scholarly journals An Investigation of Natural Background Radiation and Health Risk Assessment in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fouladi ◽  
Razzagh Abedi-Firouzjah
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Background Radiations ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Risk Sources

Background: The natural radiation, which comes from the environment, is one of the most important cancer risk sources. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the natural background radiations (BRs) and estimate the annual effective dose (AED), as well as the health risks in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. Methods: background radiations for both indoors and outdoors were measured using a Geiger-Muller detector (X5C plus) in eight cities. Five points were chosen in each city for the BR measurements, and in each point, five stations were randomly selected and measured. Results: The average outdoor and indoor dose rates were obtained 136.9 ± 12.5 and 149.3 ± 19.8 nSv.h-1, respectively. The mean AEDs for adults, children, and infants were 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mSv.y-1 resulting from the outdoor exposure, in that order, and these values for indoor irradiation were 0.73, 0.84, and 0.94 mSv.y-1. The percentage of excess lifetime cancer risks due to indoor exposure was 4.6% for whole populations and 3% for adults. The heritable effects risk for these groups were 0.17 and 0.073%, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that the average value of BR dose rates was higher than the global value. The reason can be due to the high exposure levels of hot springs, igneous rock, and high altitudes in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.

scholarly journals Measurement of radiation dose level within Queen Amina Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nuraddeen Nasiru Garba ◽  
Rabiu Nasiru ◽  
Muniba Sufiyan ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Vatsa
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Measurement of background radiation is of great interest for it provides useful information in monitoring environmental radioactivity. The aim of the present study is to provide information and generate database on the natural background radiation dose levels of densely populated Queen Amina Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The radiation dose (outdoor and indoor dose rate) were measured at 29 rooms (Block 1- 4) and their compounds using RADOS survey meter held at 1m above the ground. The measured radiation dose ranged 0.13 nGyh-1 to 0.43 nGyh-1 and 0.54 nGyh-1 to 1.72 nGyh1 for indoor and outdoor respectively. Some of the high values recorded could be attributed due to the contribution of cosmic radiation emanating from the atmosphere as well as the geological settings of the location as there is no any artificial contributing factor within the area. The annual effective doses within the study area was found to be 0.01 mSvy-1 throughout which is quit below the world average value of 0.87 mSvy-1 for natural sources. Keywords: Radiation dose, Annual effective dose, RADOS meter, Queen Amina

GAMMA DOSE RATES IN THE HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF MANGALORE REGION, INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwish Al-Azmi ◽  
Sudeep Kumara ◽  
M P Mohan ◽  
N Karunakara
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
High Background ◽  
Natural Background Radiation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Gamma Dose Rates ◽  
High Background Radiation Area ◽  
Normal Background

Abstract Elevated levels of natural background radiation due to scattered patches of monazite sand around the beaches of Mangalore, India, have been reported earlier. A comparative study of gamma dose rates was performed in both normal background and high natural background radiation areas around Mangalore using different types of portable gamma dosimeters. In addition to this, gamma-ray energy spectra were acquired, in situ, using a NaI(Tl) based portable gamma spectrometer. Soil and sand samples were collected for laboratory analysis with HPGe detectors. Measurements were carried out during the years 2016–18 revealed that in majority of the locations the gamma dose rates were similar to the normal background regions, whereas, in certain locations the dose rates were higher with values up to 530 nSv/h.

scholarly journals Review on the diagnosis and antibiotic therapy of otitis media in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
S. Abdullahi ◽  
A.S. Ahmad ◽  
B. Abdulkadir ◽  
Y. Kabir ◽  
S. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Measurement of background radiation is of great interest for it provides useful information in monitoring environmental radioactivity. The aim of the present study is to provide information and generate database on the natural background radiation dose levels of densely populated Queen Amina Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The radiation dose (outdoor and indoor dose rate) were measured at 29 rooms (Block 1- 4) and their compounds using RADOS survey meter held at 1m above the ground. The measured radiation dose ranged 0.13 nGyh-1 to 0.43 nGyh-1 and 0.54 nGyh-1 to 1.72 nGyh-1 1 for indoor and outdoor respectively. Some of the high values recorded could be attributed due to the contribution of cosmic radiation emanating from the atmosphere as well as the geological settings of the location as there is no any artificial contributing factor within the area. The annual effective doses within the study area was found to be 0.01 mSvy-1 throughout which is quit below the world average value of 0.87 mSvy-1 for natural sources. Keywords: Radiation dose, Annual effective dose, RADOS meter, Queen Amina

scholarly journals Comprehensive exposure assessments from the viewpoint of health in a unique high natural background radiation area, Mamuju, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Kusdiana ◽  
Untara ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Natural Background Radiation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radiation Area

AbstractMamuju is one of the regions in Indonesia which retains natural conditions but has relatively high exposure to natural radiation. The goals of the present study were to characterize exposure of the entire Mamuju region as a high natural background radiation area (HNBRA) and to assess the existing exposure as a means for radiation protection of the public and the environment. A cross-sectional study method was used with cluster sampling areas by measuring all parameters that contribute to external and internal radiation exposures. It was determined that Mamuju was a unique HNBRA with the annual effective dose between 17 and 115 mSv, with an average of 32 mSv. The lifetime cumulative dose calculation suggested that Mamuju residents could receive as much as 2.2 Sv on average which is much higher than the average dose of atomic bomb survivors for which risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases are demonstrated. The study results are new scientific data allowing better understanding of health effects related to chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure and they can be used as the main input in a future epidemiology study.

scholarly journals Study of natural background radiation in Kathmandu Valley

BIBECHANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Parkash Pantha ◽  
Tanka Prasad Bhusal ◽  
Budha Ram Shah ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Natural Background Radiation ◽  
Dose Rates

The study of natural background radiation dose at thirty two locations of Kathmandu valley has been done successfully using the instrument Radalert 100. The average dose rates and annual effective dose were measured. From the measurements, the least value of average dose rate was found to be (22.3±3.9)×10-3 mR/hr for Sundhara and the greatest value of average dose rate was  found to be (37.7±7)×10-3 mR/hr for Budhanilkantha 3.  As per the annual effective dose, the least value was 0.391 mSv/yr for Sundhara and the greatest value was 0.661 mSv/yr for Budhanilkantha 3. The average annual effective dose of Kathmandu valley was 0.475 mSv/yr ranging from 0.391 mSv/yr to 0.661 mSv/yr. The values thus obtained were compared to the worldwide average value of annual effective dose, 0.48 mSv/yr. Also, the obtained values were compared to the legal dose limit (annual effective dose), 1 mSv/yr set by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for non-radiation workers and members of public. Among these thirty two locations, eight locations were chosen such that they had larger range of the observed dose rates. Those eight locations were re-observed. Further, Chi-square test was carried out to test whether the observed dose rates were following normal distribution or not. From the calculation, it was observed that the observed dose rates were following the normal distribution.BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 187-195

Radioactivity of building materials in Mahallat, Iran – an area exposed to a high level of natural background radiation – attenuation of external radiation doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (340) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shahrokhi ◽  
M. Adelikhah ◽  
S. Chalupnik ◽  
E. Kocsis ◽  
E. Toth-Bodrogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Natural Background Radiation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Town

In this study, mass activity of naturally occurring radioactive materials were measured in twenty-three building material samples, use extensively in the area exposed to a high level of natural background radiation (Mahallat, Iran), to determine the radioactivity index and changes to the level of indoor gamma radiation. The mass activity of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were within the ranges from 18 ± 3 to 44 ± 10 Bq/kg (average of 27 ± 6 Bq/kg), 22 ± 5 to 53 ± 14 Bq/kg (average of 34 ± 6 Bq/kg) and 82 ± 18 to 428 ± 79 Bq/kg (average of 276 ± 58 Bq/kg), respectively. The gamma dose rates for population were estimated between 48 ± 9 and 111 ± 26 nGy/h with exception of radon exhalation from building materials. Since the air kerma rate in the town varies from 0.8 to 4 μGy/h, the attenuation coefficient was calculated for buildings made of the aforementioned materials. Additionally, the annual gamma radiation doses for inhabitants were calculated based on time spent outdoors and indoors.

scholarly journals Measuring the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes and radiation dose rates for Missan Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Hussein Zarkooshi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Natural Background Radiation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Measurement Results

This research included measuring the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes U-238 and Th-232 and radiation dose rates for selected areas of Missan province, GR-460 system was used which has the potential to measure the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes in (ppm) unit and measuring the radiation dose rates in μR/h unit. It was also used with the system the mobile device FH-40 which measures the radiation dose rates in units μSμ/h the measurement results showed the absence of a significant increase in the U-238 and Th-232 concentration where the concentration of isotopes of U-238 and natural Th-232 (3.35-5.46) ppm respectively it is authorized and universally accepted. In terms of radiation dose rates it ranged between 45-65ոSv/հ by GR-460 system and FH-40 device and all these values are within the natural background radiation. Except for one outlying villages that affiliate to the Kahla area were found the radioactive source type 137Cs was left in a swamp of water rancid. Dose rate reached about 6 meters distance from the source 5.3 mSv/h by FH-40 device and GR-460 system 90.6 μR/h where equivalent 815 ոSvհ. The radioactive source has been transferred safely to the main store in AlTuwaitha site.

scholarly journals Radiometric evaluation of natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices in soils from quarries sites in southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Omowumi Ademila ◽  
Raphael Ugo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Average Value

Quarry activities increase the radiation dose received by humans by distributing the radionuclides associated with the natural resources to the soil surfaces. This study assessed the level of natural radiations in soils around two quarry sites to a maximum depth of 2.0 m and up to 500 m away from the sites. Activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in twenty soil samples collected from the quarries in Ondo State were measured by means of high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Average value of 232Th, 238U and 40K measured were 0.0027±0.0003 Bq/kg and 0.0036±0.00036 Bq/kg, 0.028±0.0012 Bq/kg and 0.026±0.0012 Bq/kg and 47.45±0.0313 Bq/kg and 69.42±0.0313 Bq/kg respectively. The estimated absorbed dose rates in all the soils investigated ranged from 0.38 nGy/hr to 15.67 nGy/hr and the annual mean effective dose equivalent varied from 2.13 to 10.28 µSv/yr. The results revealed that the activity concentrations and radiological hazard indices when compared with their corresponding world permissible values are less than the recommended safe levels. This indicates that quarry activities in the areas have not enhanced the background radiation level of the areas. Regular exposure of the quarry workers and the people around the study areas pose no health hazards in the near future. 

Application of Cloud Chambers for Heuristic Comprehension of Radiation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Tawara ◽  
Shinji Hara ◽  
Kazuo Koga ◽  
Kenji Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Source ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Background Radiations

In the nuclear-related public relation center, a variety of displays such as models of nuclear facility, panel presentations to explain radiation properties, radiation detectors are used for the visitors to help the understanding of nuclear power and radiation. The PR center demonstrates various aspect of the radiation such as the presence of natural background radiations around us in the daily life, shielding effect for the different kind of radiations. Cloud Chambers are often used to demonstrate the presence of natural background radiation, showing tracks caused by the ionizing effect. The shielding effect of radiation is demonstrated by inserting a shield material between a radiation source and the detector such as GM counter. It is usually illustrated in the panel that the penetration properties are different for kinds of radiation but actual demonstration is seldom used. Then a question arises that people cannot properly understand overall characteristics of the radiation in the above described demonstrations in the PR center. So we have been trying to improve a utilization method of a cloud chamber to help the deep understanding of properties of radiation. The improved cloud chamber has the area size of 225 mm × 225 mm with 100 mm in depth and has the structure for the function of insertion and extraction of both a radiation source and a shield material, independently. When a radiation source such as Cs-137 or Fe-55 is inserted in the chamber, it is clearly shown that high energy electron created by gamma-ray or X-ray emitted from such radioisotope can make track with different length. It is also shown using lantern core with thorium-series isotopes that thick track can be made by alpha particle. Fe-55 radioisotope generates 5.9 keV X-rays, which produces about 1mm track in the chamber through photoelectron. When a shield material of lead with a thickness of 1mm was inserted in front of the source, the fading out of the tracks is clearly observed. Thus shielding effect can be easily confirmed by eye using cloud chamber. The demonstrations of shielding effect described above can help more clear and essential understanding of the radiations. This was shown by the questionnaire survey done before and after the demonstrations for the 32 participants. For further improvements of the cloud chamber, we are planning to enlarge the size of cloud chamber and to get much clearer track image by improving track illumination method. Finally we will re-consider more effective explanation to give correct understanding of the radiation and will verify the effectiveness of utilization method of new cloud chamber.

Screening of Extremophile Microalgae Isolated from High Background Radiation Areas as Source of Bioactive Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Heidari ◽  
Zeinab Shariatmadari ◽  
Hossein Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Unicellular Cyanobacterium ◽  
High Background ◽  
Cadmium Adsorption

Background: Microalgae are the source of various compounds with high potentials for being used in different industries. The production of such compounds can be raised under extreme conditions. In the present study, four cyanobacteria and one coccoid green alga were examined which were isolated from hot springs in high background radiation areas in Ramsar, a city in the north of Iran. Methods: Cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution, response towards cadmium stress, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound and drought tolerance were investigated in these microalgae. Results: The results showed that these extremophile microalgae contain valuable biological compounds which can be useful in remediation of heavy metals from contaminated water and soils and pharmaceutical applications. The unicellular cyanobacterium, Chroococidiopsis thermalis IBRC-M50002, was the best strain with the highest biological activity in various testes such as cadmium adsorption (225 mg g-1), cadmium tolerance stress (100 mg ml-1), antioxidant activity (IC50= 18 μg mg-1) and total phenol content (100 μg ml-1). The coccoid green algae Grasiella emersonii IBRC-M50001, also exhibited significant antioxidant activity (IC50=10 μg mg-1) and total phenol compound (116 μg ml-1), but its cadmium adsorption, tolerance at cadmium stress and desiccation were lower than Chroococidiopsis thermalis. Conclusion: HBRAs microalgae, isolated from extreme conditions, are useful microorganisms for the production of bioactive substances and natural antioxidants. In other words, they exhibited high capacity to be used in pharmaceutical, industrial and commercial applications.

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