scholarly journals The Effect of Bilingualism and Multilingualism on Academic Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Mahzoun
Keyword(s):  
Academic Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism

The phenomenon of bilingualism and the effect of it on general and academic purposes is not something that anyone could deny, in one aspect being able to participate and understand others and convey your massage to them is one thing and in another aspect, communicate effectively is other important element in effective relations. In this article researcher strongly claims that if bilinguals and monolinguals evaluate their success in business or in academic places, you could easily understand that the winners are bilinguals because of their ability to understand and create a positive and effective relation with others. They should be more successful in their business and communicate with all peoples around the world.

scholarly journals Rozpowszechnianie, zachowywanie i nauczanie języka polskiego w świecie w latach 1918–2018, część III: Badania zbiorowości polonijnych, ich języka i kultury, bilingwizmu polsko-obcego oraz nauczania polszczyzny w świecie w latach 1970–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3/2020(772)) ◽  
pp. 7-33
Author(s):  
Władysław T. Miodunka
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The State ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Polish Foreign

Part three of the paper concerning the Polish language around the world in the period 1918–2018 is dedicated to discussing academic studies analysing the process of preserving and passing on the Polish language in the countries where Polish communities have settled, dissertations on Polish-foreign bilingualism in Sweden, Brazil, Austria, Argentina, Australia, France, Germany, UK, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine, and fi nally, studies describing teaching Polish as a foreign language, as a heritage language, and as a second language. Part one of the paper concerning the Polish language around the world in the period 1918–2018 ended with the statement that the ambitious action plans of the pre-war Polish authorities lacked the base in the form of the knowledge of the transformations of the Polish communities all over the world and aid for teaching Polish as a foreign language. Part three presents the important sociolinguistic output referring to the Polish language across the world, Polish-foreign bilingualism, and multilingualism, and fi nally, to teaching Polish as a foreign, second, and heritage language, which contributes to the fl ourishing Polish glottodidactics. There are currently no ambitious actions on the part of the state authorities addressing the evolving Polish glottodidactics, which relies on ad-hoc undertakings of university glottodidactics centres.

Lowering the Barriers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harm De Blij
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Changes Over Time

Becoming conscious of one’s cultural and physical environments early in life involves fast-developing recognition of circumstances malleable and immutable. By the time we are about six years old, our brain is about as big as it will be for the duration, but its maturation goes on for many years more. The language-learning ability of young children, the subject of numerous studies and much speculation, undoubtedly connects this process; youngsters are able to recollect facts and vocabularies but cannot match adults or even adolescents in conceptualizing context or relationships. While we quickly learn to use words to gain immediate objectives such as nourishment or affection, it takes much longer to begin forming an understanding of our place and its (apparently) fixed attributes. Thus our perception of place changes over time, as do the opportunities to counter its formative impress. Bilingualism and multilingualism already are a key to upward mobility and will be more so in the future; exposing children in their earliest years of learning to a language other than the mother tongue will endow them with potentially immense advantages. Religious fanaticism is intensifying in many parts of the world; protecting children against it in their early years gives them the chance to develop their contextual abilities before being exposed to it. Religious leaders of all faiths would do well to consider the divine potential of pronouncements that assert the superiority of their particular beliefs and rituals over others. Pope Benedict in the spring of 2007 declared that Roman Catholicism afforded the only true route to salvation and that all other (Christian) approaches are “defective,” a proclamation Christianity and the world could have done without. Drilling into children that “there is no god but Allah” closes young minds to the religious convergence that should be the hope of all believers. It may not be absolutely true that “religion poisons everything,” the subtitle of an angry book on the topic, but religious males in medieval outfits do misuse their powers to erect barriers that last lifetimes. The power of place defines an aggregate of circumstances and conditions ranging from cultural traditions to natural phenomena, into which we are born, with which we cope, and from which we derive our own multiple identities.

Towards a coherent methodology for the documentation of small-scale multilingualism: Dealing with speech data

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110231
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Di Carlo ◽  
Rachel A. Ojong Diba ◽  
Jeff Good
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Linguistic Approaches

Purpose: To contribute to the establishment of a novel approach to language documentation that includes bilingual and multilingual speech data. This approach would open this domain of study to work by specialists of bilingualism and multilingualism. Approach: Within language documentation, the approach adopted in this paper exemplifies the “contemporary communicative ecology” mode of documentation. This radically differs from the “ancestral-code” mode of documentation that characterizes most language documentation corpora. Within the context of multilingualism studies, this paper advocates for the inclusion of a strong ethnographic component to research on multilingualism. Data and Analysis: The data presented comes from a context characterized by small-scale multilingualism, and the analyses provided are by and large focused on uncovering aspects of local metapragmatics. Conclusions: Conducting language documentation in contexts of small-scale multilingualism requires that the adequacy of a corpus is assessed with regard to sociolinguistic, rather than only structural linguistic, requirements. The notion of sociolinguistic adequacy is discussed in detail in analytical terms and illustrated through an example taken from ongoing research led by the authors. Originality: To date, there are no existing publications reviewing in the detail provided here how the documentation of multilingual speech in contexts of small-scale multilingualism should be structured. The contribution is highly original, in particular, for its theoretical grounding of the proposed approach. Significance/Implications: This article can serve as a reference for those interested in methodological and theoretical concerns relating to the practice of language documentation in contexts of small-scale multilingualism across the world. It may also help clarify ways for sociolinguists to engage more closely with work on language documentation, a domain that has thus far remained primarily informed by structural linguistic approaches.

scholarly journals Multilingualism and Language Choice in Domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesso Berisso Genemo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Different Parts

Experts know that multilingualism is not the so-called minority phenomenon as many people think it to be. Although it is difficult to provide the exact statistical data on the multilingual speakers and distribution of multilingualism in the world, sociolinguists and linguists estimate that there are roughly around 6000 languages in the world. The focus of this book chapter is to succinctly present the sociolinguistic aspects of language choice and use of multilingual speakers in various domains. Besides, concepts such as bilingualism and multilingualism and their dynamics in the field of sociolinguistics have been critically been reviewed and presented from the theoretical and empirical perspectives. Further, some of the relevant issues related to language choice and use in multilingual speech communities in different parts of the globe are reviewed and included. Furthermore, factors inducing multilingualism among different speech communities and individuals have been reviewed and finally, recent developments and dynamics toward the spread of multilingualism in various parts of the world are also presented in the chapter.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE SITUATION IN DARGO: STATE, SPECIFICITY, STUDY ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Kh.A. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Specificity Study ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism

The article is devoted to an overview of the linguistic situation in Dargo, namely to the problems of the state, specificity and study of the linguistic situation. The degree of study of the ethno-regional linguistic picture of the world is shown. Particular attention is paid to the development and functioning of bilingualism and multilingualism among the Dargins. Attention is also drawn to such a region-specific feature as Russian-Dargin bilingualism, as well as the functioning of dialectal linguistic forms and the importance of studying RussianDargin language contacts. The need to support the codified form of the Dargin language is noted.

scholarly journals Emotions and Illocutionary Acts Used by Polytechnic Students in Describing Online Learning Issue

ELT-Lectura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Zainal Arifin Renaldo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

As COVID-19 Pandemic hit the world, many fields of life need to face some changes. One of the affected areas is academic activity. Since the beginning of the outbreak, academic activity has been switched from class meeting to online meeting. There are various reactions towards the change of academic behavior among students. This article is aimed at classifying the emotions carried out in illocutionary acts used by the students of Politeknik Caltex Riau in regards to online learning issue which manifest in their writing. This research is a descriptive qualitative analysis in which data were collected from students’ essay writing under the selected topic. From 30 articles of students’ essay writing, 59 sentences were taken as data source. In analyzing the emotional classification, Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence is used. Together with this theory, Speech Acts Theory by Yule (2000) and Illocutionary Acts Theory by Searle (1997) are used. The result of the study shows that there are four kinds of illocutionary acts used by the students in their writing with expressives appeared to be the most frequent illocutionary acts followed by representatives, directives and commissives respectively. There are five emotional classifications manifest in students’ writing i.e. love, anger, enjoyment, sadness, and irritability. Illocutionary acts, emotions

scholarly journals Towards multilingualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
John Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
The Real ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
Cognitive Consequences ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

There has been a development in both scholarly and popular attention to language capabilities and their alleged cognitive consequences. Emphasis, both theoretical and applied, was initially given to monolingual fluencies. Indeed, the sense that monolingualism is still somehow the default norm remains in some ‘large-language’ contexts. A second stage, as it were, arose when serious consideration began to be given to bilingualism—a phase surely long overdue, given the real-life circumstances that have always prevailed around the world. One of the most interesting aspects of this phase has been the apparent empirical demonstration that bilingualism correlates with cognitive advantage. Although this seems a welcome corrective to earlier and quite opposite views, the evidence turns out to be far from unequivocal. It now appears likely that, while expanded linguistic repertoires are of course beneficial, there are no simple correspondences between languages known and cognitive capacities. Research on bilingualism and multilingualism, at both individual and social levels, is now routine.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

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