scholarly journals Landscape Genetics and Phytogeography of Criollo Avocadoes Persea americana from Northeast Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Saldamando-Benjumea ◽  
Gloria Patricia Cañas-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jorge Muñoz ◽  
Rafael Arango Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Threonine Kinase

Avocado (Persea americana) Mill represents one of the most consumed fruits around the world. This species has been differentiated into three main races Guatemalan, Mexican and West Indian according to several molecular markers. However, the interaction between genotypic and phenotypic traits of this crop is still unknown. For this reason, a landscape genetics analysis was made in 90 criollo trees from Northeast Colombia (Antioquia) with 14 microsatellites, sequencing of 3 nuclear loci, endo-1-4-D-glucanase (Cell), Chalcone synthase (CHS) and serine-threonine-kinase (STK) and 28 morphological traits. High genetic diversity was found suggesting a hybrid origin of criollo trees. Morphological variation showed intermixed racial features. FST = 0.03, p =0.001 (measured with microsatellites) suggested low genetic differentiation. According to STRUCTURE, K = 2 for both microsatellites and concatenated nuclear sequences. Criollo trees were assigned together with the Guatemalan and Mexican races. Pearson correlation was significant between expected heterozygocities and elevation. Mantel test was low (r2 = 0.0097, p = 0.015) but significant demonstrating isolation by distance. Grafting is suitable between criollo trees and Hass variety is possible since both avocados are produced within the same altitudes.

scholarly journals High Level of Phenotypic Differentiation of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) Populations in the North-Western Part of the Balkan Peninsula

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Katarina Tumpa ◽  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Jasnica Medak ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Common or English yew (Taxus baccata L., Taxaceae) is a conifer species, native to Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor and Caucasus. It is a dioecious, wind-pollinated and animal-dispersed tree, known for its high-quality wood and medicinal properties, albeit poisonous. The species is rare and has been legally protected at the European and national levels. In addition, its low population density and disjunct character of distribution have reinforced the need for its protection as regeneration is mostly lacking. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterise the north-western Balkan yew populations. Phenotypic diversity was examined for seven populations, using morphometric analysis of nine phenotypic traits of needles. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the inter- and intrapopulation variability. In addition, to test correlations between geographic, climatic and phenotypic data, Mantel test was used. We identified a geographic structure across studied populations that exhibited high levels of variability on intra- and interpopulation levels. Two groups of populations have been defined and are consistent with previously described genetic divergent lineages from separate refugia. In addition, a significant correlation between phenotypic and geographic data were revealed, i.e., isolation by distance (IBD). However, the Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between morphometric and environmental data. In conclusion, our data reveal that the historical events and persistent IBD acted in combination to produce the morphological patterns observed in common yew populations in the north-western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Finally, we suggested conservation measures to be implemented on a stand level, with habitat preservation as the main goal. In addition, ex situ conservation should be considered, both in the form of collections and urban planting, as both provide additional gene pool reserves.

scholarly journals The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Bo Shi ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Narrow Endemic

One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.

Ability of PknA, a mycobacterial eukaryotic-type serine/threonine kinase, to transphosphorylate MurD, a ligase involved in the process of peptidoglycan biosynthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 415 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghna Thakur ◽  
Pradip K. Chakraborti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Solid Phase Binding

Eukaryotic-type serine/threonine protein kinases in bacteria have been implicated in controlling a host of cellular activities. PknA is one of eleven such protein kinases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis which regulates morphological changes associated with cell division. In the present study we provide the evidence for the ability of PknA to transphosphorylate mMurD (mycobacterial UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine:D-glutamate-ligase), the enzyme involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Its co-expression in Escherichia coli along with PknA resulted in phosphorylation of mMurD. Consistent with these observations, results of the solid-phase binding assays revealed a high-affinity in vitro binding between the two proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of m-murD in Mycobacterium smegmatis yielded a phosphorylated protein. The results of the present study therefore point towards the possibility of mMurD being a substrate of PknA.

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