Prospective Uses of Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria for the Prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current expanding knowledge of the mechanisms by which LAB and other probiotic microorganisms participate in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. These include changes in the gut microbiota, stimulation of the host immune responses, and reduction of the oxidative stress due to their antioxidant properties. A brief overview of the uses of genetically engineered LAB that produce either antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase and superoxide dismutase) or anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-10) will also be discussed. This paper will show that probiotics should be considered in treatment protocols of IBD since they provide many beneficial effects and can enhance the effectiveness of traditional used medicines.

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GLUT5 is a determinant of dietary fructose-mediated exacerbation of experimental colitis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00059.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Srijani Basu ◽

Catherine Liu ◽

Xi Kathy Zhou ◽

Ryohei Nishiguchi ◽

Taehoon Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Experimental Colitis ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Western Diet ◽

High Fructose ◽

Genetically Engineered Mice ◽

Dietary Fructose ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The western diet has been suggested to contribute to the rising incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that fructose, a component of the western diet, could play a role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. A high fructose diet is known to exacerbate experimental colitis. This study tested whether the expression of GLUT5, the fructose transporter, is a determinant of the severity of experimental colitis during elevated fructose consumption and whether ileal inflammation is associated with altered GLUT5 expression in Crohn's Disease. Studies in genetically engineered mice showed that in comparison to Glut5+/+ mice, feeding a 15 kcal% fructose diet to Glut5-/- mice led to worse dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. This effect was associated with elevated levels of colonic fructose and a shift in the fecal microbiota in Glut5-/- mice. Importantly, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics protected against the worsening of colitis mediated by dietary fructose in Glut5-/- mice. Gene expression analysis revealed that GLUT5 levels are reduced in patients with Crohn's ileitis. Moreover, levels of GLUT5 negatively correlated with levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Collectively, these results demonstrate that dietary constituent (fructose)-host gene (GLUT5) interactions can shape the colonic microbiota thereby impacting the severity of colitis.

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Immunological aspects of determination of an adequate biological treatment sequence for inflammatory bowel diseases: the expert board statement (St. Petersburg, May 22, 2021)

Almanac of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

E. A. Belousova ◽

I. G. Kozlov ◽

D. I. Abdulganieva ◽

O. P. Alexeeva ◽

I. V. Gubonina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Clinical Guidelines ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Treatment Sequence ◽

Patient Profile ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

On May 22, 2021, the Expert Board met in St. Petersburg to discuss their position on immunological aspects of determination of an adequate biological treatment sequence for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The Expert Board aimed at discussion of current strategies, development of a consensus on determination of an adequate biological treatment sequence for IBD. The main topics of the agenda were the contribution of immune system to the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and their complications, efficacy of genetically engineered biological agents (GEBA) at various stages of IBD management. Participation of the leading Russian experts in IBD, as well as involvement of other specialties, made it possible to consider the topic by a multidisciplinary team, with an in-depth analysis of IBD pathophysiology, to better understand the course of the disease in some contradictory situation, for instance, when clinical remission is not associated with an endoscopically confirmed remission. One of the expected effects of this Expert Board meeting would be an improvement of GEBA administration in clinical practice, mostly due to the modification of clinical guidelines. This would ascertain and confirm the algorithms for GEBA administration for IBD, including the optimal treatment sequence depending on an agent’s mechanism of action and the patient profile. The clarification of the optimal GEBA sequence in the clinical guidelines could lead to more frequent GEBA administration in local medical clinics and institutions in the regions, where GEBA are used insufficiently due to little experience and absence of their precise positioning in the clinical guidelines.

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Ulcerative colitis in combination with ankylosing spondylitis: clinical case

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-183-11-147-150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 183 (11) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

D. D. Tarasova ◽

L. N. Shilova ◽

M. V. Korolyova ◽

E. G. Korenskaya ◽

A. V. Feoktistova

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Topical Problem ◽

Biologic Drugs ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The combination of inﬂammatory bowel diseases with lesions of the spine and joints is an topical problem for modern medicine. A case of combination of ulcerative colitis and sacroiliitis is presented. The patient is recommended the therapy of genetically engineered biologic drugs.

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Current Review of Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria for the Prevention and Treatment of Colitis Using Murine Models

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/146972 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc ◽

Silvina del Carmen ◽

Jean-Marc Chatel ◽

Anderson Miyoshi ◽

Vasco Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Protein Delivery ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Recurrent Inflammation

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by recurrent inflammation that requires lifelong treatments. Probiotic microorganisms appear as an alternative for these patients; however, probiotic characteristics are strain dependent and each probiotic needs to be tested to understand the underlining mechanisms involved in their beneficial properties. Genetic modification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was also described as a tool for new IBD treatments. The first part of this review shows different genetically modified LAB (GM-LAB) described for IBD treatment since 2000. Then, the two principally studied strategies are discussed (i) GM-LAB producing antioxidant enzymes and (ii) GM-LAB producing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Different delivery systems, including protein delivery and DNA delivery, will also be discussed. Studies show the efficacy of GM-LAB (using different expression systems) for the prevention and treatment of IBD, highlighting the importance of the bacterial strain selection (with anti-inflammatory innate properties) as a promising alternative. These microorganisms could be used in the near future for the development of therapeutic products with anti-inflammatory properties that can improve the quality of life of IBD patients.

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