ETHICS AND MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

This review examines such ethical categories as respect for patient freedom, paternalism, protection of the patient's interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone gets what they deserve, in accordance with health needs and no one is discriminated against based on individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF BIOETHICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

This review examines such ethical categories as respect for patient freedom, paternalism, protection of the patient's interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone gets what they deserve, in accordance with health needs and no one is discriminated against based on individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Some issues of biomedical ethics in a pandemic (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
O.V. Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Right

The article is an analytical review of English-language articles devoted to modern problems of biomedical ethics. The article considers such ethical categories as respect for the freedom of the patient, paternalism, protection of the patient’s interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone receives what they deserve, in accordance with the needs of health and no one is discriminated against because of individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs, and can act according to their norms, desires and beliefs. This review presents articles that, for the first time, consider the ethical aspects of dealing with the consequences of coronavirus infection. In particular, it is indicated that decisions on the priority of vaccination should be based on such principles as: a) equal moral value of each person, b) available knowledge to maximize public health by preventing COVID-19. An open and transparent dialogue with the public is needed to ensure and, in the long term, increase public confidence and justification for the adoption of a vaccination strategy. It should contain information on the current state of knowledge about the vaccine itself and about political decision-making processes, including the underlying ethical arguments.

scholarly journals Health needs: a temporary analysis of the social representations of the concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winckler ◽  
F Zioni ◽  
G Johson
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brazilian Health System ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the social representations of health needs in a Brazilian municipality, questioning the capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. Methods Qualitative case study in which the data were analysed by: 1) the Health Needs Taxonomy (Matsumoto, 1999), as an instrument for assessing health needs, formatting the interview guide and organizing the empirical data; 2) the Theory of Social Representations (Jovchelovitch, 2000), to capture health needs; 3) Content Analysis (Bardin, 2004), as an instrument of analysis and comparison of perceived needs. The methodological path used was the same in the two moments in which this research is based (2009 and 2016). The entire municipal territory was analyzed and 26 representatives of civil society organizations were interviewed. Results Based on the results given, we state that health is a permanent and timeless need, but the mediations for its satisfaction have changed historically. The interface between quantitative indicators and subjectivity in assessing needs reveals the authoritarian architecture of its decision-making process, which has ruined the necessary democracy for prioritising and meeting those needs. The asymmetrical relationships present in the Brazilian society have both undermined the collective character of health needs and promoted the distance between who care and who are cared for. Most of the priorities listed by the interviewees in 2009 remain composing the social context of the municipality in 2016. Conclusions The challenges for comprehensive health care remain critical given both the decrease in popular political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health. Interdisciplinary and participatory diagnostics remain essential to understand the complexity of social changes and the challenges for the consolidation of meeting health needs. Key messages The capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. The challenges for meeting health needs remain critical given both the decrease in political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the interactionist model of socioeconomic status and problem behavior: A developmental cascade across generations

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Martin ◽  
Rand D. Conger ◽  
Thomas J. Schofield ◽  
Shannon J. Dogan ◽  
Keith F. Widaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Social Causation ◽  
Adolescent Problem Behavior ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe current multigenerational study evaluates the utility of the interactionist model of socioeconomic influence on human development (IMSI) in explaining problem behaviors across generations. The IMSI proposes that the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and human development involves a dynamic interplay that includes both social causation (SES influences human development) and social selection (individual characteristics affect SES). As part of the developmental cascade proposed by the IMSI, the findings from this investigation showed that Generation 1 (G1) adolescent problem behavior predicted later G1 SES, family stress, and parental emotional investments, as well as the next generation of children's problem behavior. These results are consistent with a social selection view. Consistent with the social causation perspective, we found a significant relation between G1 SES and family stress, and in turn, family stress predicted Generation 2 (G2) problem behavior. Finally, G1 adult SES predicted both material and emotional investments in the G2 child. In turn, emotional investments predicted G2 problem behavior, as did material investments. Some of the predicted pathways varied by G1 parent gender. The results are consistent with the view that processes of both social selection and social causation account for the association between SES and human development.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Individu, Motivasi dan Kinerja Pelaksana Operasional BUM Desa

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucahyo Heriningsih ◽  
Lita Yulita Fitriyani ◽  
Dwi Sudaryati
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Right

This study aims to determine the effect of individual characteristics and motivation on the performance of BUM Desa operational operators in Bantul Regency. This study uses a survey method that is data collected using a questionnaire. Populations in this study were operational operators of BUM Desa in Bantul Regency as many as 82 people, and the selected sample of 54 people. The sampling method uses a convenience sampling method. The collected data is then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results showed that the work experience and motivation affect the performance of BUM Desa, while gender, education and age did not affect the performance of BUM Desa. This shows that education and age do not guarantee a person's ability to carry out their duties and obligations. The results of this study are expected to be considered by the Village Government in preparing Human Resources to manage the BUM Desa. If BUM Desa is managed by the right Human Resources, has qualified capabilities and appropriate qualifications, then BUMDes can run according to the plans that have been made.

scholarly journals Nurse Advocacy: Adopting a Health in All Policies Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanita Williams ◽  
Janice Phillips ◽  
Kirk Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health In All Policies ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
The Right

Policy advocacy and committed resources are essential to address social factors that shape population health. In this article, we discuss nurse advocacy to advance public health and health equity through targeted social determinants, particularly on behalf of poor and disadvantaged persons. We discuss components of the right social policies and consider evidence-based policies that have linked improvements in social and economic conditions with increased physical, emotional, and mental health outcomes among poor and disadvantaged social groups. With a partnership perspective, select social determinants of health (SDOH) and mitigating policies focus nurses' social policy advocacy to improve the health of disadvantaged populations and reduce health inequities. We suggest nurses engage in multisectoral partnerships and adopt a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach to address social and health needs of concern. The conclusion offers resources and strategies to promote nurse engagement in health policy.

scholarly journals Regional Legal Assistance

Rechtsidee ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Counsel ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Policy

Legal aid policy in the area carried out on several considerations including: Implementation of the authority given to the legal aid act, granting the guarantee and protection of access to justice and equality before the law in the area, equitable distribution of justice and increase public awareness and understanding of the law, and legal implications that accompanied the emergence of the right to legal counsel without pay and the right to choose the legal settlement. How To Cite Fatah, A. (2015). Regional Legal Assistance. Rechtsidee, 2(1), 1-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.7

Statistical Literacy and Quantitative Reasoning

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Gail Burrill
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Quantitative Reasoning ◽  
National Council ◽  
Statistical Literacy ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Professional Perspective ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Right

Given a world awash with data, students of today will be consumers of statistical information whatever their future. What can we do to make them critical consumers as articulated by researchers such as Gal and Steen and as suggested in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Catalyzing Change, able to process information, ask the right questions and make informed decisions? This paper explores what it means to be statistically literate able to reason with quantitative information in today’s world and why it is important from both a personal and professional perspective. Examples from several fields illustrate features of essential core concepts that should be components of the curriculum for all students if we are to have statistically literate citizens capable of thinking and reasoning in quantitative situations. The discussion will also address some of the challenges we face in making this recommendation a reality.

scholarly journals Stakeholder views of podiatry services in the UK for people living with arthritis: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Dando ◽  
Dawn Bacon ◽  
Alan Borthwick ◽  
Catherine Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore the views of stakeholders in podiatry services, patients, commissioners and general practitioners (GP), to further understand experiences of referral, access and provision of treatment in the National Health Service (NHS) for foot problems for patients living with arthritis. Method To explore in-depth individual views and experiences of stakeholders in podiatry services, 19 patients who had arthritis (osteoarthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis) participated in one of four focus groups. In addition, seven commissioners and/or GPs took part in semi structured interviews. A purposive sampling strategy was adopted for all focus groups and semi structured interviews. To account for geographical variations, the focus groups and semi structured interviews were conducted across two predetermined regions of the United Kingdom (UK), Yorkshire and Hampshire. Data was rendered anonymous and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key meanings and report patterns within the data. Results Five key themes derived from the focus groups and interviews suggest a variety of factors influencing referral, access and provision of treatment for foot problems within the UK. 1. Systems working together (navigation of different care pathways, access and referral opportunities for people with OA or RA, education around foot health services for people with OA or RA); 2.Finance (financial variations, different care systems, wasting resources); 3. Understanding what podiatry services have to offer (podiatrists are leaders in foot health services, service requirements in relation to training standards and health needs); 4. Person factors of foot pain (arthritis is invisible, affects quality of life, physical and mental wellbeing); 5. Facilitators of foot care (NICE guidelines, stakeholder events, supporting self-management strategies). Conclusion The findings indicate that patients, commissioners and GPs have very similar experiences of referral, access and provision of treatment for foot problems, for patients living with arthritis. Essentially, commissioners and GPs interviewed called for a transformational approach in current systems to include newer models of care that meet the footcare needs of individual patient circumstances. Patients interviewed called for better signposting and information about the different services available to help them manage their foot health needs. To address this, we have formulated a signposting pack for all stakeholders to help them facilitate access to appropriate clinicians ‘at the right time, in the right place’ to manage foot health problems.

scholarly journals Extremism and Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Julian Richards
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Transnational Social Movements ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The Right

Contemporary extremist threats encompass a widening spectrum, whereby long-standing threats are supplemented by the stubborn persistence of historical threats, and by the emergence of new threats and Violent Transnational Social Movements (VTSMs). For security and intelligence agencies, the management challenges posed by the evolving picture are complex and multi-faceted. Probably the most difficult challenge is that of prioritisation and the allocation of resources across the spectrum of investigation. Other challenges include those of recruiting and retaining staff with the right cutting-edge skills, especially in such fields of social media exploitation; and a fundamental definitional question of how to define some of the newly-emerging threats, avoiding questions of surveillance crossing-over into inappropriate suppression of legitimate dissent in a liberal democracy.

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