scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Emissions on the Respiratory System: Secrets and Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Hajirasouliha ◽  
Dominika Zabiegaj
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Epithelial Barriers ◽  
Cook Stoves

Human health has been affected adversely by air pollution as a serious environmental challenge. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution mainly resulted from human activities (e.g., fuel combustion, heat generation, industrial facilities) causes 4.2 million deaths every year. Moreover, each year, 3.8 million people die from indoor air pollution which means household exposure to smoke from fuels and dirty cook stoves. They are the risks of stroke, heart attack, lung disease, or cancer that resulted from air pollution which assaults our brain, heart, and lungs using its invisible weapons named particulate matter (PM). These inhalable particles are of a nanoscale or microscale size. Upon inhalation, the air with its components enters the human body through the respiratory system. The lungs are the responsible organs for gas exchange with blood. Inhaled particles, such as silica, organic compounds, and metallic dusts, have toxic effects on our pulmonary system. For example, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and central nervous system through the penetration of the epithelial barriers in the lungs has been observed. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the toxic effects of air particles on the different organs in the human body and to introduce some of the adverse effects of air pollution on human health.

Novel Technologıes and Nanotoxıcology of Medıcal Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Akçan ◽  
Halit Canberk Aydogan ◽  
Mahmut Şerif Yıldırım ◽  
Burak Taştekin ◽  
Necdet Sağlam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Technological Developments

Background/aim: Use of nanomaterials in the healthcare applications increases in parallel to technological developments. It is frequently utilized in diagnostic procedures, medications and in therapeutic implementations. Nanomaterials take place among key components of medical implants, which might be responsible for certain toxic effects on human health at nano-level. In this review, nanotoxicological effects, toxicity determination of nanobiomaterials used in human body and their effects on human health are discussed. Material and Method: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per nanomaterials and medical implants. Results and Conclusion: The nanotoxic effects of the materials applied to human body and the determination of its toxicity are important. Determination of toxicity for each nanomaterial requires a detailed and multifactorial assessment considering the properties of these materials. There are limited studies in the literature regarding the toxic effects of nanomaterials used in medical implants. Although these implants are potentially biocompatible and biodegradable, it is highly important to discuss nanotoxicological characteristics of medical implant.

scholarly journals Association between Human Health and Indoor Air Pollution in Saudi Arabia: Indoor Environmental Quality Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Mohd Saleem ◽  
Mohd Adnan Kausar ◽  
Fahmida Khatoon ◽  
Sadaf Anwar ◽  
Syed Monowar Alam Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality

In many aspects of life quality, bio-contaminants and indoor air quality have had catastrophic consequences, including a negative impact on human health with an increased prevalence of allergic respiratory reactions, asthma, and infectious diseases. We aimed to evaluate the quality of indoor air environment and find out the association between human health and indoor air pollution and also to assess the physical health status of a group of Saudi and non-Saudi populations during this pandemic. Also, we aimed to assess the most common health condition or symptoms associated with ventilation. A questionnaire was distributed online to test indoor air quality, ventilation status, common signs and symptoms of any allergy or mental status and their relationship to certain variables. A total of 362 respondents were included. Before living in the current home, flu or Influenza and chapped lips were more prevalent than allergies and chapped lips signs while living in the current home. (12.2% , 10.8% vs. 18.5% , 13.55% before and after respectively) Multiple colds were the second most common symptom (10.2%). Hoarse voice and headaches were the least common symptoms experienced; each constituted 4.4%. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, most respondents wore a facemask, approximately 76.5%; and almost one-third of respondents had bright natural light inside the current home (43.1%). The presence of natural light within the current home was significantly associated with symptoms experienced during living in the current house (p<0.05). Natural sunlight exposure could decrease allergic symptoms and minor health problems associated with poor ventilation and air quality indoors. In current living homes, the majority of respondents never used air purifiers (72.9 percent). In order to get attention from people to enhance the quality and ventilation mechanism of indoor air, special care and awareness of the effects of the use of air purifiers on human health is needed.

The Research Progress of Heavy Metals in PM2.5

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na Shi ◽  
Xun Xu ◽  
Xiao Yan Dou ◽  
Xu Dong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Depth Study

PM2.5 is one of the most important components in air pollution. It is also the focus of the most closely watched at home and abroad. Based on its small size, complex components, and strongenvironmental activity, it can be used as a carrier for chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria, toxins and carcinogens into the body. Then, as a result, it will affect Human Body Health. Heavy metals are important components of PM2.5, and the long-term accumulation of heavy metals in PM2.5 poses a great threat on human health and the environment. This paper reviewed the sources, distribution methods,chemical form, detection methods, disposal way, research progress of heavy metals in PM2.5. As a result, it provided a reference for in-depth study on the future.

scholarly journals Secondary product creation potential (SPCP): a metric for assessing the potential impact of indoor air pollution on human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Carslaw ◽  
David Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Secondary Product ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Product Creation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Secondary Product Creation Potential (SPCP): a new metric for ranking the impact of volatile organic compounds on indoor air chemistry and human health.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CLUSTER IONS AND AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Andris Skromulis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Atmospheric Air

Maximum permissible concentration of polluting substances in the atmospheric air is defined in the laws and regulations of many countries. The concentration of cluster ions from 400 to 3000 ions per m3 is generally considered to be appropriate for human health. The author of this article analyses potential cases when air enrichment with air ions could enhance air purification and influence favourably human health. The author also describes possible adverse effects when air ionisation can increase the harmful impact on human body, especially in situations when the concentration of polluting substances exceeds the maximum permissible level.

scholarly journals Design and Performance Evaluation of Rocket Stove for Cleaner Cooking in Rural Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassazin Ayalew Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cook Stoves

Abstract Background:Many rural households in Ethiopia use traditional three-stone stove which has low energy efficiency and incurs indoor air pollution. Despite the fact that improved cook stoves design variability was seen between producers appears, they have received little or no promotion work to improvements over open fire stoves. The aim of this research work is manufacturing and experimentally testing of rocket stove to make sure that the new design provides a major improvement within the prevailing cooking practices.Method:The rocket stove was developed as per the Aprovecho Research Center (USA) design principle the article focused on investigating the thermal performance, the specific fuel and emission reduction potential of rocket stove as compared to the three-stone stove so as to confirm the duplicability. Water boiling test were conducted to investigate the performance of developed rocket stove and emission characteristics were investigated using portable Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) monitoring device. The parameters and protocols were adjusted as per the Aprovecho design principles.Results:The result revealed that the rocket stove has 29% thermal efficiency, 43% reduction in specific fuel consumption, 42% CO and 81% PM2.5 emission reduction as compared to the well-known utilized traditional three-stone stove in Ethiopia. The experiment revealed that, the rocket stove average emission is 1.8 µg/m3 CO and 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 respectively. The emissions characteristic of our stove satisfies the WHO indoor air quality standard.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the prototype rocket stove has a substantial improvement over the three-stone stove with regards to thermal efficiency, CO and PM2.5 emissions. Furthermore, the stove can be manufactured locally within required thermal efficiency and emission levels. Therefore, shifting to rocket stoves could reduce pressure on forests and mitigate indoor pollutants emission.

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