Molecular Approaches for the Study of Genetic Diversity in Microflora of Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract

Pulses are the main source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. These are primarily cultivated on marginal lands with few inputs in several resource-poor countries of the world, including several in South Asia. Their cultivation in resource-scarce conditions exposes them to various abiotic and biotic stresses, leading to significant yield losses. Furthermore, climate change due to global warming has increased their vulnerability to emerging new insect pests and abiotic stresses that can become even more serious in the coming years. The changing climate scenario has made it more challenging to breed and develop climate-resilient smart pulses. Although pulses are climate smart, as they simultaneously adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change, their narrow genetic diversity has always been a major constraint to their improvement for adaptability. However, existing genetic diversity still provides opportunities to exploit novel attributes for developing climate-resilient cultivars. The mining and exploitation of adaptive traits imparting tolerance/resistance to climate-smart pulses can be accelerated further by using cutting-edge approaches of biotechnology such as transgenics, genome editing, and epigenetics. This review discusses various classical and molecular approaches and strategies to exploit adaptive traits for breeding climate-smart pulses.

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Assessment of diversity by using morphological, biochemical and molecular approaches of selected basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i1.749 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Mishra ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

R. S. Sengar ◽

P. Kumar ◽

R. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Basmati Rice ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Gel Consistency ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

The study investigates the genetic diversity among the Basmati rice genotypes. Selected nine Basmati rice genotypes were studied for twelve morphological traits, biochemical parameters and for molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers. Pusa Sugandha 5 and Basmati 370, showed strong aroma while other varieties showed medium aroma. Alkali spreading value were intermediate in Basmati 386, Vallabh Basmati 22 and Vallabh Basmati 24 while other varieties showed high values. Pusa Basmati 1 and Basmati 386 showed soft category of gel consistency while in rest varieties it was under medium category. Amylose percentage in grains were ranged from 18.02% (Taraori basmati) to 22.0% (Basmati370). Molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers showed 125 allels with an average number of allels 11.36 per locus. All the markers showed specific type of banding pattern along with 82 polymorphic allels in different genotypes. This study focuses on application of statistical methods and techniques in analysis of genetic diversity of the agronomic data, biochemical aspects related to quality parameters and at the molecular level using SSR markers for clustering procedure making dendrogram that helps the more accurate selection of the superior basmati genotypes for the further studies of the breeders and researchers.

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Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Honduras in an elimination setting

10.21203/rs.2.24779/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denis Escobar ◽

Krisnaya Ascencio ◽

Andrés Ortiz ◽

Adalid Palma ◽

Gustavo Fontecha

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Endemic Areas

Abstract Background: Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras. Methods: Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collection methods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results: A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians, An. vestitipennis, and An. neivai are reported in this study.Conclusions: Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.

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Genetic Diversity and Conservation of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Through Molecular Approaches

Red Sanders: Silviculture and Conservation ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-7627-6_13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 173-187

Author(s):

B. K. Indu ◽

Sudipta Kumar Mohonty ◽

Savithri Bhat ◽

Mallappa Kumara Swamy ◽

M. Anuradha

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Pterocarpus Santalinus

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Exploring the Ecology of Bifidobacteria and Their Genetic Adaptation to the Mammalian Gut

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Sabrina Duranti ◽

Giulia Longhi ◽

Marco Ventura ◽

Douwe van Sinderen ◽

Francesca Turroni

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Genetic Adaptation ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Important Group ◽

Health Promoting

The mammalian gut is densely inhabited by microorganisms that have coevolved with their host. Amongst these latter microorganisms, bifidobacteria represent a key model to study host–microbe interaction within the mammalian gut. Remarkably, bifidobacteria naturally occur in a range of ecological niches that are either directly or indirectly connected to the animal gastrointestinal tract. They constitute one of the dominant bacterial members of the intestinal microbiota and are among the first colonizers of the mammalian gut. Notably, the presence of bifidobacteria in the gut has been associated with several health-promoting activities. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current knowledge on the genetic diversity and ecology of bifidobacteria. Furthermore, we will discuss how this important group of gut bacteria is able to colonize and survive in the mammalian gut, so as to facilitate host interactions.

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Molecular Approaches to Genetic Diversity

10.5772/58654 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Approaches

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Genetic diversity of schistosomes and snails: implications for control

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182009990412 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 136 (13) ◽

pp. 1801-1811 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

DAVID ROLLINSON ◽

JOANNE P. WEBSTER ◽

BONNIE WEBSTER ◽

SILVESTER NYAKAANA ◽

ASLAK JØRGENSEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Schistosomiasis Control ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Monitoring And Surveillance ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Cryptic Taxa ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYMolecular approaches are providing new insights into the genetic diversity of schistosomes and their intermediate snail hosts. For instance, molecular tools based on the polymerase chain reaction are being developed for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and the detection of prepatent schistosome infections in snails at transmission sites. Robust phylogenies of the different species of Schistosoma, Bulinus and Biomphalaria have been determined and novel methods are available to identify the different and cryptic taxa involved. Microsatellite analyses and mitochondrial DNA sequencing methods have been developed and are contributing to a better understanding of the genetic structure of both schistosome and snail populations. New sampling procedures to capture DNA of eggs and larval stages of schistosomes in field situations are facilitating more detailed and ethically advantageous studies on parasite heterogeneity. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of schistosome and snail populations adds a further dimension to the monitoring and surveillance of disease, and the implementation of new molecular-based approaches will be of increasing importance in helping to assess the impact of schistosomiasis control strategies.

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Distribution of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Honduras in an elimination setting

10.21203/rs.2.24779/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denis Escobar ◽

Krisnaya Ascencio ◽

Andrés Ortiz ◽

Adalid Palma ◽

Gustavo Fontecha

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Endemic Areas

Abstract Background: Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to update information on the diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras with a morphological and molecular approach. Methods: Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collections methods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results: A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. An. albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians, An. vestitipennis, and An. neivai are reported in this study. Conclusions: Here we report the distribution of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.

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