scholarly journals Global Policy and Local Implementation: A Papua New Guinea Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Joskin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Global Education ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
Global Agenda

This chapter presents a report of global education policies driving reforms locally. The report is from a qualitative case study of an ‘Outcomes-based English Curriculum’s Implementation’ in two local school contexts in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Evidence was drawn from the author’s PhD thesis that used the constructivism and interpretivism lenses to give meanings to findings derived deductively and inductively. Data was both primary and secondary and consisted of: classroom observations, document analysis, field notes, structured interviews, post-observation interviews, and focus group discussions. Findings revealed: 1) Impacts of global agenda on local context, and, 2) Sustainability issues. Thus, this chapter stresses the need for collaborative professional development between stakeholders to sustain global education policies locally with the ‘Kibung Framework’.

scholarly journals Localizing international education agendas: Boys (still) underachieving in Jamaica’s secondary education

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Ellis ◽  
Edward Thomas
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Rural High Schools ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring

The literature on basic education emphasizes the need to improve enrollment and access to girls’ education in poorer countries. In Jamaica, the problem is not merely access to basic education but rather the quality of education outcomes, particularly for boys. Setting my research findings within the context of globalization and basic education, this paper explores the underachievement of boys within the contexts of international education policies at the domestic/national scale in Jamaica. Using a combination of participants’ responses drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers across two rural high schools in Jamaica, an analysis of secondary sources and (to a lesser extent) participant observations, we put forward a few claims regarding the process of ‘localizing’ ‘international’ education. It appears that global discourses in education (education for all) place demands on the local context – privilege girls, and the problem of lack of access to education and the overall the quality of experience. And therefore, the Jamaican state can ‘evade’ or palliatively address the ongoing problem of boys’ underachievement. The paper also highlights the effects of neoliberal restructuring in education as well as the inconsistencies between domestic/national and international education policies.

scholarly journals Investigating the Implementation Process of a Curriculum: A Case Study from Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Marisen Joskin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
English Education ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Port Moresby

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate how policy intentions of the curriculum were received and practiced by teachers and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation process. The study probed three levels of an implementation process of an Outcomes-Based English Education curriculum in two urban secondary schools in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The specific focus of implementation was on: the initial introduction process, teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, and classroom practices. This research was an exploratory one using focus group discussions, structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. A case study method was used; two qualitative studies situated within the constructivist and symbolic interactionism paradigms were used to probe alignment of policy with practice using the diffusion of innovation theoretical lenses. Content, discourse, and document analyses were used to give interpretations to themes resonating with the research focus; these themes were derived both deductively and inductively from data. Findings revealed that the curriculum change was challenging as policy expectations failed to align with practices. There were little shared meanings between teachers’ views and classroom practices; this lack of connection contradicted policy intentions. There also appeared to be no connection by policy makers of the inbuilt tensions inherent in the outcomes-based model of education adopted for PNG. In relation to this, findings from this study revealed the need for collaborative professional development if policy is to be aligned with practice. Hence, this study offers a working tool called a Kibung PD framework as a priority for curriculum implementation at the classroom level.</p>

scholarly journals Mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy strategies: experiences, challenges and lessons learnt in Papua New Guinea

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003747
Author(s):  
John D Hart ◽  
Viola Kwa ◽  
Paison Dakulala ◽  
Paulus Ripa ◽  
Dale Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Death Notification ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

Full notification of deaths and compilation of good quality cause of death data are core, sequential and essential components of a functional civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. In collaboration with the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), trial mortality surveillance activities were established at sites in Alotau District in Milne Bay Province, Tambul-Nebilyer District in Western Highlands Province and Talasea District in West New Britain Province.Provincial Health Authorities trialled strategies to improve completeness of death notification and implement an automated verbal autopsy methodology, including use of different notification agents and paper or mobile phone methods. Completeness of death notification improved from virtually 0% to 20% in Talasea, 25% and 75% using mobile phone and paper notification strategies, respectively, in Alotau, and 69% in Tambul-Nebilyer. We discuss the challenges and lessons learnt with implementing these activities in PNG, including logistical considerations and incentives.Our experience indicates that strategies to maximise completeness of notification should be tailored to the local context, which in PNG includes significant geographical, cultural and political diversity. We report that health workers have great potential to improve the CRVS programme in PNG through managing the collection of notification and verbal autopsy data. In light of our findings, and in consultation with the main government CRVS stakeholders and the National CRVS Committee, we make recommendations regarding the requirements at each level of the health system to optimise mortality surveillance in order to generate the essential health intelligence required for policy and planning.

scholarly journals Investigating the Implementation Process of a Curriculum: A Case Study from Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Marisen Joskin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
English Education ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Port Moresby

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate how policy intentions of the curriculum were received and practiced by teachers and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation process. The study probed three levels of an implementation process of an Outcomes-Based English Education curriculum in two urban secondary schools in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The specific focus of implementation was on: the initial introduction process, teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, and classroom practices. This research was an exploratory one using focus group discussions, structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. A case study method was used; two qualitative studies situated within the constructivist and symbolic interactionism paradigms were used to probe alignment of policy with practice using the diffusion of innovation theoretical lenses. Content, discourse, and document analyses were used to give interpretations to themes resonating with the research focus; these themes were derived both deductively and inductively from data. Findings revealed that the curriculum change was challenging as policy expectations failed to align with practices. There were little shared meanings between teachers’ views and classroom practices; this lack of connection contradicted policy intentions. There also appeared to be no connection by policy makers of the inbuilt tensions inherent in the outcomes-based model of education adopted for PNG. In relation to this, findings from this study revealed the need for collaborative professional development if policy is to be aligned with practice. Hence, this study offers a working tool called a Kibung PD framework as a priority for curriculum implementation at the classroom level.</p>

Valuing Indigenous Knowledge in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Model for Agricultural and Environmental Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Radcliffe ◽  
Cesidio Parissi ◽  
Anantanarayanan Raman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

AbstractCurrent methods of agricultural and environmental education for indigenous farmers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) fail to provide high level engagement. Indigenous knowledge (IK) forms the basis of natural resource management, agriculture and health of farmers in PNG, yet its value to agricultural and environmental education in PNG is rarely recognised. The argument made in this article is that valuing indigenous knowledge will enhance agricultural and environmental education. The purpose of this empirical study was to assess the application of a knowledge management model in understanding indigenous knowledge to enhance agricultural and environmental education. This article focuses on agricultural and environmental indigenous knowledge and culture in two villages in the Western Highlands of PNG. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and apprentice observations were methods to collect data from small-scale indigenous farmers. The study found that as farmers shift to cash crops, IK is devalued against Western knowledge. The study also found that trust, culture, and social barriers limit sharing of knowledge. The article concludes with recommendations for future agricultural and environmental education in the PNG highlands.

Health communication messaging about HPV vaccine in Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-957
Author(s):  
Angela Kelly-Hanku ◽  
Jamee Newland ◽  
Peter Aggleton ◽  
Sophie Ase ◽  
Voletta Fiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Negative Experiences

Objective:The type of health education messages that communities and individuals seek to have communicated about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important if vaccine programmes are to succeed, especially in settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), which have a high burden of cervical cancer, low health literacy and negative experiences of earlier vaccination programmes. This study sought to identify the health education messages that are viewed as most appropriate in such a context.Methodology:A qualitative study using gender-specific focus group discussions ( N = 21) and semi-structured interviews ( N = 82) was undertaken in three sites in PNG. Sites included both rural and urban locations in Milne Bay, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands Provinces.Results:Two divergent discourses emerged. One group of participants, largely young people, felt communication messages should stress that HPV is a preventable sexually transmitted infection, which can cause cervical cancer. The other group, mainly members of the older population, believed that messaging should focus on the vaccine as a prevention strategy for cervical cancer. A small minority wanted both aspects of the vaccine discussed.Conclusion:Sensitivity needs to be taken when engaging with communities which have negative experiences of earlier infant immunisation programmes. Ensuring that the health communication needs and priorities of different sections of the populations are taken into account is key to the successful introduction and roll-out of HPV vaccination in this setting.

Why Women Object to Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV in a Moderate-Prevalence Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kelly ◽  
Martha Kupul ◽  
Herick Aeno ◽  
Patti Shih ◽  
Richard Naketrumb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Adult Male Circumcision ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Adult male circumcision has been shown to reduce the transmission of HIV. Women’s acceptability of male circumcision is important in Papua New Guinea’s preparedness to introduce male circumcision, and in ethical considerations of its use as a biomedical technology for HIV prevention. We conducted 21 focus group discussions and 18 in-depth interviews with women in all four regions of Papua New Guinea. The majority of women objected to the introduction of male circumcision for three main reasons: circumcision would result in sexual risk compensation; circumcision goes against Christian faith; and circumcision is a new practice that is culturally inappropriate. A minority of women accepted male circumcision for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, and for the benefit of penile hygiene and health. Women’s objections to circumcision as a biomedical method of preventing HIV reemphasize the importance of sociocultural and behavioral interventions in Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Livelihood diversification and its impact on cocoa production in Morobe and East New Britain Provinces of Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
William Kerua
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
New Britain

Cocoa is an important cash crop of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Despite considerable Government investment, with its technical research, development, and extension (RDE) focus, productivity remains less than potential. This study was carried out to establish the livelihood activities diversification and impact on cocoa production of selected areas of Morobe and East New Britain Provinces of PNG. The specific objective was to establish whether farmers’ livelihood diversification activities affected cocoa production of the study areas. A cross-sectional descriptive study, in the context of phenomenological reflection involving semi-structured interviews and discussions was used to study the livelihood diversity and its implications on cocoa production in the selected provinces. Data were analysed using NVivo software. It was found that the main causes of farmer engagement of diversified livelihood activities were due to:  land shortage, land tenure, minimising risk, cultural factors, farming system practices, opportunities, comparative advantage, and with the effects of modern changes. The main rationale behind such diversified livelihood activities was to raise household’s income portfolio and to improved status in the community. Consequently, smallholder farmers do not put full effort into cocoa production.

scholarly journals Epilepsy in Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casparia Mond ◽  
Trevor Duke ◽  
John Vince
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Children And Parents

Epilepsy affects up to 1-4% of children living in low income and middle countries, however there are few studies of the problems faced by children with epilepsy in such settings. We aimed to document the situation for children with epilepsy in Port Moresby, an urban area in Papua New Guinea, a low-middle income country in the Western Pacific region. We conducted longitudinal cohort study using mixed methods, with serial data collected over 2 years which assessed seizure control, neurodevelopment, and structured interviews with children and parents. For quantitative data descriptive statistics are reported; for qualitative data common responses, themes, experiences and perceptions were grouped and reported in narrative. Forty-seven children with epilepsy were followed for a median of 18 months. Twenty six (55%) children had some associated neurodevelopmental disability. Children gave detailed and vivid descriptions of their experience of seizures. Most children and parents had a positive view of the future but faced many challenges including financial difficulties, fear of having seizures especially at school, restriction of activity that isolated them from peers, and significant stigma and discrimination. Seizure control improved over time for some children, but inconsistent supply of phenobarbitone hindered better control. Comprehensive care for children with epilepsy requires a good knowledge of the individual patient —including their seizure type and comorbidities, their family, and their strengths and vulnerabilities. Children with epilepsy face many problems that can lead to isolation, discrimination and restricted opportunities.

Public Health in Papua New Guinea

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Denoon ◽  
Kathleen Dugan ◽  
Leslie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea
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