scholarly journals Jatropha curcas – Analysis of Gross Calorific Value

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Ružbarský ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Jan Mareček ◽  
Milan Geršl
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Pressing Process

In recent years biofuels have obtained a considerable interest, due to the implementation of ruling and gradual replacement of fossil fuels. One of production steps at gaining the oil is a pressing process. Wastes come into being from this process. These wastes are used as feed, fertilizer prospectively as fuel. A contemporary scientific literature pays attention namely to one of prospective produces which is a produce of the tropical and subtropical zones Jatropa curcas. Tests were performed at Jatropha Curcas seeds of a brown colour (that means gnaw). The aim of a research is an analysis of Jatropa curcas seed from the utilization point of view of the gross calorific value. The basic instrument to evaluate the gross calorific value of each variant of the experiment was a calorimeter PARR 6200 and digital scales for accurate laboratory weighing.

scholarly journals Compost of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste as a Fuel in Lignite Co-combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Agapi Vasileiadou ◽  
Stamatis Zoras ◽  
Argyro Dimoudi ◽  
Andreas Iordanidis ◽  
Vasilios Evagelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Proximate Analyses

In Greece, 5.8 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are produced annually, of which 2.47 million tons are bio-wastes. Composting is an alternative treatment of bio-wastes instead of landfill.  Τwo composting plants operate in Greece, one in Ano Liossia (capacity 1,200 tons/day, producing 120 tpd compost) and another in Chania (capacity 70,000 tons/year, producing 20,000 tpa compost). In addition, since 2018, the first integrated waste management plant was set off in the region of Kozani (capacity 120,000 tons/year). An alternative utilization of the compost, produced in the latter plant, was investigated in this study. In particular, instead of using compost as fertilizer, the energy recovery from this bio-waste was attested. Utilization of compost of MSW for energy production purposes has rarely been studied in the literature. Several blends of compost with lignite were prepared and their energetic potential was determined. Proximate analyses and gross calorific value (GCV) determination were conducted. Wastes and biomass-based fuels differ in many ways from fossil fuels. The CLOF sample revealed the highest GCV and the lowest ash content than all analyzed samples. Based on all analytical determinations, compost and its mixtures with lignite could be regarded suitable for energy recovery by thermal processes, such us combustion. Further studies should be done including emission analysis, ash deposition during combustion (corrosion, slagging and fouling).

scholarly journals Biochar as a Multifunctional Component of the Environment—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Grzegorz Zaguła ◽  
Marcin Bajcar ◽  
Maria Tarapatskyy ◽  
Gabriel Bobula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The growing demand for electricity, caused by dynamic economic growth, leads to a decrease in the available non-renewable energy resources constituting the foundation of global power generation. A search for alternative sources of energy that can support conventional energy technologies utilizing fossil fuels is not only of key significance for the power industry but is also important from the point of view of environmental conservation and sustainable development. Plant biomass, with its specific chemical structure and high calorific value, is a promising renewable source of energy which can be utilized in numerous conversion processes, enabling the production of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Methods of thermal biomass conversion include pyrolysis, i.e., a process allowing one to obtain a multifunctional product known as biochar. The article presents a review of information related to the broad uses of carbonization products. It also discusses the legal aspects and quality standards applicable to these materials. The paper draws attention to the lack of uniform legal and quality conditions, which would allow for a much better use of biochar. The review also aims to highlight the high potential for a use of biochar in different environments. The presented text attempts to emphasize the importance of biochar as an alternative to classic products used for energy, environmental and agricultural purposes.

Parameters Influencing the Utilization of Composts for Energy Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Raclavsky ◽  
Ondrej Zajonc ◽  
Lucia Kovalova ◽  
Radim Kovarik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
The Czech Republic

Ten composts produced by composting plants in the Moravosilesian Region (the Czech Republic) were studied from the point of view of their possible utilization for energy production. The parameters relevant for this possible application of low-quality composts were determined: elemental composition (C,H,O,N,S), volatile combustibles, fixed carbon, ash, gross calorific value, moisture, water leachable potassium and chlorine, alkali index, C/N.

Geopolitics of Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Blerina Muskaj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Weapon

At the beginning of my paper I will explain the concept of "Geopolitics of Energy", this will be done for a quite simple reason, because I want everyone who can sit to read this article to understand more clearly what is at stake, therefore allow them the comprehension of what is being elaborated bellow at first sight. Geopolitics of energy is a concept that relates to policies choosing exporters to implement on importers, is the policy that has an impact on energy consumption, which includes consumer’s choice in the geopolitical context, taking into account the economy, foreign policy, the safety of energy, environmental consequences and priorities that carries the energy exporter. This concept permits the understanding of how works the politics that undertakes this initiative taking into account natural resources such as: natural gas and oil. Natural gas and oil are two main resources that produce energy but also two main elements on which arises all the topic in the energetics game. For this paper is used qualitative methodology, through which we were able to accomplish this work. I focused on scientific literature, official publications and reports on energy geopolitics. The main aim has been to show how in this decade, energy security is at the center of geopolitical agenda and has become the focus of numerous political debates. Regarding this point of view, Europe is taking the initiative to create a common energy market within the continent by creating projects, in which Albania appears as a new regional energy potential. Russia, which is aiming to play a role in the international arena, is seeking to position itself geopolitically in "its political weapon", hydrocarbon resources, in particular natural gas resources.

To the Question of the Classification Patterns of Social Stratification in the Countries of the World (Brief Overview of Some Concepts and Author’s Comment)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World

The author considers the problems of typification of society. Some concepts of typification of social stratification models in different countries formulated and justified in historical and legal, historical, sociological, and economic scientific literature are reviewed. The circumstances that make it difficult to formulate universal concepts designed for application in the complex of social Sciences are identified. These circumstances include insufficient consideration of legal factors, including the position of the legislator, the specifics of the corporate legal status, and the characteristics of the mechanism for changing individual legal status. The author offers a variant of classification of society types from the point of view of legal registration of their structure. The possibility of distinguishing types such as consolidated companies and segmented companies is justified.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

Design process for serious activities inspired by play and games: a problem solving with a board game from disengamement and gamification processes (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Goria ◽  
Louise Dupet ◽  
Maëva Négroni ◽  
Gabriel Sega ◽  
Philippe Arnoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Design Result

BACKGROUND most serious games and other game-based tools are designed as digital games or escape games. They are designed for learning or sometimes in the field of medicine as an aid to care. However, they can also be seen as an aid to research, in our case, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of imaging techniques for cancer detection. OBJECTIVE we present a case study of action research on the design of a serious board game intended to consider the advantages and weaknesses of a diagnostic method in a different ways. The goal was to better understand the principles of designing a tool using game or play. METHODS we explicitly implemented another process than gamification to develop a structure reminiscent of the game to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging techniques from the point of view of the respondents (in this case specialists not directly involved in the project). Based on this feedback and the scientific literature on this subject, we detail the main categories of games and games developed for serious use in order to understand their differences. Concerning the cancer research part to which game contributes, our method is based on questions asked to experts and practitioners of this specialty. RESULTS an expert point of view translation tool in the form of a game has been realized to apprehend a research in a different way. CONCLUSIONS we show with the help of a diagram, some possible design paths leading to this type of design result including two hidden dimensions to consider (the awareness of the game or play by the "player" and his role as a contributor or recipient).

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