scholarly journals Meso Trajectories in the National Innovation System and Their Regulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Golichenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Knowledge Rules ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Phase Process

The mesotrajectory is presented as a three-phase process of the development of mesopopulations: emergence (origination), diffusion (acceptance, assimilation and adaptation) and retention of a new rule (innovation). The central category of the NIS, i.e. knowledge, is considered from two positions: as a set of specific rules and as the most critical innovation resource. The proposed methodology also describes the three phases of mesostructure dividing each of them into two series–parallel sub-phases and incorporating them in the design of niches, technological and market ones. The methodology allows specifying the effect of the evolutionary selection and intermittent development of meso-units in the first two phases, as well as the mechanisms of changing the socio-technological regime in the third phase. The study set and analyse policy for creating motivation for innovative behaviour at different phases of the mesotrajectory. The actors’ mesopopulation are represented as carriers of the properties of knowledge-rules-resources. The knowledge of the actor is taking into account not only as a rule but a factor breaking the mesotrajectory. Among other characteristics of mesotrajectory discontinuity, intermittent equilibrium is taken into consideration in the study. The problem of regulating trajectory continuity is analysed in the framework of public policy.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

An Analytical Model for the Effective Dielectric Constant of a 0-3-0 Composite

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Cook-Chennault ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effective Dielectric Constant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Experimental Values

An analytical expression for prediction of the effective dielectric constant of a three phase 0-3-0 ferroelectric composite is presented. The analytical results are verified with the experimental results from Nan et al [1]. We extend the analytical model, so that the influence of the shape of the third phase inclusion, on the effective dielectric constant of the composite, can be investigated. The results indicate that the dielectric constant increases ∼7 times, when the aspect ratio of the conductive inclusion is increased from 1 (sphere) to 10 (spheroid). The analytical predictions compare favorably with the experimental values.

scholarly journals Practicing one thing at a time: the secret to reward-based learning?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katinka van der Kooij ◽  
Nina M van Mastrigt ◽  
Jeroen BJ Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conditions For Learning ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Giving Feedback

AbstractBinary reward feedback on movement success is sufficient for learning in some simple reaching tasks, but not in some more complex ones. It is unclear what the critical conditions for learning are. Here, we ask how reward-based sensorimotor learning depends on the number of factors that are task-relevant. In a task that involves two factors, we test whether learning improves by giving feedback on each factor in a separate phase of the learning. Participants learned to perform a 3D trajectory matching task on the basis of binary reward-feedback in three phases. In the first and second phase, the reward could be based on the produced slant, the produced length or the combination of the two. In the third phase, the feedback was always based on the combination of the two factors. The results showed that reward-based learning did not depend on the number of factors that were task-relevant. Consistently, providing feedback on a single factor in the first two phases did not improve motor learning in the third phase.

scholarly journals The rate of transmission of the Guatemala earthquake, April 19, 1902

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Motion ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Question

In 1900 I showed, by a critical examination of the records of earthquakes, obtained at a distance from their origin, that three distinct forms of wave motion could he recognized, to which I applied the terms first, second and third phase, and that these travelled along different paths and at different speeds. It was suggested that the first and second phases represented the outcrop of condensational and distortional mass waves, which had travelled through the earth, and that the third phase was due to waves, partly elastic and partly gravitational, which had travelled along or near the surface. These explanations have not been universally accepted, and alternative suggestions have been made, but the distinction of the three phases has been generally recognized, the nomenclature adopted, and the first two phases accepted as mass waves travelling through the earth. This last conclusion has been borne out by the time-curves published by Professor Milne, who, using data whose greater abundance compensated for a lesser degree of precision, deduced a set of time-curves essentially identical with mine, in that they showed a curvature in the first two phases which is only compatible with the supposi­tion that they belong to mass waves. In Japan these conclusions have never been formally traversed, but in the more recent publications of that country we find that no less than eight phases are recognized, and designated by the symbols P 1 , P 2 . . . P 8 ; of these P 1 and P 2 correspond to the first and second phases of the last paragraph, while the remainder constitute the third phase. The nature of these third phase waves is still a very open question, and it is doubtful whether there is any real difference in the character of the wave motion of P 3 , P 4 , P 5 , etc., or whether we are not dealing with waves of essentially similar nature, whose rate of propagation is a function of their period; in any case it is acknowledged that these waves are propagated along or close below the surface of the earth. The same conclusion is, however, also adopted for the first two phases, and the rectilinear character of their time curves apparently established by Dr. Imamura, on the basis of a large number of observations.

scholarly journals Study of regeneration in the garfish olfactory nerve.

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cancalon ◽  
J S Elam
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Mature Neurons ◽  
Collagenous Material ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Injury Causes

Previous studies of the olfactory nerve, mainly in higher vertebrates, have indicated that axonal injury causes total degeneration of the mature neurons, followed by replacement of new neuronal cells arising from undifferentiated mucosal cells. A similar regeneration process was confirmed in the garfish olfactory system. Regeneration of the nerve, crushed 1.5 cm from the cell bodies, is found to produce three distinct populations of regenerating fibers. The first traverses the crush site 1 wk postoperative and progresses along the nerve at a rate of 5.8 +/- 0.3 mm/d for the leading fibers of the group. The second group of fibers traverses the crush site after 2 wk postcrush and advances at a rate of 2.1 +/- 0.1 mm/d for the leading fibers. The rate of growth of this group of fibers remains constant for 60 d but subsequently falls to 1.6 +/- 0.2 for the leading population of fibers. The leading fibers in the third group of regenerating axons traverse the crush site after 4 wk and advance at a constant rate of 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm/d. The multiple populations of regenerating fibers with differing rates of growth are discussed in the context of precursor cell maturity at the time of nerve injury and possible conditioning effects of the lesion upon these cells. Electron microscopy indicates that the number of axons decreases extensively after crush. The first two phases of regenerating axons represent a total of between 6 and 10% of the original axonal population and are typically characterized by small fascicles of axons surrounded by Schwann cells and large amounts of collagenous material. The third phase of fibers represents between 50 and 70% of the original axonal population.

ABNORMAL MILK CONTROL–A PROGRESS REPORT

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
J. C. Flake
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
National Mastitis Council

Two phases of a national program on control of abnormal milk are in effect. The third phase is scheduled to take effect July 1, 1970. The program will be evaluated at the May, 1969 meeting of the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (IMS). A report from the IMS Committee on Abnormal Milk Control will serve as a basis for this evaluation. Many organizations are active in abnormal milk work. These include U. S. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Mastitis Council, local and state regulatory agencies, and many segments of the dairy industry. The Public Health Service published “Guidelines for the Control of Abnormal Milk” in May, 1968. These guidelines cover the first two phases of the IMS Abnormal Milk Program. Committees of the National Mastitis Council are making significant contributions to the abnormal milk program. Good progress is being made on control of abnormal milk. If reason prevails, the efforts of many organizations and individuals will bring success.

Double-Alternation Runway Performance as a Function of Inter- and Intra-Reinforcement Odor Cues

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Robert E. Prytula ◽  
Wyatt E. Harper ◽  
Howard K. Tucker ◽  
Clarence Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Iii ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Goal Measure ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Runway Performance ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Double Alternation ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Two Phases

Two groups of 12 rats served as Ss in a three-phase investigation into the production and utilization of odor cues in the runway. Both groups were trained under double-alternation patterns of reward-nonreward with one group serving as start-box donor-odorants, while the second group actually traversed the runway. During the first two phases the run- Ss were water-reinforced, and the donor-odorants were food-reinforced. The reinforcement schedules for the run and donor-odorant Ss were positively correlated during the first phase and negatively correlated during the second phase. In the third phase both groups were food reinforced and the reinforcement schedules once again positively correlated. The results indicated that significant double-alternation patterning was shown by the run- Ss only in the goal measure during Phases I and II. However, significant patterning was shown in start, run, and goal measures during Phase III, suggesting the specificity of odor cues to deprivational states.

Separation of vanadium(V) using N235 by three-phase system in concentrated HCl media

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Shen ◽  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Shenxu Bao ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phase Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Vanadium Extraction ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ftir Spectral Analysis

The third phase formed in the process of extracting vanadium in a N235/HCl system was usually regarded as a limit to the throughput of the plant. To have a deep insight on this problem, the formation of the third phase in the extraction of vanadium by tertiary amine N235 in the concentrated HCl system was studied. The optimum parameters of three-phase system extraction were determined, and FTIR analysis was carried out to characterize the structure of extracted complexes and analyze the mechanism of formation and elimination of the third phase. The results showed that vanadium extraction efficiency was 86.5% with 20% v/v N235 and a phase ratio (O:A) of 1:2 in 2 min at 25 °C, though an obvious third phase was found within the experimental HCl concentration range. Cl− is the participant in the process of increasing the vanadium extraction efficiency, whereas H+ has an inhibitory effect on vanadium extraction. Meanwhile, the structure of the extracted complex was confirmed as (R3N)m(HCl)m+x·([Formula: see text])·(H2O)n through a solvation mechanism with molecular association, which was further proved by FTIR spectral analysis. Furthermore, the limited solubility of the ion-extracted complexes in the nonpolar solvent kerosene made the third-phase form. The third phase disappeared when phase modifier (about 5% v/v TBP) was added into the organic phase, as the polarity of the organic phase increased.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Signaled Intersections to Improve Safety in Depok Intersection, Depok City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sony Widyawan ◽  
Darul Prayogo ◽  
Rukman . ◽  
Diajeng Ayu D P ◽  
Abdul Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Selection Of

Transportation problems are one of the issues faced in Depok, especially at intersections. The problems of traffic congestion and conflict often occur at intersections, especially at Depok intersection in which one of the efforts made to reduce the conflicts is made by managing the intersection. The method used in analyzing intersection performance is the use of calculations at IHCM, while the analysis of traffic conflicts to determine the seriousness of traffic conflicts is to use traffic conflict techniques (TCT) compared to the conflicts. Recommendations are made with a scheme using the selection of 3 phases and 3.5 phases then making a comparison with the third phase and choosing the most appropriate scenario. From the recommendation scheme made using the VISSIM 10 PTV software, the most appropriate scheme is obtained by using three-phase settings. The results of phase 3 simulations are effective in reducing the number of traffic conflicts and service levels are still in good condition.

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