Zwischen Erinnerung und Verständigung: Der Racing Club de Strasbourg und die Wiederaufnahme der deutsch-französischen Fußballbeziehungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg

STADION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Philipp Didion
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The One ◽  
German Reich ◽  
International Sport ◽  
Second World ◽  
Establishment Process

This article aims to analyse the role of the Alsatian football club Racing Club de Strasbourg throughout the re-establishment process of the French-German football relations after the Second World War. Because of its geographical location between France and Germany and due to the double annexation of the Alsace by the German Reich the club held a special position in the French football landscape. To examine the difficulties and conflicts that came along with the attempt to restore international sport relations between West Germany and France, the paper focuses on three aspects: German prisoners of war in France, efforts to organise football games between French and German top-level-clubs, and the re-establishment of international matches between the two countries. As a result, Racing’s attitude can be situated in a field of tension between hurtful wartime experiences on the one hand and sporting as well as financial benefits on the other hand. While the former was an argument held against an over-hasty spirit of understanding between the French and the German teams especially by the Alsatian Football Association, the latter were a reason for Racing to intensify its pragmatical efforts to re-establish sport relations with West German clubs. This ambivalence is further exemplified by the dualism between Aimé Gissy, secretary general of the Alsatian Football Association (1935-1939, 1945-1974), and Willy Scheuer, president of Racing Club de Strasbourg (1952-1960).

The Etappe Kanaren: A case study of the secret supply of the German Navy in Spain during the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Díaz Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
German Navy ◽  
Second World

The secret supply of the German Navy during the Second World War has scarcely been studied until now. The goal of this article is to study one of the more active supply areas of the Etappendienst at the beginning of the war, the one known as Etappe Kanaren, as part of the Grossetappe Spanien-Portugal. In this research primary sources from German Naval War Command have been consulted. Among the main conclusions, it should be pointed out, on the one hand, the intense activity to support the Kriegsmarine during the first years of the war, despite the distance from mainland Spain and the British pressure, which finally stopped the supply operations. On the other hand, we have confirmed the active role of the Spanish government in relation to the Etappendienst: Spanish authorities allowed the supply operations, but pressure from the Allies forced the Spanish government to impede these activities.

scholarly journals The Role of Traditional Elders in the Establishment of the law and order in FATA, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (- 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Intikhab Alam
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
State Law ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Norms ◽  
Personal Interests

This study was carried out in Khyber Agency (FATA), with the main objective to determine the tribal thoughts towards the role of traditional elders in the establishment of law and order. The data was collected from randomly selected 380 sampled respondents, which includes people from commerce/trade community, students, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and representatives from political administration was randomly drawn. To see the association between independent and dependent variables chi square statistics was used. The study reveals that the local people were not happy with the Malaks’ role (traditional local leaders) for the reason of their personal interests which sustained their subjugation. It further indicates that the Malaks’ role was weakened by the stronger influence of insurgents and even their tax collection act in view of the prevalent poor law and order situation. However, the Malaks’ role was double-edged as they got benefits from the political administration on the one hand and looked for the insurgents’ help in different issues on the other. Tribal elders remained silent over misdeed in the area. The local Malaks are enjoying like bourgeoisie class as political administration and masses are bound to go in accordance with their directions. They are not facing any kind of accountability for the financial benefits awarded by the political administration. The locals were found with oppressed feelings caused by the suppressive role of Malaks. Frontier crime Regulation (FCR) which is a tribal law has enshrined power to the local Malaks and political administration. The state law, which is not in vogue in the entire tribal belt, was observed as the only mechanism to bring normalcy by narrowing the spectrum of the Malaks’ role and political administration. The local bourgeoisie (Malakān), operating around with all might’s being enjoyed and exercised on their parts through a strong endorsement from the administration needs not to be overlooked. Their role must be defined under the provision of state law enshrined through constitutional cover. This would make them accountable and sense of accountability always brings honesty, dedication and loyalty. Moreover, oppressed feeling surfaced during the study from the local masses regarding the role of these Malak would also brought under the umbrella of check and balance and thus a democratic norms would prevail in aftermath.

scholarly journals “It Is Really a Big Achievement for a Small Community Like the One of Curaçao.” Jan Greshoff (1888–1971) and De Stoep (1940–1951): An Exploration

Werkwinkel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Willem Bant
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Small Community ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Literary Journal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Abstract During the Second World War, both in the Dutch East Indies and in Curaçao, journals were published in which Dutch authors could publish their works unhampered by German censorship. In addition, literary works in Dutch were published in the Dutch East Indies, South Africa and New York. A man involved in all these initiatives was Jan Greshoff, an author who had played an important role in Dutch literature during the time between the two world wars. In this article, the role of Greshoff in relation to the literary journal De Stoep, which originated in Curaçao after the German occupation of Holland in 1940, will be explored. Although he never went to Curaçao and never met the journal’s founder, Luc. Tournier, in person, Greshoff played an important role in the history of De Stoep during the years of the war, and thus indirectly in the development of Dutch literature in Curaçao.

scholarly journals Archives’ Data on Soviet Prisoners of War and Memorials in Norway

2017 ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Tsvietkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
World War ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Second World

The author raises the issue on relevance of international search for the names of killed persons during the Second World War, as well as provides information on the archives of Norway. The article deals with the presence of Soviet prisoners of war in Norway during 1941–1945 and the problem of searching for the names of the dead and buried prisoners in this territory. The author analyzes access to the electronic database on the names and places of burial of Soviet prisoners through the archival centers in Norway. This paper stresses the humanitarian role of Norwegian researchers in finding names and burial places of the thousands of Soviet prisoners of war.

scholarly journals Transnational Dimensions of a ‘German Case’: The Expatriation of Wolf Biermann and the Politics of Solidarity in the 1970s

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-396
Author(s):  
Daniel Laqua
Keyword(s):  
West Germany ◽  
German History ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
East German ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
The One ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

In November 1976, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) announced the expatriation of the dissident singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann, preventing his return from a concert tour in West Germany. This step attracted widespread press coverage and sparked a substantial expression of solidarity by East German intellectuals. This article proposes an alternative perspective on this well-known episode in German history by highlighting its transnational dimensions and its international contexts. Biermann’s work interacted with broader cultural currents of the period, while his political engagement with events in Chile and Spain testified to the importance of transnational solidarity for left-wing mobilizations. Moreover, the article points to two important international factors that are crucial for understanding the events of 1976: the role of Eurocommunism within left-wing debate on the one hand, and the resonance of human rights discourse during the 1970s on the other.

scholarly journals Shifting the agency of remembering: Inventing the loyal Romani victim in the context of Austrian memory debates

Ethnicities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Stefan Benedik
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Many paradoxes characterise the case of Romani communities, who have been dubbed one of Europe’s most eminent ‘problems’. On the one hand, European states are increasingly acknowledging Romani people as a victim group of National Socialism and the Second World War while, on the other hand, politics and public debate continue to discriminate against contemporary Romani communities. As part of identity politics, Romani organisations have been highlighting their history of persecution, a process initiated at the time when the memory of National Socialism has become established as the core of European collective memory. This paper examines how narratives of a violent past have been integrated into Austrian ‘national memory’ and how this intersects with the construction of Romani victimhood history – often as a consequence of Romani organisation’s own efforts of telling their community’s history. I argue that the mainstreaming of Romani suffering is first due to a successful integration of Romani victims into the framework of a new understanding of ‘racially’ diverse Austrian victimhood. Second, I trace the role of individual protagonists within these processes of acknowledgment and highlight the relevance of gendered positions in developing a new racialised history of persecution.

PRINC EVGENIJE SAVOJSKI IZMEĐU PARIZA, BEČA I BEOGRADA

Lipar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (75) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Duško Lopandić
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decisive Victory ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

The paper presents the life and work of Eugene of Savoy, a famous military leader at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, whose achivements left a mark in the history of numerous countries, from Austria, through Germany, Italy and France, to Serbia. The biography of Prince Eugene has a mutinational, “pan-European” char- acter, bearing in mind that he came from an Italian family (princes of Savoy), that he was raised in the environment of the French royal court, and that he served three Habsburg emperors (Leopold I, Joseph I and Charles VI). Napoleon considered Eugene one of the seven greatest commanders of history.The article contains presentation of young years and military career of Prince Eugene, especially during the Great Turkish war (1683-1699) and after, includin presantation of crucial battles of Zenta (1687), Petrowaradin (1716) and Belgrade (1717). The Prince’s fame was secured with his decisive victory against the Ottomans at the Battle of Zenta in 1697, earning him Europe-wide fame. The Battle of Zenta proved to be the decisive victory in the long war against the Turks. Renewed hostilities against the Ottomans in the Austro-Turkish War consolidated his reputation, with victories at the battles of Petrovaradin (1716), and the decisive encounter at Belgrade (1717). Of all Eugene’s wars this was the one in which he exercised most direct control; it was also a war which, for the most part, Austria fought and won on her own. The war had dispelled the immediate Turkish threat to Hungary and was a triumph for the Empire and for Eugene personally. In the period after the Second World War, during the period of growing popularity of European integration and cooperation, as well as supranational ideas, there was a reinterpretation of the historical role of Eugene Savoy as an archetypal character “pan-European”, “hero of European culture”, “builder of Europe”. The period of the Austro-Turkish wars in which Prince Evgenije participated and his great victories over the Turks had an exceptional influence and significance on the history of the Serbian people (Great Migration 1690). A large number of Serbs also took part in the campaigns and battles led by Eugene of Savoy.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

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