Anatomy, Sonographic Features, and Dimensional Variations of Spleen among Individuals with Different Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Measurement

The spleen is a vital lymphoid soft organ located in the left hypochondrium region. It is a multi-dimensional organ that enlarges in all dimensions during some disease conditions. Recently, splenomegaly prevalence has been increasing throughout the world. Due to the lack of attention in clinical practice, splenomegaly has become quite a common problem in all parts of the world. The detection of the spleen by palpation is not approval of enlarged spleen because normal spleen may be palpable. A detailed knowledge of morphometric variations of the spleen is of great value in diagnosing splenomegaly clinically, radiologically, and for surgical procedures. Measurement of spleen size by sonography is important as it gives true result than splenic palpation and for identification of disorders present with enlargement or reduction of the spleen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anatomy, sonography, and dimensional variation of spleen among individuals with different sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements. The current study reviews different types of literature conducted on spleen all over the world. The result from overall spleen dimensions review shows measurements vary: spleen length (7–14 cm), spleen width (2–7.5 cm), spleen thickness (2–7 cm), and spleen volume (20–350 cm3). The literature revealed that spleen dimensions are affected by geographical differences, races, nutritional status, physical exercise, and anthropometric measurements. The result from reviews shows that spleen dimensions are larger in males than females. As age increases, spleen dimensions significantly decrease. Spleen dimensions positively correlate with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface of individuals. The spleen dimensions were higher in males than in females and have significant positive correlation with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. Clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons should confirm splenomegaly by both palpation and sonography. Spleen dimensions variation due to geographical sex, age, and other anthropometric measurements should be taken into consideration during their clinical investigation. Radiologists should measure all dimensions of spleen rather than the length to rule out splenomegaly correctly.

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Comparison of anthropometric characteristics between world tour and professional continental cyclists

Journal Of Science & Cycling ◽

10.28985/181231.jsc.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Joshua Miller ◽

Kyle Susa

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Surface ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Professional Cyclist ◽

Previous Season ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The World ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Different Types

This study analyzed the physical characteristics of the World Tour (WT) and Professional Continental (PC) cyclists during the 2018 racing season. Seven hundred sixty-three professional riders (27.9 +4.2 years, 1.81 +0.06 m, 68.6 +6.33 kg) were compared for physical characteristics (i.e. age, height, and body mass). All riders were classified within specialties based upon UCI points ((grand champion (GC), sprinter (S), time trialists (TT), one-day racer (OD)) earned during the previous season. As expected there were differences between the rider’s specialty as well as the different elite divisions of riders. Further results showed that there was no difference in Body Mass Index (BMI; kg.m2) in all riders, however, TT riders in the WT had a significant difference in body surface area (BSA) and frontal area (FA) when compared to the TT riders in the PC division. In conclusion, the present study identified specific physical characteristic differences between the different types of professional cyclist levels of riders (WT vs. PC) and within their specialty.

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Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v25i1.166 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

S Jahan ◽

TR Das ◽

KB Biswas

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Body Mass ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

C Peptide ◽

Cord Serum ◽

The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

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Study regarding the bio-motor level and health of children from gymnasium level

SPORT AND SOCIETY ◽

10.36836/2020/1/13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Dan Alexandru Szabo

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Average Height ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Health Development ◽

Health Level ◽

Class Level ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Weight Problems

The investigation started from the need to find the level of bio-motor and health development in our Gymnasium School “Unirea” from Târgu Mureş. The research was also focused on discovering the children with BMI problems and finding the link between obesity and apparition of flat feet, spin and knee deficiencies. The methods of research were mainly experimental, we used anthropometric measurements of height, weight, body mass index and analyzed the parameters using statically and mathematical methods. The location of the study was the gymnasium level of the National College “Unirea” from Târgu Mureş, and involved 16 selected children with an average age 12.69 years old, 4 children with weight problems selected from every class level. The results of the investigation showed that the average height of the sample was 162.7 cm, weight 71 kg and a BMI average of 26.6. The BMI analyzed showed that obesity is an important factor in the apparition of other deficiencies, among students that were measured we also found 5 cases of kyphosis, 5 of scoliosis and 6 cases of flat feet. Conclusions of the investigation showed that BMI in youth is an important parameter in establishing the health level of children from gymnasium level and in preventing the apparition of the spine and feet deficiencies.

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Obesity in children and adolescents: diagnosis criteria

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet10170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 70-73

Author(s):

Olga V. Vasyukova

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Physical Development ◽

World Health ◽

Diagnostic Parameter ◽

International Group ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Diagnosis Criteria ◽

Obesity In Children

Currently in the world the main diagnostic parameter for assessing obesity is the magnitude of body mass index. In children, taking into account the growth and body weight indicators that dynamically change as the child grows up, it is common to use not absolute, but relative values of body mass index percentiles or standard deviations. The lecture examined various systems and methods for assessing the physical development of children in the world and in Russia domestic ones, R.N. Dorokhova and I.I. Bakhraha, World Health Organization (WHO), International Group for the Study of Obesity. A comparative analysis of the existing systems and the validity of the currently adopted Federal recommendations on the diagnosis of obesity in children based on the recommendations of WHO has been carried out.

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Orthopedic Problems in Overweight and Obese Children

Integrative Pediatrics and Child Care ◽

10.18314/ipcc.v1i1.1102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 05-07

Author(s):

GL Di Gennaro

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Body Mass ◽

The United States ◽

Obese Children ◽

The World ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Artery Disease

According to the data published by Haslam and James, about 10% of the world populations aged up to 18 areoverweight or obese [1]. In Europe, there are about 20% children with excessive body mass, 5% of whom sufferfrom obesity [2,3]. Childhood obesity is an ongoing epidemic in the United States [4,5]. The most recent data fromthe US indicate that 16.9% of children and adolescents are obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) for age >95thpercentile [6,7] and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity among children will reach 30% by 2030 [8].Childhood obesity is a risk factor for greater morbidity later in life, including diabetes, coronary artery disease andincreased mortality [4,5,9,10].

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Normal values of coronary arteries branching height in women

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2021-27(4)-06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

U.Ye. Pidvalna ◽

D.M. Beshley ◽

M.Z. Mirchuk ◽

L.R. Mateshuk-Vatseba

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Body Mass ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Body Surface ◽

Left Coronary Artery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Lower Edge ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Morphometric analysis of the structures of the aortic bulb and coronary arteries is necessary for the planning of cardiac surgery and endovascular interventions. The aim of the study was to determine the height of the coronary arteries branching in healthy women of Lviv city and Lviv region and to determine the relationship between the height of the location of the orifice of the coronary artery with anthropometric indicators. Fifteen computed tomography images with contrast of female thorax without heart and ascending aortic lesions (normal) were selected for the study. The height of the upper and lower edges of the coronary arteries was measured; height of Valsalva sinuses. The comparison of the mean values was performed according to the Student’s t-test. The correlation between the observed variables (age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area, height of the sinuses of Valsalva) was calculated using the Pearson linear correlation method (r). According to the study, the population group consisted of persons of the second period of adulthood (46.67 %) and the elderly (53.33 %). According to the body mass index, 80 % were overweight or obese I-II degree. The mean height of the coronary artery orifice in women without structural changes of the heart and ascending aorta was: 11.19±1.96 mm for the left and 11.68±1.80 mm for the right. The height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries were almost the same, without statistical significance (p=0.26). Analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery did not show a probable dependence on height, weight, age, body mass index and body surface area. There is a direct relationship between the parameters of the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery and the height of the upper edge of the right coronary artery (r=+0.75, p=0.001) and between the value of the lower edge of the left coronary artery and the upper edge of the left coronary artery (r=+0.63, p=0.01). Thus, the analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery in women in norm and anthropometric indicators did not show a significant relationship. There was no statistical significance between the indicators of the height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries in women.

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