scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Adipocyte-Derived Hormone, Leptin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reji Manjunathan ◽  
Dharanibalan Kasiviswanathan ◽  
Jayaraman Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The adipocyte derived hormone leptin is known for its pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions mainly associated with metabolism and energy homeostasis. One of the major functions of leptin is pertain with its angiogenic induction in support of organ development as well as under pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Leptin is a well-known pro-angiogenic growth factor which exerts its role through Ob-R receptor present on endothelial cells. The therapeutic application of leptin is based on its potential to maintain various functions at pathological conditions. In this book chapter, the multi-diversity potentials of leptin are discussed in detail.

Effects of Angiogenic Growth Factor Combinations on Retinal Endothelial Cells☆

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Castellon ◽  
Hamdi K Hamdi ◽  
Ingrid Sacerio ◽  
Annette M Aoki ◽  
M Cristina Kenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factor ◽  
Retinal Endothelial Cells

scholarly journals Pericyte-Endothelial Interactions in the Retinal Microvasculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7413
Author(s):  
Hu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature

Retinal microvasculature is crucial for the visual function of the neural retina. Pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) are the two main cellular constituents in the retinal microvessels. Formation, maturation, and stabilization of the micro-vasculatures require pericyte-endothelial interactions, which are perturbed in many retinal vascular disorders, such as retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pericyte-endothelial interaction and perturbation can facilitate the design of therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of retinal vascular disorders. Pericyte-endothelial interactions are indispensable for the integrity and functionality of retinal neurovascular unit (NVU), including vascular cells, retinal neurons, and glial cells. The essential autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB), Notch, Angipointein, Norrin, and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), have been well characterized for the regulation of pericyte-endothelial interactions in the neo-vessel formation processes (vasculogenesis and angiogenesis) during embryonic development. They also play a vital role in stabilizing and remodeling mature vasculature under pathological conditions. Awry signals, aberrant metabolisms, and pathological conditions, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, can disrupt the communication between pericytes and endothelial cells, thereby resulting in the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and other microangiopathies. The emerging evidence supports extracellular exosomes’ roles in the (mis)communications between the two cell types. This review summarizes the essential knowledge and updates about new advancements in pericyte-EC interaction and communication, emphasizing the retinal microvasculature.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces rapid prourokinase (pro-uPA) activation on the surface of endothelial cells

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Prager ◽  
Johannes M. Breuss ◽  
Stefan Steurer ◽  
Judit Mihaly ◽  
Bernd R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factor ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the pivotal angiogenic growth factor activating endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate, and form capillary tubes. For an ordered endothelial cell migration, tissue invasion, and degradation of the extracellular matrix, proteolytic machinery is indispensable. Such machinery, suitable for localized proteolysis, is provided by the prourokinase-urokinase-plasmin system. Prourokinase (pro-uPA), the initial component of this system, is, however, synthesized in its inactive precursor form and as such bound to its cellular receptor uPAR. Here we identify a mechanism via which VEGF165 interacting with its receptor VEGFR-2 rapidly induces prourokinase activation that is dependent on a change in integrin affinity, activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and pro-uPA being bound to its surface receptor uPAR. This VEGF-induced pro-uPA activation on endothelial cells is responsible for VEGF-dependent local fibrinolytic activity and might be one of the initial steps in the angiogenic process. (Blood. 2004;103:955-962)

Wnt2 acts as an angiogenic growth factor for non-sinusoidal endothelial cells and inhibits expression of stanniocalcin-1

Angiogenesis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Klein ◽  
Alexandra Demory ◽  
Francis Peyre ◽  
Jens Kroll ◽  
Cyrill Géraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factor ◽  
Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Insight into the roles of hepatoma derived growth factor related protein-3 under physiological and pathological conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
Heba M. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Mitogenic Activity ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Mitogenic Factor ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

Hepatoma derived growth factor related protein-3 (HRP-3) is a HDGF growth factor family member that is expressed mainly in nervous tissues. It shares structural similarities with HDGF but differs in its expression and scope of action. It has recently attracted more attention due to its variable roles. HRP-3 was originally reported as a mitogenic factor. However, over the last decade, additional functions for this growth factor have been uncovered. In addition to its mitogenic activity, other physiological functions were discovered including those related to proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of neurons, presenting it as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factor. Interestingly, HRP-3 was also shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain tumors via its mitogenic, angiogenic, and antiapoptotic effects. Based on this, HRP-3 represents a molecule that can be targeted for the treatment of cancer and various neurodegenerative diseases.

Insulinlike growth factor action and production in adipocytes and endothelial cells from human adipose tissue

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Kern ◽  
M. E. Svoboda ◽  
R. H. Eckel ◽  
J. J. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulinlike Growth Factor
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