scholarly journals The Effect of Atypical Anti-psychotic Agents on Obesity and Glucose Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Sang Ah Lee ◽  
Suk Ju Cho ◽  
Jae Cheol Moon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
The World ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics and have fewer side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms; therefore, prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics are increasing. However, recently, it has been reported that atypical antipsychotics have a higher incidence of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity than typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics induce obesity-inhibiting appetite-related receptors such as serotonin and dopamine. Decreased exercise due to improving psychotic symptoms, and genetic characterictics can also cause weight gain. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were another metabolic problem related to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia were mainly related obesity, decreased anorexigenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance in multiple organs. There are also reports that genes related to diabetes have an effect on the incidence of diabetes mellitus treated with atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, although it is not clear why hypoglycemia occurs, it documented in case reports all over the world. There are more reports of atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics and these are frequently reported in Asians. Further research on the mechanism of hypoglycemia related to atypical antipsychotics is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals The Sugars with the Potential to Prolong Human Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Shintani ◽  
Laura Lema-Perez ◽  
Hideya Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Excessive Intake

Sugar is the main source of energy for all cells in the human body. On the other hand, cells can also obtain energy from fats and proteins depending on conditions, although this metabolic process is more difficult and less common in cells. Sugar intake has increased in recent decades and is included in most of our dietary products. However, many studies indicate that sugar intake increases the prevalence of suffering from various harmful health conditions such as obesity. As a consequence, obesity is related to several chronic diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in humans. This is due to an excessive intake of sugars and sedentary lifestyles, causing a deterioration in the organs of our body, and consequently, reducing life expectancy. In this chapter, sugars that both shorten and lengthen life expectancy are presented. The latter are recent options that have emerged in order to continue sweetening our food in a healthier way, and would be new geroprotectors.

scholarly journals Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Irina A. Novikova ◽  
◽  
Tatiana M. Panina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insulin Insufficiency

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin insufficiency or a violation of insulin secretion with or without insulin resistance. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2030 this number will increase to 439 million, which is almost 10% of the adult population. A dentist is often the first to encounter manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the oral cavity, such as caries, candidiasis, dryness, inflammatory periodontal diseases, etc. Therefore, timely diagnosis and close interaction of doctors of different specialties is crucial for the treatment of this disease.

Disease Prevention through Lifestyle: A Case of the Copper to Zinc Ratio and Insulin Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnendu Nath ◽  
Sukhpreet Patel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Copper

Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high ratio of copper to zinc are independently associated with comorbidities involving multiple organs. Separately, patients with poor insulin sensitivity are often reported as having high copper and low zinc. This article reports the case of a 46-year-old male patient interested in reversing his insulin resistance and high copper to zinc ratio, therefore reducing his long-term risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Over a period of 16 weeks, through lifestyle changes and controlling for copper in the patient’s food and water supply, the patient’s copper to zinc ratio improved from 1.91 to a healthy level of 0.55 and his HOMA-IR score improved from 2.0 to a nondiabetic level of 1.2.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A S Ametov ◽  
E V Doskina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Hba1c Levels

According to the International Diabetes Federation, there are over 366 mln subjects suffering diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world. This figure is expected to reach 552 mln by 2030. The patients are treated with preparations acting on different components of DM pathogenesis on the one hand and with medicines facilitating prophylaxis of the disease on the other hand. Diabeton MB decreases the mean HbA1c level of 7-8% by 0.9%. Also, it causes reduction of the initial HbA1c levels of 8-9% and 10% by 1.7% (2.6---??) and 4.2% respectively. Diabeton MB produces a number of other effects besides the hypoglycemic activity; specifically, it reduces the intensity of LDLP oxydation, platelet adhesion and aggregation, adhesion of monocytes, etc.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. How are they connected? Current strategy of fight

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Babenko ◽  
M. Yu. Laevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Successful Prevention

Infectious epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus is characterized by severe course in patients with diabetes mellitus, which presents another noninfectious pandemic accelerating for last decades. Today, according to the International Diabetic Federation data, there are 463 million patients with diabetes mellitus in the world. The burden of the COVID-19 epidemic is largely explained by a frequent combination of these two pathologies. From the previous flu epidemics and already available data of the current epidemic, diabetes mellitus and obesity are considered to be the predictors of more severe course of COVID-19 and mortality. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 can aggravate diabetes mellitus, via direct damage of pancreatic beta cells and the liver injury, resulting in higher insulin resistance. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the relation between coronavirus infection and diabetes mellitus and consequences of their mutual influence. Also the article reviews potential strategies of personalized therapy in COVID-19. Timely control and maintenance of individualized target glycemic level is the cornerstone of successful prevention of COVID-19 complications. Disease severity defines strategy of treatment and the choice of antihyperglycemic therapy.

Incretins mimetic effects of Herbal drugs for management of Diabetes Mellitus: A research based approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-248
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nazrul Islam ◽  
AKM Nur Hossain ◽  
Md. Abu Taher ◽  
Mohammad Abu Bin Nyeem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
The World ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
New Metabolites

Insulin is a lifesaving hormone which is secreted from beta cell of Pancreas. It helps to reduce high blood sugar in the blood by trapping the glucose molecule and enter into cell. Now a day, insulin resistance diabetes mellitus (IRDM) becomes a serious public health problem in the world and also a great headache to the scientific communities. That’s why, world scientist are enormously seeking the alternative of insulin or insulin like effective drugs. It has been proved that nature is having all remedies to combat disease related morbidity and mortality. We have to search, we have to know, we have to identify and we have to apply appropriate technology to evaluate new molecules, new metabolites or active compounds for reducing the devastating effects of diabetes as well as insulin resistance diabetes mellitus. Evidence based studies showed that berbery, bitter melon, cinnamon tree, gardenia, korean pine, little dragon, mango, pygeum, fenugreek and lychee composed of incretins mimetic compounds. But isolation of active metabolomics and the multicentre base clinical trials are needed to propagate the herbal medicine in the world. It is an attempt to amalgamate, to congregate, to concise some incretins mimetic medicinal plants which will help to get new generic compound and also give new clue for further research on DM.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) a magic enzyme: it’s role in diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis, interactions with fluroquionlones. A mini-review

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ullah ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
S. U. Rahman ◽  
S. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
The World

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. The diabetes and insulin resistance are mainly responsible for the morbidities and mortalities of humans in the world. This disease is mainly regulated by various enzymes and hormones among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a principle enzyme and insulin is the key hormone regulating it. The GSK-3, that is the key enzyme is normally showing its actions by various mechanisms that include its phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, and other cellular distribution and thus it control and directly affects cellular morphology, its growth, mobility and apoptosis of the cell. Disturbances in the action of GSK-3 enzyme may leads to various disease conditions that include insulin resistance leading to diabetes, neurological disease like Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Fluoroquinolones are the most common class of drugs that shows dysglycemic effects via interacting with GSK-3 enzyme. Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase.

GRP78: THE CONNECTING LINK BETWEEN COVID-19 AND MUCORMYCOSIS?

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Anand ◽  
Rohini R Nair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 acute respiratory illness has affected the world in unimaginable manner. The treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) includes use of steroids as proven therapy to reduce mortality.(1) The observed severity and mortality of COVID-19 is more in patients with co-morbidities and elderly age. Diabetes mellitus being the one of the most commonly associated comorbidities with poor outcome.(2) The stress response to the disease process as well as the use of steroids is causing a state of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance, for which vigilant monitoring and insulin is needed.(3)

scholarly journals Do Antipsychotics Modify Age and Weight as Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Cohen ◽  
H. Burger ◽  
C. Gispen de Wied ◽  
R. Stolk ◽  
D. Grobbee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

Aims:Study of risk factors of diabetes mellitus from the general population in a schizophrenic population.Method:Measurement of glucose and insuline levels, fasting and 120’ after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and calculating of HOMA-IR and HOMA-B.Results:We studied 167 outpatients, mean age 40.2 years, 90.9% Caucasian, suffering from schizophrenia (83%) or schizoaffective disorder (17%).Age could not be confirmed as a risk factor on any of the glucose or insuline measurements or HOMA in patients with typical or atypical antipsychotics.With bodyweight, patients with typical differed from those with atypical antipsychotics. Weight was not a risk factor on any measurement or model in with typical antipsychotics. In patients with atypical, a significant correlation with levels of plasma glucose (p=0.017), insuline (p= 0.003 resp. p= 0.010) or glucose homeostasis models (p= 0.004 resp. p= 0.016). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was the notable exception (p=0.987).Conclusion:Diabetes risk factors age and weight behave differently in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.The finding that age was not a risk factor, suggests that age is not a suitable criterion for the decision of glucose screening in this population.The different effect of weight (a risk factor only in patients treated with atypical, but not with typical antipsychotics) suggests in different pathophysiological pathway.As FPG was the only measurement with no correlation with either risk factors, this suggests that FPG is insufficiently sensitive for detection of disturbed glucosemetabolism in schizophrenia. Additional measurements (fasting insuline, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, OGTT) seem to be necessary.

Plasma Resistin, Insulin Concentration in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic, Overweight/Obese Thai

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn Chanchay ◽  
Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr ◽  
Talabporn Harnroongroj ◽  
Benjaluck Phonrat ◽  
Orapin Rungseesakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Homa Score

This study investigated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FBS), homeostasis model of the assessment of the insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, insulin, and resistin hormones in 202 individuals, divided into four groups. Two groups had type II diabetes mellitus (DM): one group had been overnourished (DM/OB) (body mass index: BMI equal or above 25) and the other had not (DM/nOB). Two additional groups not suffering from diabetes were either overnourished (nDM/OB) or of normal nutritional status (nDM/nOB). Only the DM/OB group had insulin levels elevated above the other three groups. Resistin levels had been lowest in the nDM/nOB group. When participants of the two nOB groups were pooled into one group and the subjects of the two OB groups were combined into another group, the median plasma resistin levels of the OB groups were significantly higher compared with the nOB groups. Likewise the DM groups had higher resistin levels than the nDM groups. A significant correlation of plasma resistin with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, FBS, and HOMA score had been observed. The result suggests that plasma resistin has a role in linking central obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance to type II diabetes mellitus.

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