scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women and Newborn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelakanta Kanike ◽  
Naveen Kannekanti ◽  
Jenny Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Vitamin-D is not only an essential element in bone health, but it is also a pro-hormone. Deficiency of vitamin D is the most common cause of rickets and is also known to increase the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, lower respiratory infections, food sensitivities, asthma, type I diabetes, autism and schizophrenia. Vitamin D deficiency limits the effective absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D status in newborns is entirely dependent on maternal supply during pregnancy. Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy is a major risk factor for rickets in infants. Rickets in children is caused by severe, chronic vitamin D deficiency with apparent skeletal abnormalities, but neonates with vitamin D insufficiency have no overt skeletal or calcium metabolism defects. Rickets was a global disease in the early twentieth century. It has nearly disappeared in developed countries after its causal pathway was understood and fortification of milk with the hormone vitamin D was introduced at the population level. Surprisingly, rickets is re-emerging per recent evidence. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. The chapter will review the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and newborn population and its adverse effects on pregnancy and infant’s health. The chapter also describes evidence-based recommendations to prevent vitamin D deficiency in these vulnerable population.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Harleen Kour ◽  
Shashi Gupta ◽  
Swarn K. Gupta ◽  
Bawa Ram Bhagat ◽  
Gagan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Background: In the recent years there has been an increased understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in regulation of cell growth, calcium absorption and immunity and its impact on the developing fetus and maternal health is of significant concern. This study aims at evaluating the Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 100 pregnant females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the time of delivery, maternal blood was collected, and newborn samples were taken from newborn side of umbilical cord and sent for analysis.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be 85% of pregnant females and 91% of the newborns. Only 5% of pregnant females and 1% of the newborns showed Vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and newborn vitamin D levels show a positive correlation. Mean maternal and newborn Vitamin D levels were found to be 16.78±7.04 ng/mL and 11.29±5.75 ng/ml.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in north India. Low maternal vitamin D levels lead to vitamin D deficiency in the newborns also.

VITAMIN D PROVISION FOR CHILDREN AND ADULT POPULATION OF THE AMUR REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (60) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Романцова ◽  
Elena Romantsova ◽  
Борисенко ◽  
Elena Borisenko ◽  
Бабцева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of the research is to study the availability of vitamin D among children of different age and pregnant women living in the Amur region. 339 residents of Blagoveshchensk (279 children of different age and 60 adults) were examined. Among them there were 129 toddlers, 90 children of preschool age of 3-6 years old, 60 adolescents of 15-17 years old and 60 adults (pregnant women) of 18-40 years old. In the blood serum the content of the metabolite of vitamin D [25(OH)D] was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The assessment of risk factors for failure and deficiency of vitamin D was conducted by clinical and anamnestic data. The first results of the study have been presented. They indicate a high frequency of various vitamin D deficiency in the population of the Amur region. Among 339 residents of the Amur region 92 (27.1%) had an adequate availability of vitamin D, 144 (42.4%) had an insufficiency of 25(OH)D; at the same time vitamin D deficiency was identified in 90 (26.5%) with 1/3 of the child population and 1/4 of pregnant women. The level of 25(OH)D within normal limits found in 37.5% of children in the first year of life decreased till 3.6 % by 3 years old, with its deficit increasing from 29.1% to 50%, persisting at this level (45.5 percent) in 3-6 year-old children, declining till 23.3% in adolescents and till 23.3% in pregnant women. The average vitamin D in the studied age periods was the highest in the first year of life (36.14±4.3 ng/ml), and the lowest in 2-3 year-old children (19.31±14.68 ng/ml), with a gradual increase in 3-6 years old (21.77±0.96 ng/ml); in 15-17 years old (23.89±0.66 ng/ml) and in pregnant women it has reached a level of 27.75±0.18 ng/ml, remaining below normal values. Respiratory infections, digestion, bone and joint systems pathologies are the most important risk factors contributing to the low status of 25 (OH) D; their prevention, alongside with the correction of vitamin D deficiency can improve the health of the population of the Amur region.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Arijit Debnath ◽  
Somosri Ray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various maternal effects, i.e., hypocalcemia, subclinical myopathy, increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cesarean sections, and fetal effects, i.e., neonatal tetany, hyperbilirubinemia congenital rickets, infantile rickets, etc. Only few Indian studies are available in this regard. Objective To estimate serum vitamin D levels in pregnant women, cord blood, and study fetomaternal outcomes. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 54 consecutive pregnant women and their newborn babies. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level was estimated in all women at the time of admission in labor ward. They were followed up to delivery and 48 hours postpartum. Vitamin D was also estimated in cord blood collected during delivery. All results were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results The mean 25(OH)D level in pregnancy was 6.81 ± 7.38 ng/mL. The mean 25(OH)D level in their babies (cord blood) was 6.34 ± 7.05 ng/mL. There was very strong positive correlation between maternal and fetal serum 25(OH)D levels (p-value 0.001, r-value 0.9). Vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with obesity, PE, and GDM (p-value 0.001). Neonatal jaundice and tetany were also significantly associated with severe vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Low levels of vitamin D have been observed in pregnant women and their newborn babies. Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes. As there is a strong correlation of maternal and neonatal levels, supplementing vitamin D in a pregnant women might improve these adverse pregnancy outcomes. How to cite this article Gupta M, Debnath A, Jain S, Saini V, Ray S. Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy: Fetomaternal Outcome and Correlation with Cord Blood Vitamin D. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):42-48.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in healthy Romanian caregivers and risk of respiratory infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2157-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina C Porojnicu ◽  
Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu ◽  
Andrei Laslau ◽  
Zoya Lagunova ◽  
Arne Dahlback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the vitamin D status during winter of a healthy population of hospital employees and to assess the correlation between vitamin D status and risk of infections in the upper respiratory tract.DesignOne hundred and ten healthy volunteers answered a questionnaire on their solar exposure habits and vitamin D intake and delivered one blood sample for quantification of vitamin D level (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration) during December 2007–January 2008. At the end of the winter we screened for the occurrence of respiratory infections and sought associations with vitamin D status.SettingBucharest, Romania, 45°N.SubjectsOne hundred and ten healthy hospital employees.ResultsEighty per cent of participants were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/l). The main determinant of serum 25(OH)D was sun exposure during the summer previous to the study (P = 0·02 in multivariate analysis). Intake of vitamin D, BMI and age played no significant role for the level of 25(OH)D. Overall we found a non-significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D level and new cases of infection (Spearman correlation coefficient of −0·12, P = 0·2).ConclusionsVitamin D status is alarmingly poor in active, relatively young women residing in Romania. If our results are reproduced by other investigations, action to improve vitamin D status at the population level is necessary. We were not able to show a statistically significant relationship between vitamin D status and infection risk in our material.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Pregnant Women: Is Supplementation with ≤400 IU/day Enough?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Otilia Perichart-Perera ◽  
Carla Patricia González-Leyva ◽  
Isabel González-Ludlow ◽  
Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores ◽  
Mario Solis-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Controversy remains surrounding vitamin D routine supplementation in healthy pregnancy, and the doses are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe maternal vitamin D status throughout pregnancy in a group of Mexican women and evaluate the effect of frequently prescribed doses of vitamin D3 on longitudinal 25-OH-D concentrations, adjusting for obesity, season, and other factors. We conducted a cohort study (Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-INPer) (2017–2020)) of healthy pregnant women without complications. Pregestational overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25), vitamin D3 supplementation (prescribed by physician; 0–250, 250–400, and >400 IU/day), and serum 25-OH-D concentrations (ELISA) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was computed (<20 and <30 ng/mL, respectively). We studied 141 adult women; 58.5% had pregestational obesity or overweight. In the first trimester, 45.8% of the women were supplemented with vitamin D3; 51.4% had vitamin D insufficiency and 37.3%, deficiency. In the third trimester, 75.4% of the women were supplemented, and 20% of them still had deficiency. The final general mixed linear model showed that 25-OH-D significantly increased throughout pregnancy (p < 0.001); the highest increase was observed in the third trimester in women with doses >400 IU/day of vitamin D3 (+4 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.72–8.11 ng/mL). In winter/autumn, 25-OH-D concentrations were also lower (p ≤ 0.05). In this group of pregnant Mexican women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high. A higher increase in 25-OH-D concentrations during pregnancy was observed when the women were supplemented with >400 IU/day. Common supplementation doses of 250–400 IU/day were insufficient for achieving an adequate maternal vitamin D status.

Prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency and their association with feto-maternal outcomes in a sample of Iranian pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Freidoun Azizi ◽  
Sepideh Ashrafivand ◽  
Zahra Ahi ◽  
Masoomeh Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Severe Vitamin

BACKGROUND: Calcium and vitamin D deficiency is common among Iranian women of childbearing age and poses adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium in a sample of Iranian pregnant women and to assess its correlation with the feto-maternal outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a sample of pregnant women between 15 to 45 years who were in the third trimester were recruited from a number of hospitals in Tehran. Data were collected by the means of a self-developed questionnaire, interviews, physical examination, and paraclinical tests including measuring the serum level of calcium, vitamin D, parathormone (PTH) and phosphorous (Pi). The questionnaire obtained information on age, level of education, socio-economic status, parity, gravidity, calcium intake during pregnancy, as well as feto-maternal outcomes. RESULTS: We included a total number of 233 singleton pregnancies. Most of the subjects (58.4%) had vitamin D deficiency and 12.0% suffered from severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was adversely associated with the years of education (p= 0.007), serum level of parathormone (p< 0.001). The Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) (p< 0.001), the exercise sequence per week (p< 0.001), sun exposure (p< 0.001), higher rate of sunscreen usage (p= 0.011) and higher BMI (p= 0.005). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher rate of cesarean delivery (p= 0.024), higher rate of diastolic hypertension (p= 0.019), higher rate of neonatal jaundice (p= 0.009) and higher rate of neonatal respiratory infections (p< 0.001). Serum level of PTH was a significant risk factor for severe vitamin D deficiency while calcium D supplementation, MET and sunscreen were significant protective factors. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy among Iranian women is extremely high and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including cesarean delivery, neonatal jaundice and neonatal respiratory infections. Low vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure, lack of physical activity and high BMI are the etiologies. Increasing the knowledge along with vitamin D supplementation during the pregnancy is recommended in Iranian population.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vitamin D Status Between Urban and Rural South Indian Mothers and Their Newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jagadish Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Chavan ◽  
K. Shushma ◽  
Srinivasa Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Urban Mothers ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Rural Mothers

Introduction: Though pregnant mothers are at risk of developing Vitamin D deficiency, their level differs among the urban and rural population and has various implications on newborns. This study was undertaken to compare the vitamin D status in urban and rural population of South India among pregnant women and their newborns.Material and Methods: Ninety one pregnant women and their newborns (46 urban and 45 rural) were recruited. Maternal Vitamin D levels and serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and Vitamin D were measured in the cord blood.Results: Eighty two (90%) of the pregnant women, 38 from rural and 44 from urban, had vitamin D deficiency. However, the mean vitamin D levels were low in urban (9.42 ± 12.2) compared to rural women (35.86 ± 16.3,p=0.037).Hypovitaminosis D was noted in 88% of the newborns, deficiency being more in neonates born to urban women. Though the dietary calcium intake was uniformly low, it was lower in rural (960.1 ± 139.9 mg/d) Vs urban mothers (1060.1 ± 150.6 mg/d, p< 0.001). Urban mothers were found to be exposed to sun for lower duration of 0.3 hours compared to rural mothers 0.5 hours. Similarly the surface area of body exposed to sun was lower in urban mothers (7.5%) compared to rural mothers (15%, p=0.0001). A moderate positive correlation between mother-neonate pair was noted.Conclusions: The magnitude of Hypovitaminosis D observed among pregnant women and their newborn warrants public health intervention in terms of vitamin D supplementations during pregnancy.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):243-249

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