scholarly journals Reasons for Requesting a CT Scan and Amount of Radiation Exposure in Hospitalized Children, the Issue Needs Attention

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Kiani ◽  
Leila Barati ◽  
MohammadHadi Gharib ◽  
Mohammadali Vakili ◽  
Farshid Kompani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Effective Interventions

Background: Computerized Tomographic (CT) scan is a rapid, non-invasive, and common diagnostic modality in radiology. More and faster growth of cells, as well as longer lifespan of a child, may lead to a cumulative effect of radiation and a greater chance of mutation, especially in children who are more vulnerable. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the current trend in the use of this modality. Methods: In this descriptive study, all cases of children admitted to Taleghani Hospital who were studied by CT scan during the years 2018 - 2019, entered in survey. Demographic information, anatomical location of the scan, findings from the CT scan report, initial and final diagnosis, number of scans, patient’s complaint that led to his hospitalization and total amount of radiation received by the patient were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 with descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, and mean and standard deviation). Results: In this study, 344 scans of 280 patients were reviewed. Out of 280 patients, 222 patients underwent scan from one, 55 patients from two and four patients from three different anatomical locations. There were 146 male patients (52.1%) with a mean age of 57.7 months and 134 female patients (47.9%) with a mean age of 54.7 months. Out of all scans, the brain was reported with 45%, chest 30%, and other areas 25%. The CT scan was performed at the request of the doctor in charge. Pneumonia (19%) followed by convulsion (17%) and febrile seizures (12%) were the most common complaints. The number of completely normal CT was 151 scans (44.02%), with brain scans having the highest rate of normal scans with 74.19%. Brain scans with an average of 358.66 milliGray.centimeter (mGy.cm) and a maximum of 995.30 mG/cm had the highest average absorbed dose. Conclusions: In this study, the rate of normal CT scans was relatively high and the range of rays available for each modality was significantly wide. Effective interventions must be made in this regard.

Management of the Orbital Floor in Silent Sinus Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Thomas ◽  
Scott M. Graham ◽  
Keith D. Carter ◽  
Jeffrey A. Nerad
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Orbital Floor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Silent Sinus Syndrome ◽  
Orbital Floor Reconstruction ◽  
Preoperative Ct

Background Enophthalmos in a patient with an opacified hypoplastic maxillary sinus, without sinus symptomatology, describes the silent sinus syndrome. A current trend is to perform endoscopic maxillary antrostomy and orbital floor reconstruction as a single-staged operation. A two-staged approach is performed at our institution to avoid placement of an orbital floor implant in the midst of potential infection and allow for the possibility that enophthalmos and global ptosis may resolve with endoscopic antrostomy alone, obviating the need for orbital floor reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review identified four patients with silent sinus syndrome evaluated between June 1999 and August 2001. Patients presented to our ophthalmology department with ocular asymmetry, and computerized tomography (CT) scanning confirmed the diagnosis in each case. Results There were three men and one woman, with ages ranging from 27 to 40 years. All patients underwent endoscopic maxillary antrostomy. Preoperative enophthalmos determined by Hertel's measurements ranged from 3 to 4 mm. After endoscopic maxillary antrostomy, the range of reduction in enophthalmos was 1–2 mm. Case 2 had a preoperative CT scan and a CT scan 9 months after left endoscopic maxillary antrostomy. Volumetric analysis of the left maxillary sinus revealed a preoperative volume of 16.85 ± 0.06 cm3 and a postoperative volume of 19.56 ± 0.07 cm3. This represented a 16% increase in maxillary sinus volume postoperatively. Orbital floor augmentation was avoided in two patients because of satisfactory improvement in enophthalmos. In the other two patients, orbital reconstruction was performed as a second-stage procedure. There were no complications. Conclusion Orbital floor augmentation can be offered as a second-stage procedure for patients with silent sinus syndrome. Some patients’ enophthalmos may improve with endoscopic antrostomy alone.

EFFECTIVE DOSE FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Maryam Naseri ◽  
Mohammad Shahsavan ◽  
Faeze Salahshour ◽  
Soheil Peiman ◽  
Seyed Farshad Allameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Higher Ed ◽  
Radiological Procedures

Abstract The extent of radiation exposure in emergency settings is not well documented; here, the corresponding effective dose (ED) is provided. In 500 patients admitted in row to the emergency department, ED was compared in patients according to complaints and their visiting physicians. Out of all, 220 patients aged 43.5 ± 22.2 years (admission: 2.0 ± 1.6 days) had at least an imaging. The main reasons for admission were trauma (10.5%) and then orthopedic problems (8.6%). EDs from CT and radiography were 1.66 ± 3.59 and 0.71 ± 1.67 mSv, respectively (from all 2.29 ± 4.12). Patients with abdominal (5.8 ± 5.2 mSv; p < 0.002) and pelvic (12.0 ± 6.3 mSv; p < 0.007) complaints received higher ED from CT and radiography and, also, patients visited by surgeons (7.94 ± 6.9 mSv). CT scan was the main source for ED to patients. Irrespective of the final diagnosis, patients with abdominopelvic complaints and those visited by surgeons are at higher exposure risk.

scholarly journals Role of Computed Tomography Scan in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
Sharvari Shashikant Gulve ◽  
Pratapsingh Hanumantsingh Parihar ◽  
Rajasbala Pradeep Dhande
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pancreatic Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

BACKGROUND Pancreatic lesions range from inflammation to malignancy and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Imaging pancreatic lesion is challenging as pancreas is located retroperitoneally and with close proximity to bowel and major blood vessels. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea are commonly reported symptoms. They are associated with high morbidity. Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) is the modality of choice for detecting pancreatic pathology. It is highly sensitive in detecting necrosis, pancreatitis, peripancreatic fluid collections, calcification, neoplasm, pancreatic enlargement, atrophy and cystic lesions of pancreas. Computed tomography (CT) scan has made it possible to identify and detect various benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. METHODS A prospective observational study of 180 patients with complaints suggestive of pancreatic disease was done based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasonography in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe). Siemens Somatom 16 slice CT scan machine was used. All 180 patients underwent plain and contrast enhanced CT scan. RESULTS Out of 180 study participants 105 (58.33 %) were with acute pancreatitis followed by 43 (23.89 %) with chronic pancreatitis, 21 (11.67 %) with acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, 10 (5.56 %) participants with carcinoma pancreas and 1 (0.56 %) participant with pancreatic injury participated in the study. CONCLUSIONS Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is an excellent diagnostic modality to stage severity of inflammatory process, staging of neoplastic lesions and traumatic injury. It is most accurate and affordable non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of pancreatic lesions. It is a standard investigation to identify and quantify distribution of various pancreatic lesions and also evaluates activeness and progression of disease. Thus, it helps in accurate diagnosis and characterization of lesion and in proper treatment of patients. KEY WORDS Pancreas, Imaging, Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Computed tomographic evaluation of inflammatory sinonasal diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kandukuri ◽  
Suresh Phatak
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Ct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Modality

Background: Computed Tomography plays a major diagnostic role in patients with inflammatory sinonasal diseases and determines the mode of management by displaying the complex osteomeatal anatomy, determining anatomical variations, extent of disease and characterizing various inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Purpose of the study was to assess the role of CT in evaluation of inflammatory sinonasal diseases by evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of CT in diagnosis of various inflammatory Sinonasal diseases.Methods: In this hospital based prospective study 122 patients with symptomatic inflammatory sinonasal diseases were evaluated by 16 slice MDCT. CT diagnosis is correlated with final diagnosis obtained from findings of nasal endoscopy/Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, histopathological examination and fungal culture. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using Test statistics (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy) and Z test for single proportions (Z value >1.96 is considered significant). Software used in the analysis was SPSS 17.0 version and graph pad prism 6.0 version and p <0.05 is considered as level of significance.Results: On correlating CT diagnosis with final diagnosis, Chronic Sinusitis had 98.41% sensitivity and 96.61% specificity, fungal sinusitis had 66.67% sensitivity and specificity 99.14%, polyps had sensitivity of 94.59% and specificity of 97.6%, the rest of the inflammatory conditions had sensitivity 93.7 % and 99% specificity. P value in all instances was <0.05, i.e. <0.0001, indicating the significance of the findings.Conclusions: CT is the diagnostic modality of choice in evaluation of various inflammatory pathologies and associated complications thereby planning the further management of the patient.

scholarly journals Classification of Breast Cancer from Digital Mammography Using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (65) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Daniel López-Cabrera ◽  
Luis Alberto López Rodríguez ◽  
Marlén Pérez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Mammographic Images ◽  
In Series

Breast cancer is the most frequent in females. Mammography has proven to be the most effective method for the early detection of this type of cancer. Mammographic images are sometimes difficult to understand, due to the nature of the anomalies, the low contrast image and the composition of the mammary tissues, as well as various technological factors such as spatial resolution of the image or noise. Computer-aided diagnostic systems have been developed to increase the accuracy of mammographic examinations and be used by physicians as a second opinion in obtaining the final diagnosis, and thus reduce human errors. Convolutional neural networks are a current trend in computer vision tasks, due to the great performance they have achieved. The present investigation was based on this type of networks to classify into three classes, normal, benign and malignant tumour. Due to the fact that the miniMIAS database used has a low number of images, the transfer learning technique was applied to the Inception v3 pre-trained network. Two convolutional neural network architectures were implemented, obtaining in the architecture with three classes, 86.05% accuracy. On the other hand, in the architecture with two neural networks in series, an accuracy of 88.2% was reached.

scholarly journals Splenic Epidermoid Cyst - A Rare Case Managed in a private medical college hospital of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Mohibul Aziz ◽  
Md Omar Faruk ◽  
Md Mahbub Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Epidermoid Cyst ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Splenic Cysts ◽  
Operative Recovery

Splenic cysts are rarely detected, and clinically diagnosed commonly as spleenomegaly . Thenature of the cyst could not be diagnosed pre-operatively because of its’ anatomical location andonly be confirmed by the histopathological assessments. These cysts are found as a sequel ofsplenic infarct followed by the abscess formation. This is a very rare condition of a minor boy ofonly 10 years’ old who presented with a hugely enlarged spleen. The common investigation(s)did not prove that it was in the haematological conditions. Ultrasonogram (USG) investigationshows spleenomegaly due to the cystic lesion. CT scan of the abdomen showed large andwell defined cystic mass which was 13.4cmX7.9cmX15.3cm in size, multi-loculated, septated,sharply demarcated as such well delineated cyst. After necessary preparation like vaccination,blood grouping, cross matching and other fitness, laparotomy and total spleenectomy was doneas the cyst occupied most of the Splenic tissue. The post operative recovery was uneventful andthe final diagnosis was confirmed by histopatholgical examinations as epidermoid cyst of thespleen. The patient was followed up for two consecutive months and not a single complicationwas noticed. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.177-180

scholarly journals Transthoracic Ultrasound in Infectious Organizing Pneumonia: A Useful Guide for Percutaneous Needle Biopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Carla Maria Irene Quarato ◽  
Cristina Borelli ◽  
Lucia Dimitri ◽  
Paolo Graziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Organizing Pneumonia ◽  
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Transthoracic Ultrasound

In patients presenting with classical features of CAP (i.e., new peripheral pulmonary consolidations and symptoms including fever, cough, and dyspnea), a clinical response to the appropriate therapy occurs in few days. When clinical improvement has not occurred and chest imaging findings are unchanged or worse, a more aggressive approach is needed in order to exclude other non-infective lesions (including neoplasms). International guidelines do not currently recommend the use of transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) as an alternative to chest X-ray (CXR) or chest computed tomography (CT) scan for the diagnosis of CAP. However, a fundamental role for TUS has been established as a guide for percutaneous needle biopsy (US-PNB) in pleural and subpleural lesions. In this retrospective study, we included 36 consecutive patients whose final diagnosis, made by a US-guided percutaneous needle biopsy (US-PTNB), was infectious organizing pneumonia (OP). Infective etiology was confirmed by additional information from microbiological and cultural studies or with a clinical follow-up of 6–12 months after a second-line antibiotic therapy plus corticosteroids. All patients have been subjected to a chest CT and a systematic TUS examination before biopsy. This gave us the opportunity to explore TUS performance in assessing CT findings of infective OP. TUS sensitivity and specificity in detecting air bronchogram and necrotic areas were far lower than those of CT scan. Conversely, TUS showed superiority in the detection of pleural effusion. Although ultrasound findings did not allow the characterization of chronic subpleural lesions, TUS confirmed to be a valid diagnostic aid for guiding percutaneous needle biopsy of subpleural consolidations.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Features of Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadia Gareeballah ◽  
Moawia Gameraddin ◽  
Sultan Abdulwadoud Alshoabi ◽  
Lubna Bushara ◽  
Ikhlas Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Ct Features

Introduction: Early diagnosis of COVID-19 is important for disease treatment and management. Computed Tomography (CT) is a fast and easy modality for diagnosis and management plan of patients with COVID-19. In the literature, several studies were done to assess the sensitivity of CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in comparison to Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Some studies stated that CT was more sensitive diagnostic modality for COVID-19 than RT-PCR. However, the sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 varies in these studies. Aim: This literature review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia, to verify the pooled sensitivity of CT for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to review the different reasons (e.g., the disease stage or severity and the negative or positive RT-PCR results) for the variations in CT sensitivity. Materials and Methods: This review analysed 31 articles selected from the Europe BMC, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. Participant gender mean and median age, CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia were sought for and reviewed. The data was analysed using Microsoft excel version 10 and OpenMeta (Analyst) software (http://www.cebm.brown.edu/openmeta/) to verify the pooled sensitivity of CT in detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia using meta-analyses forest plot, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, cumulative meta-analyses forest plot and leave one forest plot. Results: The most common CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were bilateral lung involvement, Ground Glass Opacity (GGO), and consolidation, and Crazy-paving pattern. The CT finding is more prominent in symptomatic and severe cases than in a symptomatic and mild cases specifically the presence of consolidation and peripherals lesion distribution. The pooled sensitivity of CT is 90% in diagnosis and detection of COVID-19 pneumonia (ranged 60-100%). Conclusion: Combination of CT chest and laboratory tests along with clinical manifestation and epidemiological features should be considered to confirm the final diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Patterns for Differentiation of Posterior Fossa Neoplasms as Detected by Brain Scans

1970 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Frank DeLand ◽  
A. EveretteJames ◽  
Henry Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Posterior View ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Cranial Fossa

SummaryThe histological characteristics of neoplasms that occur in the posterior cranial fossa can often be predicted by a knowledge of the patient’s age and the specific anatomical location of the tumor. Dividing the posterior fossa into midline, cerebellar fossa and cerebellopontine angle provides a scheme to characterize abnormal accumulations of radioactivity according to their anatomical locations. Midline lesions arise from bases activity on the lateral view and are in the midline on the posterior view. Lesions of the cerebellar fossa may be adjacent to but do not appear to arise from the basal structures and are not in the midline. Cerebellopontine angle tumors are adjacent to and appear to arise from the normal radioactivity at the skull base but lie lateral to the midline. The expected distribution of histological types of neoplasms in each area according to age are discussed.

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