Selectivity profiles of recently arrived refugees and labour migrants in Germany

Soziale Welt ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-89
Author(s):  
Christoph Spörlein ◽  
Cornelia Kristen ◽  
Regine Schmidt ◽  
Jörg Welker
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
German Microcensus ◽  
Migrant Selectivity ◽  
Stay Behind ◽  
Age And Sex

Migrant selectivity refers to the idea that immigrants differ in certain characteristics from individuals who stay behind in their country of origin. In this article, we describe the selectivity profiles of recent migrants to Germany with respect to educational attainment, age and sex. We illustrate how refugees differ from labour migrants, and we compare the profiles of Syrian refugees who successfully completed the long journey to Europe to Syrian refugees who settled in neighbouring Lebanon or Jordan. We rely on destination-country data from the IAB-BAMF-GSOEP Survey of Refugees, the Arab Barometer, and the German Microcensus, as well as on a broad range of origin-country data sources. Regarding sex selectivity, males dominate among refugees in Germany, while among economic migrants, sex distributions are more balanced. Relative to their societies of origin, labour migrants are younger than refugees. At the same time, both types of migrants are drawn from the younger segments of their origin populations. In terms of educational attainment, many refugees compare rather poorly with average Germans’ attainment, but well when compared to their origin populations. The educational profiles for labour migrants are mixed. Finally, Syrians who settle in Germany are younger, more likely to be male and relatively better educated than Syrians migrating to Jordan or Lebanon.

Comparison of corneal astigmatism characteristics and prevalence of corneal astigmatism between Turkish individuals and Syrian refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110307
Author(s):  
Soner Guven
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Adjusted Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Purpose: To compare the prevalence, magnitude and type of corneal astigmatism between Turkish individuals and Syrian refugees. Material and methods: Data of patients scheduled for cataract surgery between January 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. The patients were randomly stratified according to their ethnicity (Turkish individuals or Syrian refugees). Keratometry was performed with the keratometer of IOLMaster 500. Quantitative analysis was performed using the power vector method (J0 and J45). The association between age and astigmatism in the two groups was explored. Results: The study included 4085 eyes of 2049 patients (3962 eyes of Turkish individuals and 123 eyes of Syrian refugees). The mean magnitude of corneal astigmatism, J0, J45 and prevalence of against the rule (ATR) astigmatism and with the rule (WTR) astigmatism were 1.01 D, 0.06, 0.01 D, 37.6% and 43.7% in Turkish individuals and 1.13 D, −0.02, 0.07 D, 46.3% and 37.4% in Syrian refugees, respectively. There were no significant differences according to age, sex, right/left eyes, corneal astigmatism magnitude, keratometric values, J0 and J45 ( p > 0.05) between the two groups. Below 40 years of age, the mean corneal astigmatism magnitude in Syrian refugees was significantly higher than that in Turkish individuals ( p = 0.037). At all ages, ATR astigmatism prevalence was higher in Syrian refugees than in Turkish individuals. ATR astigmatic shift began at a younger age in Syrian refugees ( p = 0.037). Age- and sex-adjusted analysis showed that J0 was significantly lower in Syrian refugees than in Turkish individuals ( p = 0.013). Conclusion: The prevalence and magnitude of ATR astigmatism were higher and onset earlier in Syrian refugees than in Turkish individuals.

Estimating the Prevalence of Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Approach to Triangulating Available Data to Inform Health Systems Planning:: Estimer la prévalence des troubles mentaux et des troubles liés à une substance: une approche systématique de la triangulation des données disponibles pour éclairer la planification du système de santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110068
Author(s):  
Daniel Vigo ◽  
Wayne Jones ◽  
Naomi Dove ◽  
Daniel E. Maidana ◽  
Corinne Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Systems Planning ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of specific mental and substance use disorders (MSUDs), by age and sex, as a first step toward informing needs-based health systems planning by decision-makers. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework and a systematic methodology for combining available data sources to yield prevalence estimates for specific MSUDs. Data sources used included published, peer-reviewed literature from Canada and comparable countries, Canadian population survey data, and health administrative data from British Columbia. Several well-established methodologies including systematic review and meta-analyses of published prevalence estimates, modelling of age- and sex-specific distributions, and the Global Burden of Disease severity distribution model were incorporated in a novel mode of triangulation. Results: Using this novel approach, we obtained prevalence estimates for 10 MSUDs for British Columbia, Canada, as well as prevalence distributions across age groups, by sex. Conclusion: Obtaining reliable assessments of disorder prevalence and severity is a useful first step toward rationally estimating service need and plan health services. We propose a methodology to leverage existing information to obtain robust estimates in a timely manner and with sufficient granularity to, after adjusting for comorbidity and matching with severity-specific service bundles, inform need-based planning efforts for adult (15 years and older) mental health and substance use services.

Educational Selectivity and Language Acquisition among Recently Arrived Immigrants

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Spörlein ◽  
Cornelia Kristen
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Migrant Selectivity

This article investigates destination language proficiency upon arrival and subsequent proficiency growth among recently arrived immigrants in Germany, Great Britain, and Ireland. We introduce selectivity considerations to a model of language acquisition, arguing that positively selected individuals should display higher levels of language skills upon arrival and faster growth in destination language proficiency thereafter. The results show that upon arrival, positively selected immigrants are less proficient, holding absolute levels of educational attainment constant. In terms of language proficiency growth, however, our longitudinal findings suggest that positively selected immigrants, net of differences in pre-migration investments, post-migration exposure, and incentives, acquire the destination language faster. The findings add to a growing body of literature demonstrating the benefits of using novel measurement approaches to migrant selectivity.

The Rise of Global Human Capital and the End of World Population Growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lutz ◽  
KC Samir
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

This is the first of three chapters that present the population projections by age, sex, and level of educational attainment for all countries in the world with a time horizon of 2060, and extensions to 2100. Before discussing the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (WIC) projections, however, it is worth stepping back to consider how social structures change over time. While understanding the evolution of social structures is important under the conventional demographic approach that breaks down populations by age and sex, a more in-depth understanding of the changes in human capital requires that the interplay between different levels of schooling over time (the flow variable), and the changing educational attainment composition of the adult population (the stock variable) be taken into account. Societies can be stratified along several dimensions. In conventional social science the divisions studied refer to social class, race, or ethnicity. Demographers routinely break down populations by age and sex. Another important demographic dimension is that of birth cohorts or generations, that is, persons born and socialized during the same historical period. Particularly during periods of rapid social change, young cohorts tend to differ from older ones in important respects, and the demographic process of generational replacement is a powerful driver of socio-economic change. This process is analytically described by the theory of ‘Demographic Metabolism’, recently introduced as a generalized predictive demographic theory of socio-economic change by the first author (Lutz, 2013), building on earlier work by Mannheim (1952) and Ryder (1965). Ryder, who introduced the notion of Demographic Metabolism in a qualitative way, saw it as the main force of social change. While this theory applies to many stable human characteristics that are acquired at young age and remain invariant over a lifetime, it is particularly appropriate for studying and modelling the dynamics of the change in the distributions of highest educational attainment by age and sex over time. This perspective on human capital formation is the main focus of this book. This first of the three results chapters will highlight the results with respect to future population numbers by level of education in different parts of the world.

Türkiye’de Almanlar ve Almancılar

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Zeyneloğlu ◽  
İbrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
German Immigrant

Bu makale köklü bir göç alan ülke olarak Almanya ile göç veren ülke Türkiye arasında gelişen göç kültürünün öneminin vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1990 ve 2000 Türkiye Genel Nüfus sayımı mikro verileri esas alınarak Türkiye’de bulunan Almanya doğumlu, Almanya vatandaşı ve Almanya’da yaşamış nüfus grupları tespit edilmiş ve bu gruplar karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bu nüfus grupları temel demografik göstergeler üzerinden tarif edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çeşitli nüfus sayımı değişkenleri kullanılarak 14 farklı analiz grubundan oluşan bir sınıflandırma önerilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma Türkiye’nin göçmen alma örüntülerine örnek teşkil edebilecek niteliktedir. Aynı zamanda geri dönen göçmen gruplarının destinasyon tercihleri de dikkate alınmıştır. Türkiye’de bulunan Almanya’lı nüfusun göç kültürünün nasıl iki yönlü göç akınları yarattığına ve köken ülkeye doğru tersine akınlara yol açtığını gösteren önemli bir örnek olduğunu düşünüyoruz.ENGLISH TITLE & ABSTRACTGermans and ‘Almancı’ in TurkeyThis paper notes the importance of developing culture of migration between Germany as the established destination country and Turkey as the country of origin historically. In this study we have used the 1990 and 2000 Census microdata sample. We have classifıed movers who have been somehow linked to Germany, either as citizens, or immigrants or returnees. Thus we have created 14 analytic groups using the variables in the census data. This classification can be an example for overall immigration patterns in Turkey. At the same time, detsination choices of return migrants have been taken into account. We argue that the emerging German immigrant population in Turkey is a case illustrating the ways in which a culture of migration can generate and maintain two way flows and in fact reversal of flows towards the original country of origin.

scholarly journals Factors that affect the demand of tourism in Mexico: competitive analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Ofelia Lobo Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Alberto Flores Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Quiroz Félix ◽  
Isaac Cruz Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Relative Wealth ◽  
The Usa

Purpose Several studies have been made that analyze factors that affect the demand of tourism from several optics. This paper aims to study the factors that determine the demand for tourism in Mexico, through an econometric analysis, by using the Johansen cointegration model (1991) to determine the long-term elasticity between the demand of tourists and the wealth related to its main markets (the USA and Canada) and the relative prices in Mexico and its two main competitors (the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica). Design/methodology/approach The authors used econometric analysis using Johansen’s cointegration model (1991), using as a dependent variable the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada), taking as data the number of tourists by air in the period 1980-2015, according to information from the SIIMT. The independent variables are the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (wealth of the tourist in Mexico concerning the wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition. The source for per capita income and the consumer price index is the World Bank. Findings The results obtained in this document show that in the long-term the price is a factor of impact in the purchase decision of both markets analyzed. Presenting an elastic demand to the price, which implies that the market is sensitive to the variations of the price of tourist services, opting for the destination that offers better prices, with a higher sensitivity to the price when compared with Costa Rica. Coinciding with previous studies carried out in other tourist destinations, such as in the work of Patsouratis et al. (2005). Originality/value The main contribution of this work is to determine the long-term relationship, through a cointegration analysis of Johansen (1991). A methodology that has not been used to perform a competitive analysis between countries. Additionally, the present work uses variables different from those considered in previous works; the dependent variable is the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada) and as dependent variables the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (Wealth of the tourist in Mexico with respect to wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition.

scholarly journals Education, Social Attitudes and Social Participation among Adults in Britain

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Educational Course

A stable finding of research on civic participation is the correlation between overall educational attainment and various attributes that are relevant to democracy, such as propensity to be active, to vote, and to hold views on important public issues. But research since the 1990s has suggested that we should be cautious about this inference. The most important question is that raised by the findings of Nie et al. (1996) on the USA, showing that rising overall levels of education, while probably making populations more liberal, did not make them more likely to vote. Even that conclusion may be too general, because research by, for example, Campbell (2004) and Nie and Hillygus (2001) shows that the content and style of an educational course are relevant. More problematic still are questions about the nature of the citizens which education might help to create: is education democratically desirable because it makes people think, or because it makes people socially liberal (which is the general tenor of most of the writing on this topic)? The paper therefore asks, using British data, what kind of education matters for social attitudes and civic participation by adults? Several British data sources are used, mainly the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts, the British Social Attitudes Survey and the British Household Panel Study.

scholarly journals The Impact of Labor Migration on Human Capital Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Grebeniyk ◽  
Ivan Aleshkovski ◽  
Anastasiya Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
International Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

The growing role of labor migrationis one of the most notabletrendsininternational migrationflows.Thismigration has become an important factor ineconomic development and a source of the increasing interdependence of countries and regions intoday’sglobalizedworld. It impactsmigrants’ country of origin as well as the destination country, chiefly affecting human capital in both groups of nations.This article systematizesthe positive and negative effects of labor migration focusing on humancapitalwhile suggesting asystem of indicators characterizing such effects.Special attention is paid to the analysis of policies related to suchmigration. This study explains how countries of origin and destination must carry outeffective and fair managementof labor migrationto make the most of itsbenefits at an international level.

scholarly journals Further evidence for positive correlations of intelligence and suicide rate across Italian regions: Responsum to Felice (2010)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Positive Correlations

Voracek (2009, Psychol. Rep.) found regional IQ estimates and suicide rates to be positively correlated across 13 (out of 20) Italian regions. Felice (2010, Psychol. Rep.) criticized this group-level (ecologic) finding from geographic analysis on various grounds. These arguments are addressed and rebutted here. Further, replication tests with two new, independent data sources for regional Italian IQ, now including either 19 or all the 20 regions of Italy, show that these are similarly positively correlated with suicide rates. Finally, the group-level finding of Voracek (2009) and its two successful replications are now directly confirmed by recent individual-level (register-based) evidence for higher educational attainment (an IQ proxy) in Italian suicide victims, compared to deaths from all other causes.

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