scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in Neurodegeneration and Other Pathological Processes of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Nikolaus Homann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Measured Response

The nervous system is the most complex organ in the human body, and it is the most essential. However nerve cells are particularly precious as, only like muscle cells, once formed, they do not replicate. This means that neural injuries cannot easily be replaced or repaired. Vitamin D seems to play a pivotal role in protecting these vulnerable and most important structures, but exactly how and to what extend is still subject to debate. Systematically reviewing the vast body of research on the influence of Vitamin D in various neuropathological processes, we found that Vitamin D particularly plays a mitigating role in the development of chronic neurodegeneration and the measured response to acutely acquired traumatic and non-traumatic nerve cells incidents. Adequate serum levels of Vitamin D before the initiation of these processes is increasingly viewed as being neuroprotective. However, comprehensive data on using it as a treatment during the ongoing process or after the injury to neurons is completed are much more ambiguous. A recommendation for testing and supplementation of insufficiencies seems to be well-founded.

scholarly journals The pivotal role of sampling recurrent tumors in the precision care of patients with tumors of the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. a004143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Wong ◽  
Yaoqing Shen ◽  
Adrian B. Levine ◽  
Erin Pleasance ◽  
Martin Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Further Observations on Proprioceptors in Crustacea and a Hypothesis About Their Function

1958 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In the coxal region of Eupagurus bernardus the following receptor organs have been found: (1) a muscular receptor spanning the thoracico-coxal articulation, its innervation, in which several neurons take part, being arranged on a similar pattern as in Carcinus; (2) two innervated elastic strands running along the bundles of mm. levator and depressor basipoditis respectively and inserting into the tendons of these muscles; (3) a coxo-basipodite receptor consisting of connective tissue strand with numerous bipolar nerve cells ending on it. With the exception of the coxo-basipodite receptor, all sensory neurons of these organs have their cell bodies located in the central nervous system.It is suggested that these receptors convey impulses elicited by the movements of the legs and some hypotheses concerning the role of each of them are put forward.

scholarly journals The physiological role of vitamin D and the significance of its deficiency in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia E. Morozova ◽  
Marina A. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Climacteric Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

This literature review summarizes data on the physiological role of vitamin D in women during menopause. We discuss the peculiarities of climacteric syndrome affected by vitamin D deficiency, including the impact of the vitamin on the central nervous system and its role in cognitive and affective disorders. The necessity of vitamin D therapy to prevent pathologies associated with menopause is highlighted.

Neurocircuits integrating hormone and nutrient signaling in control of glucose metabolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. E810-E816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rother ◽  
A. Christine Könner ◽  
Jens C. Brüning
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Nutrient Signaling ◽  
The Central Nervous System

As obesity, diabetes, and associated comorbidities are on a constant rise, large efforts have been put into better understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which nutrients and metabolic signals influence central and peripheral energy regulation. For decades, peripheral organs as a source and a target of such cues have been the focus of study. Their ability to integrate metabolic signals is essential for balanced energy and glucose metabolism. Only recently has the pivotal role of the central nervous system in the control of fuel partitioning been recognized. The rapidly expanding knowledge on the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and neuronal circuits involved is the focus of this review.

Role of a nurse in the rehabilitation of children using ReviMotion hardware and software complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
T. Shirshova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children occupy 1-2 places in the structure of functional abnormalities. Cognitive impairment without organic damage to the central nervous system is detected in 30-56% of healthy school children. Along with the increase in the incidence rate, the demand for rehabilitation systems, which allow patients to return to normal life as soon as possible and maintain the motivation for the rehabilitation process, is also growing. Adaptation of rehabilitation techniques, ease of equipment management, availability of specially trained personnel and availability of technical support for complexes becomes important.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Hengxun He ◽  
Zhibin Cheng ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Xi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.

The Yin and Yang of BK Channels in Epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudan Zhu ◽  
Shuzhang Zhang ◽  
Yijun Feng ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Jiwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Potential Shape ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Action Potential Shape ◽  
Excitability Of Neurons

Background & Objective: The large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel, extensively distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), is considered as a vital player in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, with evidence implicating derangement of K+ as well as regulating action potential shape and duration. However, unlike other channels implicated in epilepsy whose function in neurons could clearly be labeled “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, the unique physiological behavior of the BK channel allows it to both augment and decrease the excitability of neurons. Thus, the role of BK in epilepsy is controversial so far, and a growing area of intense investigation. Conclusion: Here, this review aims to highlight recent discoveries on the dichotomous role of BK channels in epilepsy, focusing on relevant BK-dependent pro- as well as antiepileptic pathways, and discuss the potential of BK specific modulators for the treatment of epilepsy.

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