Interpretation of CT Scan Findings During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Nouri ◽  
Omolbanin Delashoub ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi-Rabori ◽  
Reza Afzalipour ◽  
Salman Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Almost All

: Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia as more information has become available about its symptoms and complications. Similar to other coronavirus-induced cases of pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute respiratory problems. The chest CT scan, which is easily available in almost all areas, is a common imaging technique for diagnosing pneumonia. Its findings, which are accompanied by high speed, quality, and accuracy, allow the radiologist to easily identify affected areas of the lungs and to determine typical radiological features of patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. These features include ground-glass opacity, multifocal patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes with the peripheral distribution. The highest incidence occurs in the 4th and 5th lobes, where about 50% to 75% of the lesions observed. For infected patients, the CT scan protocol includes administration of HRCT technique in the inspiration phase with spiral 4-slice devices and higher. Scan parameters also include KV: 100 - 120, and mAs: 20 - 30, thickness = 1 - 2 mm, spiral, single breath-hold, and Pitch = 0.8 - 1.5, which are determined for all patients. Since there are restrictions on using ionizing radiation for pregnant women, it is recommended to initially conduct PCR tests. If necessary, typical radiography with an abdominal shield can be used for women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the HRCT technique in low doses can be used for those in the second and third trimesters.

Precision of Multi-Echo CMR for Myocardial Iron Overload Evaluation Is Dependent From MR Sequence Design

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5169-5169
Author(s):  
Antonella Meloni ◽  
incenzo Positano ◽  
Alessia Pepe ◽  
Dell'Amico Maria Chiara ◽  
Luca Menichetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Myocardial Iron ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold ◽  
Values Assessment ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Abstract 5169 Introduction. T2* multiecho cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is largely used to assess iron overload in heart because of the established inverse relationship between the T2* value and the iron concentration in tissues (Wood JC et al, Hemoglobin 2008). The decay of CMR signal is sampled at several echo times (TEs) and the T2* is inferred by fitting the decay curve to an appropriate model (Positano V et al, NMR in Biomed 2007). Our aim was to quantify the reliance on TEs of the expected error in T2* value determination. Methods. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds theory (CRLB) was used. CRLB provide a fundamental limit to the accuracy in determination of the T2* value from experimental data in dependence of SNR at signal samples. CRLB were evaluated for a commonly used multi-echo sequence with the first TE equal to the minimum achievable (1.4-2 ms), ΔTE of about 2.3 ms to minimize the fat-water interface artifacts, 10 echoes to assure acquisition in a single breath-hold. Results. Percent error in T2* values assessment was lower than 10% in the range of clinical interest, with the exception of very low T2* values. Precision in measurement of low T2* values is strongly dependent on the value of the first TE, that is limited by the used scanner. T2* values greater than 1.8 ms and 1.5 ms can be assessed with an error below 20% using a first TE of 2 ms and 1.5 ms, respectively (see Figure). Conclusions. T2* multiecho sequences used in clinical practice assure an acceptable precision for T2* values ≥ 2 ms, depending from the used hardware. This limit includes almost all patients with hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis in country where the patients can be well managed. For patients with very high myocardial iron overload sequences with lower minimum echo time and/or lower echoes interval may be useful. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals High speed bolus tagging: time resolved velocity quantification of pulsatile flow in a single breath hold

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Chien ◽  
David Saloner ◽  
Gerhard Laub ◽  
Orlando Simonetti ◽  
Charles M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold

scholarly journals EP-2041: Registration accuracy of high-speed single breath-hold kV-CBCT lung cancer imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. S1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arns ◽  
J. Fleckenstein ◽  
F. Schneider ◽  
J. Boda-Heggemann ◽  
Y. Abo-Madyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Registration Accuracy ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold

Single-breath-hold venous or arterial flow-suppressed pulmonary vascular MR imaging with phased-array coils

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. F. Foo ◽  
James R. Macfall ◽  
H. Dirk Sostman ◽  
Cecil E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold ◽  
Phased Array Coils ◽  
Array Coils

scholarly journals Quantitative single breath-hold renal arterial spin labeling imaging at 7T

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Li ◽  
Edward J. Auerbach ◽  
Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele ◽  
Kamil Ugurbil ◽  
Gregory J. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold

Changing effect of lung volume on respiratory drive in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Stanley ◽  
M. D. Altose ◽  
S. G. Kelsen ◽  
C. F. Ward ◽  
N. S. Cherniack
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Hold ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Residual Capacity

Experiments were conducted on human subjects to study the effect of lung inflation during breath holding on respiratory drive. Two series of experiments were performed: the first to examine respiratory drive during a single breath hold, the second designed to examine the sustained effect of lung inflation on subsequent breath holds. The experiments involved breath holding begun either at the end of a normal expiration or after a maximum inspiration. When breath holding was repeated at 10-min intervals, the increase in BHT produced by lung inflation was greater in short breath holds (after CO2 rebreathing) than in long breath holds (after hyperventilation). If breath holds were made in rapid succession, the first breath hold was much longer when made at total lung capacity than at functional residual capacity, but this effect of lung inflation diminished in subsequent breath holds. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of lung inflation decays during breath holding and is regained remarkably slowly during the period of breathing immediately after breath holding.

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