Assessment of the impact of the urbanized territory of Yekaterinburg city on the formation of undergrowth in the forest park zone

The parameters of the undergrowth in the forbs and berry groups of pine forest types in 9 parks in Yekaterinburg and areas of natural forest have been investigated. Data on the species composition, density, and distribution by groups of heights of plants that make up the undergrowth collected. It has been established that the transformation of the undergrowth by an urbanized environment neutralizes the influence of the growing conditions of the considered forest types on it. In the forest-park zone, an increase in the density of the undergrowth is observed in comparison with the natural forest. The specificity of the forest park undergrowth is the floristic contamination with adventive species, the number of which is close to 50% of the total number of undergrowth species. The coefficient of floristic similarity of the undergrowth, according to the Sorensen coefficient between forest parks and a site of natural forest, was 0.26-0.46. In quantitative terms, the self-seeding of adventive species in the undergrowth is less than that of native plants. The invasive activity of ash-leaved maple in city parks and its dynamics over a 10-year period are considered, using the example of one of the parks.

STUDY OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the problems of studying an urbanized territory using geoinformation technologies. One of the methods used in this work is the method of spatial analysis. The Rostov region was chosen as the object of the study. The paper considers the issues of socio-economic development of the region, which is due to the urgency of the task of improving the quality of life. The analysis of various methods for studying urbanized territories made it possible to make a choice of research tools. The applied method of constructing cartograms made it possible to visually see the dynamics of changes in the socio-economic situation in the region in a long-term perspective. To obtain an objective assessment of the results obtained, the data normalization algorithm was applied. We selected data describing various social aspects in the life of the region. With the help of geoinformation technologies, the obtained indicators were ranked. This made it possible to identify bottlenecks and in the future will allow for a more detailed analysis and formulate steps to improve the socio-economic situation in the region. A similar analysis can be carried out for other groups of social objects, which is a great advantage of using this method

FEATURES OF AIR POLLUTION BY DISPERSED PARTICLES OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORY OF «INNOKAM»

The combination of factors that determine the level of atmospheric pollution, the priority harmful component of which is dispersed particles, has a random and unique character for the urbanized territory of «InnoKam». Therefore, to study the process of atmospheric pollution of this urbanized territory, an approach was used that takes into account that the content in the air of dispersed particles of motor transport and industrial origin depends on the nature of the processes of upsurge, propagation and deposition, which are determined by the fractional composition of particles, structural and functional parameters of road traffic flows., climatic and urban features of the territory and meteorological conditions. The aim of the study is to reveal the patterns of air pollution in the urbanized territory of «InnoKam» with dispersed particles, which is relevant and necessary for the effective implementation of measures to create a favorable and comfortable urban environment, as well as the attractiveness of the innovation and production center for visiting specialists and investors. Regularities of air pollution in the urbanized territory of «InnoKam» by dispersed particles, which is formed when pollution from road traffic flows are superimposed on the polluting background of industrial enterprises, have been investigated. Motor transport streams are both independent sources of the formation of dispersed particles, and a source of upsurge and spread of dispersed particles over considerable distances beyond the boundaries of highways. To reveal the regularities and obtain the corresponding mathematical models, both instrumental methods based on measuring the content of dispersed particles DCh 10 and DCh 2.5 in the atmosphere of the investigated urbanized territory, and statistical analysis of experimental data were used. Mathematical models have been obtained that, with a high degree of reliability, describe the regularities of air pollution by dispersed particles for the urbanized territory of «InnoKam», which is the scientific value of the results obtained. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in their use for predicting and compiling air pollution maps with dispersed particles in all parts of the urbanized territory of «InnoKam» in order to develop and substantiate measures to create a favorable and comfortable urban environment. The main activities are analyzed and divided into three groups, based on the specifics of the sources of formation of dispersed particles (vehicles, traffic flows, highways). The ranking of measures for the effectiveness of reducing air pollution by dispersed particles is the object of further research.

Assessment of the Impact of the Motor Transport Complex on the Ecological and Demographic Situation in the Region

The aim of this work is to build a mathematical model of the dynamics and mutual influence of the population and environmental factors – pollution of the atmosphere and surface water bodies – on an urbanized territory. The paper proposes a simulation model of dynamics and interaction of external and internal directions in biosphere-compatible city activities. The external direction of city’s activities is removal of resources from the Biosphere and emission of waste polluting water, air and soil into it. The internal direction is the impact on the population: environmental state, health assessment, life expectancy, human potential. Motor transport and objects of the road infrastructure bring the main volume of all waste and emissions polluting the urban environment. The method of forecasting the ecological and demographic situation of an urbanized territory is constructed using a relatively simple, non-linear, with variable coefficients, mathematical model that reflects the interaction of several subsystems: population, pollution of the atmosphere and water bodies.

Assessment and regulation of the urbanized territory atmospheric air condition of the Karaganda city of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The work is devoted to the assessment of the atmospheric air on urbanized territories of Karaganda. This work determines the content of 11 pollutants. Measurements were carried out at 14 route posts with the maximum coverage of the entire city territory in June and January in order to obtain seasonal dynamics of atmospheric air pollution. As a result of measurements in July, the maximum single-time content of carbon monoxide, phenol, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and methyl mercaptans was recorded. In January, carbon monoxide predominates in the city’s air from pollutants, and increased concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are also observed in most parts of the city. Based on the results obtained, the atmospheric pollution index was calculated for 5 substances. Measurements of the pollutants were carried out at different times of the day. It was found, that contamination in almost all analyzed substances is higher in the daytime and in the evening. The main harmful impurities in the air of Karaganda are ozone, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans. Ammonia was detected periodically. Based on the results the suggestions for improvement of the atmospheric air condition in the research territory were developed and adopted.

Geoinformation Assessment and Mapping of Dynamics of the Urbanized Territory of Ulan-Ude City

The article presents information about methods and technologies used in assessing the dynamics of urbanized territory, gives a brief description of them, and identifies advantages and disadvantages. The concept of geoinformation monitoring of an urbanized territory is formulated. To integrate heterogeneous and multiformat data and assess the dynamics of residential environmental management, a problem-oriented GIS for monitoring urbanized territories has been developed on the example of Ulan-Ude city (Republic of Buryatia). The functional structure of GIS, consisting of measuring, analytical and cartographic blocks, is presented, and the characteristics of each block are given. The planned basis of GIS is the topographic basis of three spatial levels: regional (1:200 000) for monitoring agglomerations and large cities; local (1:50 000, 1:100 000) to assess the dynamics of residential development of the territory; detailed (1:10 000, 1:25 000) to assess the dynamics of real estate and land plots. A digital terrain model is used as a high-altitude basis for the assessment of urbanized territories, which allows the assessment of morphometric parameters of the residential nature management system. The dynamics of the urbanized territory of Ulan-Ude was estimated using six time sections. The physical and geographical features of the urbanized territory development are determined, the map of the city dynamics for the entire period of residential development is compiled, and the forecast of the further development of the urbanized territory for background and local buildings is presented.