poleto ◽  
Flaviane Eva Magrini ◽  
Lademir Luiz Beal ◽  
Suelen Osmarina Paesi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Social Environmental

<p><strong>Abstract - </strong>Growing concern about finding suitable replacements for fossil fuels has encouraged the search for new clean energy production processes. Hydrogen has been highlighted as an ideal form of energy because this molecule does not contribute to the greenhouse effect and it possesses a high calorific value. The microbiological production of this gas is a process that can become sustainable from social, environmental and economic points of view once the microorganisms isolated from the environment can use agro-industrial wastes as substrate. Various microorganisms are described in the literature as producers of hydrogen from several types of substrates, especially species from the genera <em>Clostridium </em>and <em>Enterobacter</em>. However, various scientific factors and fermentation operating conditions that will steer the metabolic pathway to the production of hydrogen should be analyzed. The objective of this work is to contribute to the state of the art by reviewing recent studies involving the microbiological production of hydrogen and the main aspects involved in biotechnological process.</p>

scholarly journals Test campaign of a ducted wind turbine in real operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Enrico Valditerra ◽  
Massimo Rivarolo ◽  
Aristide F. Massardo ◽  
Marco Gualco
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

Wind turbine installation worldwide has increased at unrested pace, as it represents a 100% clean energy with zero CO2 and pollutant emissions. However, visual and acoustic impact of wind turbines is still a drawback, in particular in urban areas. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of an innovative horizontal axis ducted wind turbine, installed in the harbour of Genova (Italy) in 2018: the turbine was designed in order to minimize visual and acoustic impacts and maximize electrical energy production, also during low wind speed periods. The preliminary study and experimental analyses, performed by the authors in a previous study, showed promising results in terms of energy production, compared to a traditional generator ( factor >2.5 on power output). In the present paper, the test campaign on a scaled-up prototype, installed in the urban area of Genova, is performed, with a twofold objective: (i) comparison of the ducted innovative turbine with a standard one, in order to verify the increase in energy production; (ii) analysis of the innovative turbine for different wind speeds and directions, evaluating the influence of ambient conditions on performance. Finally, based on the obtained results, an improved setup is proposed for the ducted wind turbine, in order to further increase energy production mitigating its visual impact.

scholarly journals A Relational Conceptual Model in GIS for the Management of Photovoltaic Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Piccinini ◽  
Roberto Pierdicca ◽  
Eva Savina Malinverni
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
International Investments ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Points Of View

The aim of this manuscript is to define an operational pipeline of work, from data acquisition to the report creation, for the smart management of PV plants. To achieve such an ambitious result, we exploit the implementation of a conceptual model, deployed through a relational database to retrieve any kind of information related to the PV plant. The motivation that drove this research is due to the increasing construction of PV plants. In fact, following European and international investments that heavily stimulated the use of clean energy, the need to maintain PV plants in their maximum efficiency for their whole lifecycle emerged, to bring about benefits from both the ecological and the economic points of view. While the research community focuses on finding new and automatic ways to detect faults automatically, few efforts have been made considering the so-called Operation and Maintenance (O&M). A relational conceptual model may facilitate the management of heterogeneous sources of information, which are common in complex PV plants. The purpose of the present study is to provide companies and insiders with a GIS-based tool to maintain the energy efficiency of a PV plant. Indeed, it is a common practice used by companies dealing with O&M of PV plants to create technical reports about the health status of the plants. This operation, made manually, is very time consuming and error prone. To overcome this latter drawback, this work attempts to encourage the use of GIS in the PV plants O&M, which proves to be efficient to deal with fault management and to assure a good level of energy production. The developed conceptual model, tested on two real case studies, proved to be complete, cost-effective and efficient to be replicated in other existing plants.

Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts of Adopting Clean Energy Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Razi ◽  
Yousaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Alternative Solutions

These days, the excessive industrialization, elevated levels of pollution, and the increased energy crisis has led nations towards the use of renewable energy sources. Through the use of renewable energy sources, global warming can also be decreased, which is currently the biggest environmental issue worldwide. Pakistan, being a developing country, relies on the use of fossil fuels for the generation of electricity. The alarming increase in population, energy consumption per capita and energy wastages lead to a shortfall. To resolve this crucial issue, the alternative solutions considered include the use of renewable sources of energy such as hydro, solar and wind. The use of these renewable energy sources is governed by various environmental, economic and social parameters. The influence of these parameters on the use of renewable energy sources is studied through the use of DEMATEL and revised DEMATEL techniques.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

scholarly journals University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan‘s Responsibility for SDG‘s and World Complex Challenges Pertaining to its Innovation for Energy and Climate Change Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaria Qais Joiya ◽  
Qais Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Climate Change Management ◽  
The One

One of the important essentials of modern living is energy without which modern world cannot survive and therefore depends deeply on energy usages and energy abusage. What is important to be seen is that more than 7.8 billion people on this planet are burning fossil fuels for their daily needs. Therefore, the challenge for the 21st century is how to conserve this ‘good’ energy and how to reduce its transformation into ‘bad’ energy and at the same time enjoy a sustainable lifestyle through modern inventions of science and technology. The problems facing University of Central Punjab, Lahore (UCP) is on the one hand how to minimise the usage of energy resources and secondly, how to move away from using fosil feuls and toward usage of eco-friendly energy sources for achieving sustainability and abiding by the Goal 7 of the SDG (Affordable and Clean Energy). Keeping sustainable development and energy conservation issues in mind, UCP has already in collaboration with M/S Premier Energy embarked upon the renewable solar energy solutions and 1/4th of the total energy consumption of UCP is being produced through state-of-the-art grid-tired solar system. UCP also promotes the sagacious use of water. In UCP, processor treat sewage water. In addition, UCP promotes the use of filtered drinking Processor treat sewage water. Promote the use of filtered water instead of bottled water.

scholarly journals Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Ciuła ◽  
Krzysztof Gaska ◽  
Agnieszka Generowicz ◽  
Gabriela Hajduga
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.

scholarly journals Compost of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste as a Fuel in Lignite Co-combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Agapi Vasileiadou ◽  
Stamatis Zoras ◽  
Argyro Dimoudi ◽  
Andreas Iordanidis ◽  
Vasilios Evagelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Proximate Analyses

In Greece, 5.8 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are produced annually, of which 2.47 million tons are bio-wastes. Composting is an alternative treatment of bio-wastes instead of landfill.  Τwo composting plants operate in Greece, one in Ano Liossia (capacity 1,200 tons/day, producing 120 tpd compost) and another in Chania (capacity 70,000 tons/year, producing 20,000 tpa compost). In addition, since 2018, the first integrated waste management plant was set off in the region of Kozani (capacity 120,000 tons/year). An alternative utilization of the compost, produced in the latter plant, was investigated in this study. In particular, instead of using compost as fertilizer, the energy recovery from this bio-waste was attested. Utilization of compost of MSW for energy production purposes has rarely been studied in the literature. Several blends of compost with lignite were prepared and their energetic potential was determined. Proximate analyses and gross calorific value (GCV) determination were conducted. Wastes and biomass-based fuels differ in many ways from fossil fuels. The CLOF sample revealed the highest GCV and the lowest ash content than all analyzed samples. Based on all analytical determinations, compost and its mixtures with lignite could be regarded suitable for energy recovery by thermal processes, such us combustion. Further studies should be done including emission analysis, ash deposition during combustion (corrosion, slagging and fouling).

scholarly journals Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Demko ◽  
Ján Machava ◽  
Miroslav Saniga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
The Common

AbstractSlovakia is acountry with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g−1d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha−1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg−1of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg−1(52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.

scholarly journals Impacts of Clean Energy Substitution for Polluting Fossil-Fuels in Terminal Energy Consumption on the Economy and Environment in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Jiachuan Chen ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Teng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Energy Substitution

China has initiated various dedicated policies on clean energy substitution for polluting fossil-fuels since the early 2010s to alleviate severe carbon emissions and environmental pollution and accelerate clean energy transformation. Using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regression, we project the potentials of substituting coal and oil with clean energy for different production sectors in China toward the year 2030. Based on the projections, a dynamic multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium model, CHINAGEM, is employed to examine: the impacts of future clean energy substitution on China’s energy production, outputs of non-energy sectors, macro-economy, and CO2 emissions. First, we found that most production sectors are projected to replace polluting fossil-fuels with clean energy in their terminal energy consumption in 2017–2030. Second, clean energy substitution enables producing green co-benefits that would enable improvements in energy production structure, reductions in national CO2 emissions, and better real GDP and employment. Third, technological progress in non-fossil-fuel electricity could further benefit China’s clean and low-carbon energy transformation, accelerating the reduction in CO2 emissions and clean energy substitution. Furthermore, the most beneficiary are energy-intensive and high carbon-emission sectors owing to the drop in coal and oil prices, while the most negatively affected are the downstream sectors of electricity. Through research, various tentative improvement policies are recommended, including financial support, renewable electricity development, clean energy utilization technology, and clean coal technologies.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Hameed ◽  
Salman Raza Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Naqvi ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Vital Resource

Lignocellulosic biomass is a vital resource for providing clean future energy with a sustainable environment. Besides lignocellulosic residues, nonlignocellulosic residues such as sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes are gained much attention due to its large quantities and ability to produce cheap and clean energy to potentially replace fossil fuels. These cheap and abundantly resources can reduce global warming owing to their less polluting nature. The low-quality biomass and high ash content of sewage sludge-based thermal conversion processes face several disadvantages towards its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize these residues in combination with coal for improvement in energy conversion processes. As per author information, no concrete study is available to discuss the synergy and decomposition mechanism of residues blending. The objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. This paper will also contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Furthermore, the influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends.

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