scholarly journals Particle and Carbon Monoxide Atmospheric Pollution in the City of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario García ◽  
Héctor Ulloa ◽  
Omar García ◽  
Hermes Ramírez ◽  
Aida Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Actively caring for the environment is an issue that prevails in the international debate, and our country takes part on this argument. One aspect of environmental deterioration is, with no doubt, atmospheric pollution; a constant in modern societies, which, in the attempt to find growth and development, impact the natural and urban environment they inhabit. A distinctive feature of commercial and economic exchange are the strategic cities, so-called capitals, in addition to the territories where coastal tourism predominates as an engine of regional human development. In this balance, which is far from being sustainable and fair, an exponential consumer market dominates and generates the progressive increase in the use of fossil fuels. The former being emitted into the atmosphere, in such a way that they alter chemical composition and cause harmful air quality. In addition, the territory is impacted, intoxicating the soil and water, which are the final deposit. The objective of this work is to determine the temporal behavior of atmospheric pollutants in the city of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico and to identify the dominant pollution indicators considering the international and national context. Through the statistical analysis of the databases of particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, particles smaller than 10 micrometers and carbon monoxide, the behaviors of these pollutants in the study area were obtained. Among the most significant results, particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers showed maximum levels outside the norm almost all year round, with values ​​reaching 170 micrograms per cubic meter. On the other hand, the particles smaller than 10 micrometers presented satisfactory levels in their average behavior; however, the maximum concentrations remained outside the official Mexican standard. Regarding the analysis of CO, a behavior within the maximum permissible limits of protection for the population was reported; Nevertheless, by favoring the formation of tropospheric ozone, its contribution is significant, especially when the atmosphere is highly photo-reactive. This research can be used as a timely tool for mitigation of climate change, where the results contribute to the review and rethinking of public management of the environment towards sustainable development.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Develop Electromobility in Urban Passenger Shipping in Post-Communist Countries? Evidence from Gdańsk, Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6362
Author(s):  
Marcin Połom ◽  
Maciej Tarkowski ◽  
Krystian Puzdrakiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Dopierała
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
System A ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Reducing emissions of pollutants from transport is clearly one of the main challenges of the constantly developing world. Because the environmental impact of different means of transport is significant, it is necessary to cut down on fossil fuels and turn to more eco-friendly solutions, e.g., electric vehicles. Almost all European countries are now adapting their transport policies to this new paradigm. Nonetheless, due to large economic disparities, these processes are currently at different levels of implementation in Western and Eastern Europe. The main focus is on private electric cars and more traditional means of transport, rather than water trams. This article presents possible means of developing water tram lines in Gdańsk served by hybrid or full-electric vehicles. The analysis presented herein reflects the multidimensional nature of the issue. The article provides data on the socio-economic situation in the city, technical issues related to the implementation of such tram lines, and the possible consequences of introducing a new means of transportation into the existing system. A key part of the analysis is the identification of anticipated economic and environmental consequences of introducing both hybrid and full-electric vehicles into the system. A comprehensive socio-economic and technical-environmental analysis of the possibilities of developing urban electromobility in the form of urban passenger shipping in post-communist countries, such as that presented in this paper, has not been previously published.

scholarly journals Development of a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer applied to the city of Oran, Algeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid RAHAL ◽  
Noureddine BENABADJI ◽  
Mohamed BENCHERIF ◽  
Mohamed Menaouer BENCHERIF
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
The City

Abstract In Algeria, air pollution is classified as a major risk by the law. However, this risk is underestimated because there is no operational network for measuring air quality on a continuous basis.Despite the heavy investments made to equip several cities with these measurement systems, they are out of order due to a lack of continuous financial support.The alternative to the absence of these air pollution measurement networks can come from the recent development of electrochemical sensor technologies for air quality monitoring which arouses a certain interest because of their miniaturization, low energy consumption and low cost.We developed a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer called APOMOS (Air pollution Monitoring System) based on electrochemical sensor managed by microcontroller. An application developed with the Python language makes it possible to manage process and analyze the collected data.In order to validate the APOMOS system, the recorded measurements are compared with measurements taken by a conventional analyzer.Comparison of the measurements resulting from conventional analyzer and those resulting from the APOMOS system gives a coefficient of determination of 98.39 %.Two versions of this system have been designed. A fixed version and another embedded, equipped with a GPS sensor. These 2 variants were used in the city of Oran in Algeria to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide continuously.The targeted pollutant is carbon monoxide. However, the design of the APOMOS system allows its evolution in an easy way in order to integrate other sensors concerning the various atmospheric pollutants.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 11-year Record (1987-1997) of Air Pollution measurements in Athens, Greece. Part I: Primary air pollutants

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Almost All

A climatological analysis of atmospheric concentrations of primary air pollutants in Athens, Greece, is presented for the 11-year period 1987-1997, since the automated local air pollution network operating by the Ministry of Environment started to record all conventional pollutants. The concentration levels of the atmospheric pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black smoke for the most polluted stations (Patission, Athinas and Piraeus) of the air pollution network were examined. For all primary pollutants a seasonal variation with minimum in summer and maximum in winter is observed. Sulfur dioxide has the strongest seasonal cycle and black smoke the weakest. There is a significant downward trend for almost all pollutants in all stations. The highest reductions are observed in Patission where a comparison between the 3-year periods 1988-1990 and 1995-1997 gives 52%, 34%, 26% and 20% decreases for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and black smoke, respectively. The pollution abatement measures taken by the state authorities during the period 1990-1994, mainly consisting in the replacement of the old technology gasoline-powered private cars and the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil, seem to be the primary cause of the improvement in air quality in Athens during the recent years.

scholarly journals Assessment and regulation of the urbanized territory atmospheric air condition of the Karaganda city of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Yelena Tseshkovskaya ◽  
Elena Golubeva ◽  
Nataliya Tsoy ◽  
Aigul Oralova ◽  
Yuriy Obukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
Urbanized Territory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

The work is devoted to the assessment of the atmospheric air on urbanized territories of Karaganda. This work determines the content of 11 pollutants. Measurements were carried out at 14 route posts with the maximum coverage of the entire city territory in June and January in order to obtain seasonal dynamics of atmospheric air pollution. As a result of measurements in July, the maximum single-time content of carbon monoxide, phenol, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and methyl mercaptans was recorded. In January, carbon monoxide predominates in the city’s air from pollutants, and increased concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are also observed in most parts of the city. Based on the results obtained, the atmospheric pollution index was calculated for 5 substances. Measurements of the pollutants were carried out at different times of the day. It was found, that contamination in almost all analyzed substances is higher in the daytime and in the evening. The main harmful impurities in the air of Karaganda are ozone, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans. Ammonia was detected periodically. Based on the results the suggestions for improvement of the atmospheric air condition in the research territory were developed and adopted.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions from Indian Power Sector- A Roadmap towards Environmental Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3927-3929
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indian Power Sector ◽  
Almost All

Energy poverty was once considered as the major bottleneck for development of an economy. But now it is not scarcity which is an issue, but affluence as rightly said by Galbraith. According to him as a society becomes affluent, the problems like pollution, environmental degradation, global warming etc. takes place. Hence now the emphasis should not be on “how to overcome the problem of scarcity” but on “how to reduce the adverse effects on environment caused due to growth and development”. Therefore, it is being accepted worldwide that environmental sustainability is threatened by affluence and not by scarcity. Of all the requirements of humans today, electricity occupies a special importance, and this is the reason that the consumption of electricity is considered as an effective parameter of growth and development. The more is the consumption of power the more would be the growth taking place in the economy. In the past few decades almost all the economies whether developed, developing or underdeveloped have been working hard towards achieving self-sufficiency in power. Even in India the consumption of power has increased manifold i.e. from 734KWh in 2008-09 to 1075 KWh in 2015-16 i.e. 46% increase in 8 years (CEA). The positive outcome of this effort is the improvement in the quality of human population in the past few decades but the fact about this rise in consumption of power is it has resulted in various environmental issues in India as even today more than 70% of power needs is met from fossil fuels. The present article presents the scenario of Indian power sector since independence in section I. Relationship between CO 2 emissions, Power sector and growth using Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) is discussed in section II and some strategic measure to take the economy from economic development to environmental sustainability is given based on findings in the final section of the article.

scholarly journals The Potential to Reduce Pollutant Emissions from Individual Household Sector by Involving Citizens as Project Stockholders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pietras-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The City

Atmospheric pollutants come from many sources, mainly from industry and transport as well as from households. Each sector is characterized by different specificity that concerns both the volume of emissions and the type of pollutants emitted. Each of them has also different potential to reduce the load of emissions. The purpose of this article is to show the role and potential of individual households in the fight to improve air quality. The article also aims at showing that by raising public awareness and changing habits of individual users of central heating installations, it is possible to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted from this sector. An important part of the work is a summary of a survey conducted among 150 residents of Wroclaw. The study entitled Awareness of residents of the city of Wroclaw about the sources of atmospheric pollution contained 27 questions regarding general knowledge and air quality in Wroclaw.

BP Global Energy Outlook 2030

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rühl
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Us ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oil Gas

This paper presents the highlights of the third annual edition of the BP Energy Outlook, which sets out BP’s view of the most likely developments in global energy markets to 2030, based on up-to-date analysis and taking into account developments of the past year. The Outlook’s overall expectation for growth in global energy demand is to be 36% higher in 2030 than in 2011 and almost all the growth coming from emerging economies. It also reflects shifting expectations of the pattern of supply, with unconventional sources — shale gas and tight oil together with heavy oil and biofuels — playing an increasingly important role and, in particular, transforming the energy balance of the US. While the fuel mix is evolving, fossil fuels will continue to be dominant. Oil, gas and coal are expected to converge on market shares of around 26—28% each by 2030, and non-fossil fuels — nuclear, hydro and renewables — on a share of around 6—7% each. By 2030, increasing production and moderating demand will result in the US being 99% self-sufficient in net energy. Meanwhile, with continuing steep economic growth, major emerging economies such as China and India will become increasingly reliant on energy imports. These shifts will have major impacts on trade balances.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KREATIFITAS, DAN MENTALITAS TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI KOTA PADANG

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Fitriani Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Accounting Curriculum ◽  
Accounting Courses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Accounting education is taught in some private universities has impressed as stagnant knowledge, mechanical, and oriented material that causes a lot of students in general become saturated in the learning process. In Indonesia at several universities, almost all accounting courses little or no charge to enter the motivation, creativity, and mentality in the accounting curriculum-based motivation, creativity, and mentality can only he done well when formulated in a more complete firm of the curriculum. Therefore, this study examines the effect of motivation, creativity and mentality in accounting education to obtain empirical evidence. In this study using primary data obtained through questionnaires from a list of questions posed to accounting students in private universities in the city of Padang. The sample in this study was conducted with a purposive sampling technique where the sampling method was based on certain criteria, namely : involving student participants who majored in accounting class of 2010, 2011, and 2012 who had studied the sciences and overall accounting associated with accounting. Testing the hypothesis of this research is conducted with multiple regression analysis. The first hypothesis testing results found that motivation does not significantly influence accounting education in private universities Padang. The second hypothesis testing results found that creativity significantly influence accounting education in private universities Padang. The third hypothesis testing results found that significantly influence the mentality of accounting education in private universities Padang.

Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on Pd/SiO2/Si(111) Studied by Core-Level Photoemission

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Bastl ◽  
Tomáš Šarapatka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Co Adsorption ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
Adsorbed Co ◽  
Pd Clusters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
P Type

X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the adsorption of carbon monoxide on Pd dispersed on oxidized Si(111) surface. A fraction of the deposited Pd diffusing at room temperature to the SiO2/Si interface increases with decreasing SiO2 thickness. For oxide layers thinner than ≈1 nm, almost all deposited Pd diffuses to SiO2/Si interface forming there Si silicide. Consequently, the amount of adsorbed CO is dependent on the thickness of the thermally grown SiO2 layer. Two different chemical states of adsorbed carbon atoms, the population of which depends on the amount of the Pd deposited, are observed in the C (1s) spectra of adsorbed CO. Adsorption activity of Pd clusters does not depend on whether n- or p-type Si is used. Comparison of the experimental Pd/CO concentration ratios with those calculated assuming several different modes of the Pd growth on SiO2/Si points to the pseudo-Stranski-Krastanow mode (flat clusters with incomplete condensation of the first layer) at 300 K. Changes in charge balance across the Pd/SiO2/Si interface caused by CO adsorption are discussed in terms of the surface photovoltage effect and work function variation.

Sicily

2019 ◽  
pp. 536-552
Author(s):  
Salvatore de Vincenzo
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Thucydides reports that the Phoenicians were present throughout Sicily and traded with the Sicels. A tangible Phoenician presence in Sicily, as expressed by pottery, is attested only at the end of the eighth century bce. The earliest hypothetical Phoenician settlements of Solunt and Panormus are still almost unknown. This earliest phase is associated in particular with the city of Motya, where pottery and a few other finds testify to it. The Punic phase of the island is much clearer, with almost all indications coming from Motya and Selinus, which were not built over in Roman times. The Pfeilertempel, as emerged from Motya, could be regarded as the prototype for the Phoenician temple in Sicily. In turn, it is possible to recognize a characteristic type of temple of Punic Sicily, as particularly shown at Selinus, These shrines, as well as other elements of the Punic settlements like the houses, the fortifications, or the necropoleis, in particular from the fourth century bce onwards, are evidence of an advanced degree of Hellenization, framed within a Mediterranean koine.

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