scholarly journals Covid-19 Vaccines and Institutional Trust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermín Jesús González-Melado ◽  
María Luisa Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Person Model ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

Major public and private laboratories entered into a race to find an effective Covid-19 vaccine. With the arrival of the vaccines, governments have to implement vaccination programs to achieve the necessary immunization levels to prevent further transmission of the disease. In this context, the ethical dilemma of compulsory vaccination vs. voluntary vaccination has been raised. Underlying this dilemma lies the problem of the ethical models on which the political decisions of governments in health matters based. The chapter proposes and argues the need to base health policy decisions on an ethical “first person” model, based on personal responsibility, that allows us to move from a normative ethic to an ethic of responsible behavior. This change in the ethical model, together with certain proposals for political action, will help us to restore institutional trust, so that the necessary levels of collective immunity against Covid-19 can be achieved through the voluntary vaccination of the citizens.

ETHICS AND MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

This review examines such ethical categories as respect for patient freedom, paternalism, protection of the patient's interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone gets what they deserve, in accordance with health needs and no one is discriminated against based on individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Who regulates food? Australians' perceptions of responsibility for food safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Henderson ◽  
John Coveney ◽  
Paul Ward
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food System ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Consumer Involvement ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Food Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Food scares have diminished trust in public institutions to guarantee food safety. Food governance after the food scare era is concerned with institutional independence and transparency leading to a hybrid of public and private sector management and to mechanisms for consumer involvement in food governance. This paper explores Australian consumers’ perceptions of who is, and should be responsible for food safety. Forty-seven participants were interviewed as part of a larger study on trust in the food system. Participants associate food governance with government, industry, and the individual. While few participants can name the national food regulator, there is a strong belief that the government is responsible for regulating the quality and safety of food. Participants are wary of the role of the food industry in food safety, believing that profit motives will undermine effective food regulation. Personal responsibility for food safety practices was also identified. While there are fewer mechanisms for consumer involvement and transparency built into the food governance system, Australian consumers display considerable trust in government to protect food safety. There is little evidence of the politicisation of food, reflecting a level of trust in the Australian food governance system that may arise from a lack of exposure to major food scares.

scholarly journals Compulsory vaccination policies: a systematic review about knowledge, attitudes and believes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Voglino ◽  
M R Gualano ◽  
F Bert ◽  
E Olivero ◽  
M Corezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Low Coverage

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy is a considerable issue in European Countries and leads to low coverage rates. Consequently, the implementation of national immunization programmes including the introduction of compulsory vaccination are required. It is interesting to determine citizens’ knowledge, attitudes and believes about vaccination policies, in order to more effectively define vaccination programs. Methods The present study systematically reviewed published studies evaluating attitudes towards mandatory vaccination programs. PubMed and Scopus scientific databases were searched and 4,198 results were returned, of these 29 met the inclusion criteria. PRISMA statements were followed. Results Twenty-two studies assessed attitudes towards mandatory vaccination programs in general, while 9 papers focused specifically on the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine. Most of the studies were performed in Europe and North America. According to the assessed studies, the majority of the population seems to be in favour of compulsory vaccinations, from 53% to 97% for different vaccination programs. More resistance has been recorded for the HPV vaccination: the percentage of agreement for mandatory HPV vaccinations ranged from 27% to 63.5%. Furthermore, some studies investigated healthcare workers’ attitudes towards childhood and adult vaccinations. They pointed out that the general population is generally more in favour of mandatory vaccination policies than healthcare workers. The studies highlighted that the support to mandatory policies increased after their implementations. Conclusions The results presented in this review could be an important starting point to further understand the issue of vaccine hesitancy and support the implementation of effective vaccination strategies in Europe. Key messages Mandatory vaccination policies are generally well accepted among general population. More resistance is recorded for specific vaccination (HPV) or among specific population (healthcare workers).

A Citizen Looks at Crime

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
James E. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Units

The urban revolution, the social effects of the population explosion, concentration in huge cities, and the mobility of modern society all tend to make people regard themselves as insignificant and helpless. You have to understand many such things in order to think logically about social disorganization and its ugliest manifestation—crime. I wonder about the four-martini expense account lunch, the lost weekend in suburbia, the divorce rate, and the indications of immorality I see in widespread cheating of the tax system. What does all this mean to crime? Crime can be successfully combated only through a joining of forces by all the leadership elements who are interested in adjusting the nation to its new growth. This will involve an expansion of both public and private services. It will demand a new approach, one calling for total social planning and far more coordination than has so far been attempted. It may also require new social units within the urban mass— small communities of some sort that can retain human individ uality and personal responsibility.

Correlates of individualism and collectivism: Predicting volunteer activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia A. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism

Differences in the factors that initiate volunteering in individualists versus collectivists were examined. In prior work it has been suggested that the two differ, not in how much service volunteers give, but in the reasons why. Individualist and collectivist tendencies were measured in a sample of long-term volunteers. Also assessed were respondents' attitudes about the responsibility of individuals and of society to help those in need, the individual's obligation to engage in social and political action, and the quality of social support available to participants. Collectivism was associated most strongly with personal responsibility and with a strong social support network, while individualism was related to a perceived responsibility to participate in social and political activism. Neither individualism nor collectivism was predictive of time spent volunteering. The findings suggest that rather than predicting who will, and will not, volunteer, the individualism/collectivism construct is useful in clarifying why people help. This knowledge, in turn, can be used to match the volunteer to the appropriate activity.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Life and Activity: Features of Responsible Behavior of Individual

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Olga A. Moskvitina
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Main Condition ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses the features of personal responsibility in the context of digitalization of its life and activity. Personal responsibility is analyzed in the range from everyday responsibility to historical. Examples of emerging limitations and challenges for responsible behavior in the digital world are given. The emphasis is on freedom as the main condition for the implementation of responsible behavior of the individual in the digital world.

From Personal Responsibility to Political Mobilization: Using Attribution Frames to Overcome Policy Feedback Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110632
Author(s):  
Mallory E. SoRelle
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Banking Reform ◽  
American Political Economy

Public policies that promote personal responsibility while minimizing government responsibility are a key feature of modern American political economy. They can decrease Americans’ political participation on a given issue, with detrimental consequences for the wellbeing of economically insecure families. Can this pattern be overcome? I argue that attribution frames highlighting government’s role in and responsibility for policies may increase people’s propensity for political action on an issue, but only if the frame can increase the salience of their preexisting beliefs about government intervention. Drawing on the case of consumer financial protection, I administer an experiment to determine the effect of attribution framing on people’s willingness to act in support of a popular banking reform. I find that helping people draw parallels between an issue they feel responsibility for and one they accept government responsibility for can boost political engagement on behalf of the original policy.

Did the context of economic crisis affect the image of Portugal as a tourist destination?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-457
Author(s):  
Adolfo Mesquita Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Political Decisions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the governmental perspective on the effects of the economic crisis on Portugal as a touristic destination. Design/methodology/approach – The main political decisions related to tourism were analysed and related to the sector’s present performance. Findings – Portugal’s public and private entities were able to use the crisis as an opportunity to increase the quality and competitiveness of the tourism sector and, as result, grow more than its main competitors. Originality/value – This paper concludes that there are still some challenges that the tourism sector faces, like the decline of the internal market and the level of prices, but overall, the sector has been showing signs of resilience that shall allow it to overcome its main issues.

The Day before Yesterday: the Committees for Nuclear and Environmental Information

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Virginia Warner Brodine
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Decisions

Barry Commoner's leadership in the formation and early years of the Committee for Nuclear Information is described. The Committee's role as a pioneer in providing the public with information on nuclear questions, then the prime environmental issue requiring political action, is outlined. When it changed its name to the Committee for Environmental Information and broadened its scope, the focus continued to be on those environmental issues requiring political decisions. Although both Committees limited themselves to scientific information and did not advocate particular political solutions, they became embroiled in controversies, some of them significant for breaking through barriers of government silence and corporate misinformation.

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