scholarly journals Some Methods to Prevent the Wear of Piston-Cylinder When Using Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (LSFO) for All Ships Sailing on Emission Control Areas (ECAs)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Anh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Piston Cylinder

scholarly journals Bi-Objective Optimization of Vessel Speed and Route for Sustainable Coastal Shipping under the Regulations of Emission Control Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Zhao ◽  
Yujun Fan ◽  
Jingmiao Zhou ◽  
Haibo Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Vessel Speed

To comply with the regulations of emission control areas (ECAs), most operators have to switch to low-sulfur fuels inside the ECAs. Besides, a low-carbon objective is essential for long-term environmental protection; thus, is regarded as important as making profit. Therefore, the operators start making speed and route decisions under the two objectives of minimizing carbon emissions and maximizing profit. Drawing on existing methods, this paper formulates the profit and carbon emissions in sustainable coastal shipping, investigates the speed and route principles, and determines the best tradeoff between profit and carbon emissions. It is found that vessel speed should be set between emissions-optimum speed and profit-optimum speed, and the route must be selected in light of the speed decision. Next, the optimal choices of speed and route were examined under different scenarios and vessel types. The results show that the operation measures and objectives depend greatly on fuel price, vessel load, and vessel parameters. The operator should speed up the vessel if he/she wants to make more profit or if the scenario is favorable for profit making; e.g., low fuel price and high vessel load (LFHL). Large vessels should pursue more profit under LFHL conditions, without having to sail further outside the ECA. But this rule does not apply to small vessels. In addition, the operator should slow down the vessel inside the ECA and sail further, outside the ECA, with the growth in the price spread between marine gas oil (MGO) and heavy fuel oil (HFO), especially at a low HFO price. The research findings help operators to design operational measures that best suit the limit on sulfur content in fuel and the situation of the shipping market.

scholarly journals Research progress of monitoring technology of ship-source air pollutants in china emission control area

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Mao Tianyu ◽  
Li Yajuan ◽  
Chang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Port Area

I After the implementation of ship emissions control area, the urgent need for the practical monitoring technology. This paper comprehensively studies the international and domestic cases of ship emission control monitoring: The following methods are used: direct collection of fuel oil samples for analysis, collection of ship exhaust samples and analysis, remote sensing observation of ship exhaust and analysis, as well as the use of fixed-point monitoring station system to monitor air quality. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is used to analyze the fuel sulfur content directly, and the carbon balance method can be used to calculate the fuel oil content,. The fixed position monitoring system is a comprehensive monitoring method, which can effectively observe the influence of the emission of the ship exhaust on air quality, and evaluate the effect of the control area. Afterwards, the application should also be concerned about the effects of various methods of comparison, alternative measures and focus on the effect of tail gas treatment facilities assessment, enhanced port area environmental monitoring networks.

Remote detection sulfur content in fuel oil used by ships in emission control areas: A case study of the Yantian model in Shenzhen

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 109652
Author(s):  
Xin Peng ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Lichuan Wu ◽  
Chunhui Zhou ◽  
Yuanqiao Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Remote Detection

Design the prediction model of low-sulfur-content fuel oil consumption for M/V NORD VENUS 80,000 DWT sailing on emission control areas by artificial neural networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Anh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur

The international shipping transportation has an important position in the field of economical development in each nation. It has been presented by increasing the number of ships with sufficiency of sizes and kinds. This development always associates with the environmental pollution. The main reason for this that International Maritime Organization required all ships conform to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) and that they want their ships operate in the international routes. Especially, MARPOL 73/78, Annex VI—Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships, gradually impacts the limited value of low-sulfur-content fuel oil on ships no more than 0.50% m/m (mass by mass) from 1 January 2020, against the limit of 1.00% in effect up until 31 December 2014. Following the actual conditions, a lot of countries in the world have given the solutions in response to these above regulations. In Vietnam, VINIC shipping transportation company also has the solution in changing-over procedures from heavy fuel oil into light heavy fuel oil with low-sulfur content for bulk carriers. Based on the development of science and technology nowadays, especially machine learning method, the author has designed prediction model of low-sulfur-content fuel oil consumption by applying artificial neural networks model. The object of this study is a bulk carrier of VINIC shipping transportation company in Vietnam with ship name M/V NORD VENUS 80,000 DWT. The mass of low-sulfur-content fuel oil consumption has been recorded and compared with the results collected in this research when ship sailed on emission control areas. The simulation results of prediction model have been represented on artificial neural networks tool of MATLAB program. The advantage of this model will be represented through comparing with traditional statistical regression methods. The artificial neural networks prediction model of low-sulfur-content fuel oil consumption is more reliable than other traditional methods. The traditional statistical regression methods have been supported in this case by Minitab software. The superior model will save the low-sulfur-content fuel oil on bulk carriers and reduce the sea environmental pollution. This article will be an initial basis for applying the different types of ships when sailing on emission control areas in the future.

scholarly journals Forty years of improvements in European air quality: the role of EU policy–industry interplay

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 20245-20285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crippa ◽  
G. Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
F. Dentener ◽  
D. Guizzardi ◽  
K. Sindelarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) v4.3 global anthropogenic emissions inventory of several gaseous (SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and NH3) and particulate (PM10, PM2.5, black and organic carbon (BC and OC)) air pollutants for the period 1970–2010 is used to develop retrospective air pollution emission scenarios to quantify the roles and contributions of changes in fuels consumption, technology, end-of-pipe emission reduction measures and their resulting impact on health and crop yields. This database presents changes in activity data, fuels and air pollution abatement technology for the past 4 decades, using international statistics and following guidelines for bottom-up emission inventory at the Tier 1 and Tier 2 levels with region-specific default values. With two further retrospective scenarios we assess (1) the impact of the technology and end-of-pipe (EOP) reduction measures in the European Union (EU) by considering a stagnation of technology with constant emission factors from 1970 and with no further abatement measures and improvement in European emissions standards, but fuel consumption occurring at historical pace, and (2) the impact of increased fuel consumption by considering unchanged energy use with constant fuel consumption since 1970, but technological development and end-of-pipe reductions. Our scenario analysis focuses on the three most important and most regulated sectors (power generation, the manufacturing industry and road transport), which are subject of multi-pollutant EU Air Quality regulations. If technology and European EOP reduction measures had stagnated at 1970 levels, EU air quality in 2010 would have suffered from 129 % higher SO2, 71 % higher NOx and 69 % higher PM2.5 emissions, demonstrating the large role of technology in reducing emissions in 2010. However, if fuel consumption had remained constant starting in 1970, the EU would have benefited from current technology and emission control standards, with reductions in NOx by even 13 % more. Such further savings are not observed for SO2 and PM2.5. If the EU consumed the same amount of fuels as in 1970 but with the current technology and emission control standards, then the emissions of SO2 and PM2.5 would be 42 % respectively 10 % higher. This scenario shows the importance for air quality of abandoning heavy residual fuel oil and shifting fuel types (from, e.g., coal to gas) in the EU. A reduced-form TM5-FASST (Fast Screening Scenario Tool based on the global chemical Transport Model 5) is applied to calculate regional and global levels of aerosol and ozone concentrations and to assess the impact of air quality improvements on human health and crop yield loss, showing substantial impacts of export of EU technologies and standards to other world regions.

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Microstructure as Determined by A Scanning Ion Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
J.K. Lampert ◽  
G.S. Koermer ◽  
J.M. Macaoy ◽  
J.M. Chabala ◽  
R. Levi-Setti
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Ion Probe ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The University ◽  
High Spatial Resolution Imaging

We have used high spatial resolution imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to differentiate mineralogical phases and to investigate chemical segregations in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst particles. The oil industry relies on heterogeneous catalysis using these catalysts to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions into high quality gasoline and fuel oil components. Catalyst performance is strongly influenced by catalyst microstructure and composition, with different chemical reactions occurring at specific types of sites within the particle. The zeolitic portions of the particle, where the majority of the oil conversion occurs, can be clearly distinguished from the surrounding silica-alumina matrix in analytical SIMS images.The University of Chicago scanning ion microprobe (SIM) employed in this study has been described previously. For these analyses, the instrument was operated with a 40 keV, 10 pA Ga+ primary ion probe focused to a 30 nm FWHM spot. Elemental SIMS maps were obtained from 10×10 μm2 areas in times not exceeding 524s.

INFLAMMATION, CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION, AND DEATH IN MONOCROTALINE-TREATED RATS FOLLOWING FUEL OIL FLY ASH INHALATION

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Killingsworth ◽  
Francesca Alessandrini ◽  
G. G. Krishna Murthy ◽  
Paul J. Catalano ◽  
Joseph D. Paulauskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Chemokine Expression ◽  
Oil Fly Ash

The Principles of Fuel Oil Engines—II

1913 ◽  
Vol 76 (1960supp) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
C. F. Hirshfeld
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PEMOTONG RUMPUT TENAGA SURYA UNTUK NAVIGASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
John Ohoiwutun
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Kinematics And Dynamics ◽  
Control Input ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Coal Fuel

Utilization of conventional energy sources such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas and others on the one hand has a low operating cost, but on the other side of the barriers is the greater source of diminishing returns and, more importantly, the emergence of environmental pollution problems dangerous to human life. This study aims to formulate the kinematics and dynamics to determine the movement of Solar Power Mower. In this study, using solar power as an energy source to charge the battery which then runs the robot. Design and research was conducted in the Department of Mechanical Workshop Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin of Gowa. Control system used is a manual system using radio wave transmitter and receiver which in turn drive the robot in the direction intended. Experimental results showed that treatment with three variations of the speed of 6.63 m / s, 8.84 m / s and 15.89 m / sec then obtained the best results occur in grass cutting 15.89 sec and high-speed cutting grass 5 cm. Formulation of kinematics and dynamics for lawn mowers, there are 2 control input variables, x and y ̇ ̇ 3 to control the output variables x, y and θ so that there is one variable redudant. Keywords: mobile robots, lawn mower, solar power

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