scholarly journals The Role of Soil Properties in Plant Endemism – A Revision of Conservation Strategies

10.5772/53056 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa ◽  
Ma. del Carmen Gutierrez- Castorena ◽  
Teresa Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Plant Endemism

Assessment of the Role of Different Soil Properties on Crust Strength by Linear Regression Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
MINAKSHI SERAWAT ◽  
V K PHOGAT ◽  
ANIL Abdul KAPOOR ◽  
VIJAY KANT SINGH ◽  
ASHA SERAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dispersion Ratio ◽  
Crust Strength

Soil crust strength influences seedling emergence, penetration and morphology of plant roots, and, consequently, crop yields. A study was carried out to assess the role of different soil properties on crust strength atHisar, Haryana, India. The soil samples from 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths were collected from 21 locations from farmer’s fields, having a wide range of texture.Soil propertieswere evaluated in the laboratory and theirinfluence on the modulus of rupture (MOR), which is the measure of crust strength, was evaluated.The MOR of texturally different soils was significantly correlated with saturated hydraulic conductivity at both the depths. Dispersion ratio was found to decrease with an increase in fineness of the texture of soil and the lowest value was recorded in silty clay loam soil,which decreased with depth. The modulus of rupture was significantly negatively correlative with the dispersion ratio.There was no role of calcium carbonate in influencing the values of MOR of soils. Similarly,the influence of pH, EC and SAR of soil solution on MOR was non-significant.A perusal of thevalues of the correlations between MOR and different soil properties showed that the MOR of soils of Haryana are positively correlated with silt + clay (r = 0.805) followed by water-stable aggregates (r = 0.774), organic carbon (r = 0.738), silt (r = 0.711), mean weight diameter (r = 0.608) and clay (r = 0.593) while negatively correlated with dispersion ratio (r = - 0.872), sand (r = -0.801) and hydraulic conductivity (r = -0.752) of soils.

scholarly journals Características e propriedades dos solos relevantes para os estudos pedológicos e análise dos processos erosivos

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Antonio José Teixeira Guerra ◽  
Rosangela Garrido Machado Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Factors Of Soil Formation

This paper regards the role of soil characteristics and properties on pedological surveys and soil erosion investigations. Therefore, the main factors of soil formation are here discussed. Furthermore, the main chemical and physical soil properties are also taken into consideration, in order to approach this subject. Finally, some erosion processes are also carried out, together with the main erosion forms and the environmental impacts caused by these associated processes.

Cropmarks used in aerial archaeology as special spatial indicators of soil features potentially applicable in soil mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mátyás Árvai ◽  
Zoltán Czajlik ◽  
János Mészáros ◽  
Balázs Nagy ◽  
László Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research

<p>Cropmarks are a major factor in the effectiveness of traditional aerial archaeology. The positive and negative features shown up by cropmarks are the role of the different cultivated plants and the importance of precipitation and other elements of the physical environment. In co-operation with the experts of the Eötvös Loránd University a new research was initiated to compare the pedological features of cropmark plots (CMP) and non-cropmark plots (nCMP) in order to identify demonstrable differences between them. For this purpose, the spatial soil information on primary soil properties provided by DOSoReMI.hu was employed. To compensate for the inherent vagueness of spatial predictions, together with the fact that the definition of CMPs and nCMPs is somewhat indefinite, the comparisons were carried out using data-driven, statistical approaches. In the first round three pilot areas were investigated, where Chernozem and Meadow type soils proved to be correlated with the formation of cropmarks. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Random Forest models showed a different relative predominance of pedological variables in each study area. The geomorphological differences between the study areas explain these variations satisfactorily. In the next round, the identified relationships between cropmarking and soil features are planned to be utilized in the spatial inference of soil properties, where crop-marking sites will represent a unique, spatially non-exhaustive auxiliary information.</p>

The Maoist people's war and conservation in Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Baral ◽  
Joel T. Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
Developed Nations

Civil wars are frequent in lesser-developed nations, wherein is harbored a disproportionate share of the world's biodiversity. These wars have had serious detrimental effects, direct and indirect, on conservation programs. From 2001 to 2005, we conducted site visits, personal interviews, and document searches bearing upon this problem as exemplified by Nepal's ongoing Maoist insurgency. Cases of insurgents usurping full control of several protected areas have come to light, as has a rapid increase in poaching and illicit wildlife trade nation-wide. Staff and infrastructure of conservation agencies and non-governmental organizations have been attacked. The Nepalese situation invites reassessment of traditional “fortresses-and-fines” conservation strategies as well as more modern “community-based” approaches that require local governmental offices to remain functional. Also called into question is the role of military force in the protection of parks and reserves. In times of civil strife, we conclude, robust conservation may most likely be achieved by nongovernmental organizations that are politically neutral and financially independent.

scholarly journals Global chemical weathering and associated P-release — The role of lithology, temperature and soil properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 363 ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Hartmann ◽  
Nils Moosdorf ◽  
Ronny Lauerwald ◽  
Matthias Hinderer ◽  
A. Joshua West
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
P Release

scholarly journals Tillage erosion: a review of controlling factors and implications for soil quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Oost ◽  
G. Govers ◽  
S. De Alba ◽  
T. A. Quine
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
Tillage Erosion

Tillage erosion has been identifed as an important global soil degradation process that has to be accounted for when assessing the erosional impacts on soil productivity, environmental quality or landscape evolution. In this paper, we present a summary of available data describing tillage erosion. This provides insights in the controlling factors determining soil redistribution rates and patterns by tillage for various implements used in both mechanized and non-mechanized agriculture. Variations in tillage depth and tillage direction cause the largest variations in soil redistribution rates, although other factors, such as tillage speed and implement characteristics, also play an important role. In general, decreasing tillage depth and ploughing along the contour lines substantially reduce tillage erosion rates and can be considered as effective soil conservation strategies. Implement erosivities reported in literature, characterized by the tillage transport coeffcient, are very consistent and range in the order of 400–800 kg m-1yr-1 and 70–260 kg m-1yr-1 for mechanized and nonmechanized agriculture, respectively. Comparison of tillage erosion rates with water erosion rates using a global data set indicates that tillage erosion rates are at least in the same order of magnitude or higher than water erosion rates, in almost all cases. Finally, we discuss how tillage erosion increases the spatial variability of soil properties and affects soil nutrient cycling. Considering the widespread use of tillage practices, the high redistribution rates associated with the process and its direct effect on soil properties, it is clear that tillage erosion should be considered in soil landscape studies.

Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Improving Host Grass Resistance Ability and Soil Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (26) ◽  
pp. 6944-6955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
Wenpeng Hou ◽  
Michael J. Christensen ◽  
Xiuzhang Li ◽  
Chao Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Epichloë Endophytes

Management-induced soil water erosion and nutrient losses in different land use in Mediterranean environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bogunovic ◽  
Leon Josip Telak ◽  
Paulo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Olive Orchard

<p>Soil erosion by water is one of the most important degradation processes. Land use has important effects on soil properties, therefore it is key to identify the type of management that have more impacts and find solutions to mitigate it. In order to understand the effects of land use management on soil and soil erosion in the Istria region (Croatia), we studied the impacts of different agriculture practices (vineyard, cropland, and olive orchard) on soil properties and runoff. The simulated rainfall was carried out at 58 mm h<sup>−1</sup> in the summer of 2018 (30% soil water content) for 30 min on 0.785 m<sup>2</sup> circular plots. The results showed that bulk density was significantly higher in cropland plots than in the vineyard and olive orchard. Soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, and aggregate stability were significantly higher in olive orchard plots than in the vineyard and cropland. Runoff and sediment losses were higher in olive orchard compared to vineyard plots. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses were highest in olive orchard plots with 3.9 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, 405.2 g ha<sup>-1</sup> and 73.6 g ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, while lower values were measured in the vineyard plots, where nutrients losses were lower with 0.9 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, 73.8 g ha<sup>-1</sup> and 6.5 g ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. No runoff was observed in cropland plots. Even with the highest measured values of runoff and erosion in the herbicide treated olive orchard, results indicate that both herbicide application and tillage represent a threat to the sustainability of Istrian soils. Vegetation cover on cropland reduces the runoff generation indicating the need for adoption of conservation strategies. In current management, vegetation removal should be avoided since it contributes to practice to reduce nutrient losses and increase the sustainability of the soils.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Soil water erosion, Soil tillage, Rainfall simulation, Agriculture land management, Mediterranean</p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p> </p><p>This work was supported by Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO).</p>

scholarly journals Disentangling above- and below-ground facilitation drivers in arid environments: the role of soil microorganisms, soil properties and microhabitat

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Cristina Armas ◽  
Sara Hortal ◽  
Fernando Casanoves ◽  
Francisco I. Pugnaire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Below Ground
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