Transitional Leadership

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Bradbeer
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Eighth Army ◽  
Second World ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The U.S

Matthew B. Ridgway was an influential American airborne commander during the Second World War and led United Nations forces during the Korean War. A 1917 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, Ridgway served multiple tours in Latin America and Asia as a junior and mid-grade officer. A protégée of General George Marshall, he commanded the Eighty-Second airborne division during the invasions of Sicily, Italy, and France. During the Battle of Bulge and the invasion of Germany, he served as commander of the newly created Eighteenth Airborne Corps. Years later, during the Korean War, Ridgway transitioned from a staff position as a deputy to Army Chief of Staff Lawton Collins to become commander of the Eighth Army in Korea, and then commander of all U.N. forces in the Korean theatre. Ridgway's career, especially his leadership during the two wars, provides insights on the officer skills needed to effectively transition to different levels of command.

Reinhard Hoeppli (1893–1973): The life and curious afterlife of a distinguished parasitologist

2019 ◽  
pp. 096777201987760
Author(s):  
NJ Morley
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Second World

Reinhard Hoeepli was a Swiss-German physician with a distinguished career as a researcher and historian of medical parasitology. He spent the majority of his career at the Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, China, where he undertook research on host responses to parasitic infections, in particular describing the ‘Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon’, between 1929 and 1952. During the Second World War, he acted as the Swiss honorary Consul in Japanese-occupied Beijing. After leaving China following the militarization of the College in the wake of the Korean War, he subsequently worked in Singapore and Liberia before retiring to Switzerland. Hoeppli is most widely known for his association with Sir Edmund Backhouse, a controversial and enigmatic Chinese scholar, who was his war-time patient towards the end of his life. With Hoeppli's encouragement, Backhouse wrote two scandalous and unpublishable memoirs which remained in Hoeppli's safe-keeping until his own death in 1973. However, the revelations by the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper in 1976 that Backhouse was a fraudster and fantasist has had a detrimental effect on Hoeppli's posthumous reputation that has overshadowed his many lifetime achievements. Alongside a biography of his life, an examination of the controversies of the Backhouse revelations on Hoeppli's repute is presented.

The Pacific War and the Second Golden Age

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Shock ◽  
Second World

This chapter details how the Second World War imparted a more favorable shock to the economy than the First. The postwar international economic environment was much more conducive to raising incomes than it had been after 1919. In the 1950s, prosperity was further underpinned by the Korean War wool boom, and by an intensification of the process of import substituting industrialization. In further narrowing the focus to civilian consumption, the massive diversion of resources into the defense sector predictably resulted in a decline in consumption expenditure per capita during both wars, but by less during the Second World War. With this caveat, it seems appropriate to describe the Second World War as delivering on balance a positive shock to the Australian economy.

The study of surprise attacks

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Ben-Zvi
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

During the years following the Second World War, intensive research was undertaken on the subject of response to threat. Confronted with the baffling yet recurrent inability of nations to respond adequately to warnings of an impending attack, many scholars concentrated on such events as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour and the outbreak of the Korean War, and produced a voluminous empirical literature, as well as a considerably meagre body of theoretically oriented works. Thus alongside the plethora of works that sought explanations solely in terms of certain specific conditions operating at the time of the event analyzed, a few other inquiries attempted to integrate the case under scrutiny into a broader theoretical context in order to better elucidate the patterns by which nations cope with situations of crisis and threat.

Why were there no war crimes trials for the Korean War?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sandra Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
War Crimes Trials ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Second World

Abstract In the Korean War of 1950-53, U.S. authorities were determined to pursue atrocities perpetrated by North Korean and Communist Chinese forces through legal channels, in keeping with the standards they believed they had set after the Second World War. Yet, their plans foundered in Korea, despite extensive groundwork for prosecutions. Four factors were responsible. First, it was difficult to find reliable evidence and to identify and apprehend suspects. Second, U.S. officials rapidly lost confidence in the idea of prosecuting national leaders. Third, the lack of clear-cut victory in the conflict necessitated a diplomatic solution, which was incompatible with war crimes trials. Fourth, the moral standing of the West, and hence its authority to run trials, was undermined by the large number of atrocities committed by the United Nations side. Thus, the U.S. plan for war crimes trials was dropped without fanfare, to be replaced by an anti-Communist propaganda campaign.

Global Wars and Decolonization in East and South-East Asia (1937–1954)

2018 ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Christopher Goscha
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Korean War ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Second World War ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
World War ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

This chapter discusses how, between 1937 and 1954, two global conflicts combined to affect the course of East and South-East Asian decolonization profoundly—the Second World War and the Cold War. It covers how the Americans gained the upper hand in the region from 1945 by occupying Japan alone (unlike in Germany) and how the Chinese communist victory in 1949 and Mao’s alliance with Stalin a few months later readjusted the balance. It explains how the Americans responded to the Chinese–Moscow alliance, and how the Americans and Chinese engaged each other, both directly in the Korean War and indirectly via the French and the Vietnamese in Indochina. It then explains how the Indochina conflict (1945–1954), as a case study, can help to better understand how and why the Cold War and decolonization intersected in such complex and violent ways.

The Wider Subjectivities of Men in Reserved Occupations in Wartime Glasgow and Clydeside

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Chand
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Everyday Living

This chapter analyses the narratives of men who worked in reserved occupations in Clydeside to explore wider aspects of their individual subjectivities other than gender. Areas of subjectivity examined include national identity (picking up from the discussion in Chapter 3 and looking at men of non-British or Scottish nationality), class consciousness and political identity, religion and social activities. This chapter widens the picture of how men in reserved occupations experienced the war, arguing that male reserved workers were aware of ‘imagined’ collective subjectivity on a national level, and that important similarities existed between the subjectivities of men who worked in different regions of Britain, particularly those with higher proportions of men working in reserved occupations. The chapter re-enforces the notion that the subjectivities of such men existed on different levels and reflected to varying degrees the concepts of ‘imagination’ and ‘living’, making clear that the subjectivities of male civilian workers in wartime Clydeside comprised different national, ethnic, religious, class and political attributes, all integral and important to reserved men before, during and after the Second World War. Arguably, however, men were often aware of these integral aspects of their subjectivities on an ‘imagined’ level, and many aspects of them were superseded by a pre-occupation with everyday living, also continuous and fundamentally unchanged by wartime. In arguing for the continuity of different ‘imagined’ and ‘lived’ forms of subjectivity among men in reserved occupations in wartime Clydeside, this chapter re-enforces the notion that, although integral to masculinity, temporary wartime ideals did not fundamentally change the masculine subjectivities of male civilian workers.

Operations of Chicago Helicopter Airways, Inc.

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (620) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
R. S. Angstadt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Post Office ◽  
World War ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Second World ◽  
The U.S

The operations of Chicago Helicopter Airways represent a portion of the total Federal effort within the United States on behalf of helicopter development. This effort has been an outgrowth of the interest of the Civil Aeronautics Board and the U.S. Post Office Department which has a long tradition of looking for new developments in transport and of experimenting in new ways to move mail. Post Office interest in the aeroplane was the chief stimulus to the early development of U.S. airlines and dates back to the first scheduled air mail route authorised between New York and Washington in August 1918. It was natural, then, that the Post Office Department should have interest in the helicopter as it emerged in usable form for civil use after the Second World War.

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