scholarly journals The Sugars with the Potential to Prolong Human Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Shintani ◽  
Laura Lema-Perez ◽  
Hideya Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Excessive Intake

Sugar is the main source of energy for all cells in the human body. On the other hand, cells can also obtain energy from fats and proteins depending on conditions, although this metabolic process is more difficult and less common in cells. Sugar intake has increased in recent decades and is included in most of our dietary products. However, many studies indicate that sugar intake increases the prevalence of suffering from various harmful health conditions such as obesity. As a consequence, obesity is related to several chronic diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in humans. This is due to an excessive intake of sugars and sedentary lifestyles, causing a deterioration in the organs of our body, and consequently, reducing life expectancy. In this chapter, sugars that both shorten and lengthen life expectancy are presented. The latter are recent options that have emerged in order to continue sweetening our food in a healthier way, and would be new geroprotectors.

The Role of Zinc and Copper in Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (39) ◽  
pp. 6643-6657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
Monica Daniela Doşa ◽  
Yuliya Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is internationally ever-growing. Therefore, prevention, diagnostics, and control of insulin resistance and T2DM are of increasing importance. It has been suggested that mechanisms leading to insulin resistance and diabetes and its complications include high intake of refined and energy-rich food, which is presumed to be accompanied by suboptimal intake of trace elements, such as Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Chromium (Cr), and Copper (Cu), which are essential and crucial for various biological processes. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of Zn, Se, and Cu in T2DM. Diabetes seems prevalent when Zn, Se, and Cu are deficient, which may result from excessive intake of refined food. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, supplemented with the reference lists of relevant articles and a Google Scholar search. We critically assessed all relevant citations, both review and research papers in English. The search terms that were used included Zn, Cu, diabetes, and diabetes mellitus. Research has shown that Zn, Se and Cu are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, but these trace elements can in excessive amounts be toxic. Zinc appears to activate key molecules that are involved in cell signaling, which maintain the homeostasis of glucose. Zinc also regulates insulin receptors, prolong the action of insulin, and promote healthy lipid profiles. Copper in excess can create oxidative stress, which is a factor in the onset and the progression of T2DM. Abnormal Zn and Cu metabolism appears to accompany and may also cause diabetes complications.

scholarly journals Human Body-Related Disease Diagnosis Systems Using CMOS Image Sensors: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Suparshya Babu Sukhavasi ◽  
Susrutha Babu Sukhavasi ◽  
Khaled Elleithy ◽  
Shakour Abuzneid ◽  
Abdelrahman Elleithy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Image Sensors ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Cmos Image Sensors ◽  
Control And Prevention

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average human life expectancy is 78.8 years. Specifically, 3.2 million deaths are reported yearly due to heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and COVID-19. Diagnosing the disease is mandatory in the current way of living to avoid unfortunate deaths and maintain average life expectancy. CMOS image sensor (CIS) became a prominent technology in assisting the monitoring and clinical diagnosis devices to treat diseases in the medical domain. To address the significance of CMOS image ‘sensors’ usage in disease diagnosis systems, this paper focuses on the CIS incorporated disease diagnosis systems related to vital organs of the human body like the heart, lungs, brain, eyes, intestines, bones, skin, blood, and bacteria cells causing diseases. This literature survey’s main objective is to evaluate the ‘systems’ capabilities and highlight the most potent ones with advantages, disadvantages, and accuracy, that are used in disease diagnosis. This systematic review used PRISMA workflow for study selection methodology, and the parameter-based evaluation is performed on disease diagnosis systems related to the human body’s organs. The corresponding CIS models used in systems are mapped organ-wise, and the data collected over the last decade are tabulated.

Role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase as a regulator of cell energy balance in patients with metabolic disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Zhuravlyova ◽  
Yu. D. Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Cell Energy

The combination of diabetes mellitus type 2 and gout is common. It has been established that prolonged hyperuricemia leads to insulin resistance and suppresses the effects of insulin, which is why the study of pathogenetic links in the formation of metabolic disorders in synergistic pathologies is relevant. AMPK has been shown to be a regulator of cell energy balance, which plays an important role in preventing the development of insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to determine the impact of AMPK on carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and gout. The realization of the effects of AMPK on metabolic processes in the human body occurs in two main ways — inhibition of anabolism and stimulation of catabolism, which will be discussed in the article. It is advisable to consider the mechanisms of action of indirect activators of AMPK as potential components for the comprehensive treatment of patients with metabolic disorders. The mechanisms of activation and inhibition of AMPK are not investigated enough, but it is known that AMPK plays a significant role in the main metabolic processes in the human body. The mechanisms of cell sensitivity to most energy‑containing molecules and substances directly depend on the AMPK activation degree. The presence of these dependencies may be evaluated in the case of metabolic diseases. Thus, further study of the effects of AMPK and its influence on carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism is necessary, due to the possibility of predicting the formation of insulin resistance, the severity of diabetes mellitus type 2 in combination with gout, and optimizing treatment in patients with comorbid pathology.

scholarly journals PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT DEGENERATIF DAN PENGATURAN MAKANAN DALAM KAJIAN KEDOKTERAN DAN AL-QURAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hardisman Hardisman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Medical Analysis ◽  
Medical Perspective ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstrakProses kemunduran fungsi tubuh atau degeratif merupakan proses alamiah tubuh manusia yang harus diperhatikan setiap orang [QS Al-Hajj (22):5, Yaasin (36):68]. Dalam proses tersebut seseorang akan dapat terkena berbagai penyakit kronik seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler, obesitas dan diabetes melitus. Meskipun demikian, dengan gaya hidup yang baik dan pengaturan makanan, resiko penyakit-penyakit tersebut dapat dicegah. Salah satu resiko dalam terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler adalah hipekoleterolemia dan dislipidemia. Dua kondisi ini dapat disebabkan asupan makanan yang mengandung lemak dan kolesterol yang berlebihan. Serta, ketidakseimbangan asupan karbohidrat, lemak, dan serat juga menjadi resiko terjadinya obesitas dan diabetes melitus. Semua kajian ilmu kedokteran ini merupakan bukti bahwa peranan pengaturan makanan sangat penting, sebagaimana yang diterangkan dlama Al-Quran [Al-Baqarah (2):168-172, Al-Isra` (17):26-27 and Al-A’raf (7):31].Kata Kunci: Penyakit degeratif, pengaturan makanan, dan Al-Quran.AbstractDegenerative is a natural process in human life that every body should aware [QS Al-Hajj (22):5, Yaasin (36):68]. During the process, someone can get chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular, obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, by having good life style and diet regulation, the risk of the diseases can be prevented. In medical perspective, one of the risks of the cardiovascular diseases is hypercholesterolemia and dislipidemia. These two conditions can be caused by excessive intake of lipid and cholesterol. Meanwhile, imbalance intake of carbohydrate, lipid and food fibre also becomes risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus. All of these medical analysis become evidences of the rule of diet regulation which has been written in the Quran [Al-Baqarah (2):168-172, Al-Isra` (17):26-27 and Al-A’raf (7):31].Key Words: Degenerative Diseases, diet regulation, and The Qur`an.

scholarly journals The Effect of Atypical Anti-psychotic Agents on Obesity and Glucose Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Sang Ah Lee ◽  
Suk Ju Cho ◽  
Jae Cheol Moon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
The World ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics and have fewer side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms; therefore, prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics are increasing. However, recently, it has been reported that atypical antipsychotics have a higher incidence of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity than typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics induce obesity-inhibiting appetite-related receptors such as serotonin and dopamine. Decreased exercise due to improving psychotic symptoms, and genetic characterictics can also cause weight gain. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were another metabolic problem related to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia were mainly related obesity, decreased anorexigenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance in multiple organs. There are also reports that genes related to diabetes have an effect on the incidence of diabetes mellitus treated with atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, although it is not clear why hypoglycemia occurs, it documented in case reports all over the world. There are more reports of atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics and these are frequently reported in Asians. Further research on the mechanism of hypoglycemia related to atypical antipsychotics is strongly recommended.

Plasma Resistin, Insulin Concentration in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic, Overweight/Obese Thai

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn Chanchay ◽  
Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr ◽  
Talabporn Harnroongroj ◽  
Benjaluck Phonrat ◽  
Orapin Rungseesakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Homa Score

This study investigated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FBS), homeostasis model of the assessment of the insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, insulin, and resistin hormones in 202 individuals, divided into four groups. Two groups had type II diabetes mellitus (DM): one group had been overnourished (DM/OB) (body mass index: BMI equal or above 25) and the other had not (DM/nOB). Two additional groups not suffering from diabetes were either overnourished (nDM/OB) or of normal nutritional status (nDM/nOB). Only the DM/OB group had insulin levels elevated above the other three groups. Resistin levels had been lowest in the nDM/nOB group. When participants of the two nOB groups were pooled into one group and the subjects of the two OB groups were combined into another group, the median plasma resistin levels of the OB groups were significantly higher compared with the nOB groups. Likewise the DM groups had higher resistin levels than the nDM groups. A significant correlation of plasma resistin with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, FBS, and HOMA score had been observed. The result suggests that plasma resistin has a role in linking central obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance to type II diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Diabetes: Understanding the Interrelationship and Risks for a Severe Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril P. Landstra ◽  
Eelco J. P. de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus is complicated and bidirectional. On the one hand, diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most important risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Several factors that are often present in diabetes mellitus are likely to contribute to this risk, such as older age, a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state, hyperglycemia and underlying comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity). On the other hand, a severe COVID-19 infection, and its treatment with steroids, can have a specific negative impact on diabetes itself, leading to worsening of hyperglycemia through increased insulin resistance and reduced β-cell secretory function. Worsening hyperglycemia can, in turn, adversely affect the course of COVID-19. Although more knowledge gradually surfaces as the pandemic progresses, challenges in understanding the interrelationship between COVID-19 and diabetes remain.

PENGGUNAAN RINFOCAL SEBAGAI APLIKASI PENGINGAT (REMINDER) KEGIATAN AKADEMIK PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI

CCIT Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Indri Handayani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Yessy Oktavyanti
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Schedule Time

      Progress of technology and its developed is going so rapidly nowadays and it provide big affect on human life, some of them were education and daily life. Due to its development we also know the other form of calendar which is in digital form that we usually found in gadgets such as handphone or tablets and surely it is portable. Rinfo which is an email supporting facilities for the needs of Raharja College may help Pribadi Raharja in coordination and communication about task and/or event. Rinfo has some applications that integrated with Rinfo itself, such as RinfoGroup, RinfoSites, RinfoDocs, RinfoDrive, RinfoH and RinfoCal. RinfoCal is an calendar application that can be use as schedule time reminder application and it will send any reminder not only to one person but some or couple persons. RinfoCal may sent an pop-up notification or email notification. This paper will discuss about what is RinfoCal, how to use it, what’s the purpose of using RinfoCal, benefit of RinfoCal and so on. But, instead of its benefit, there are also some shortages including many people who using Rinfo doesn’t get the benefit of RinfoCal because they just pretending that RinfoCal is just an usual calendar.  This paper also present six problems from conventional reminder that will solved by RinfoCal fews are just doing reminders only once at a time or just remembering only one person, a mind mapping to simplify the analyze of problem and make the best solution, eight literature reviews that had been done to help analyzing problems of research. 

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