scholarly journals Secured Message Broadcasting in VANET using Blowfish Algorithm with Oppositional Deer Hunting Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
M. Selvi ◽  
◽  
B. Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Deer Hunting ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Vehicle Position ◽  
Vanet Security ◽  
Message Broadcasting ◽  
Brute Force Attack

Emergency Message broadcasting is an important process in VANET. Security and reliable transmission are the two major concerns in message broadcasting. VANET is open to unauthorized nodes, hackers, misbehaving vehicles, malicious attackers etc without security. Without valid confirmation of authorized vehicles, these types of attacks may occur. To enhance the reliability in message broadcasting, some existing techniques are used. They transmit the data without much delay but they didn’t provide any trusted authentication. So hackers, malicious nodes, unauthorized vehicles may easily interrupt the emergency messages. Also Brute force attack, Man in Middle attack are not identified and eliminated. In this research, a trust based secured broadcasting mechanism is developed which ensures the metrics such as security, privacy, integrity, trust etc. The major intension of this research is to reduce latency and provide high reliable, secure and efficient communication over the vehicles. The data such as vehicle position, location, speed, and other traffic information’s are generated and stored in a separate table. A network is created with varying densities. A path is generated for message broadcasting between source and destination based on the specific gateway estimated. Here, Optimal Wireless Access in Vanet (OWAV) Protocol is employed to gather vehicle related information to reduce the delay. Blowfish encryption algorithm along with Oppositional Deer Hunting Optimization (ODHO) is used to store the trusted vehicles location to avoid unauthorized tracking. The performance of the proposed research is analyzed with various metrics such as Packet delivery ratio (PDR), transmission delay, encryption time, throughput, computational overhead etc. The efficiency of the research is compared with other existing methods.

Hybrid routing protocol for VANETs: Delay and trust based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Mamata J. Sataraddi ◽  
Mahabaleshwar S. Kakkasageri
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

VANET is mainly aimed at providing safety and security related information and traffic management. In future, VANET contributes to smart transportation system. Based on vehicle mobility, different routing protocols and traffic models were developed. In routing, trust between vehicles place an important role to forward safety related information. This paper aims at design of trust and delay based routing for hybrid communication in sparse VANET to avoid network attacks by malicious nodes. The proposed hybrid routing protocol works on the computation of trust in between vehicles and message reachable time (MRT). Route selection is done by considering the highest trust factor and minimum MRT. The performance effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing with the Delay-aware and Backbone-based Geographic Routing for Urban VANETs (DBGR). The proposed scheme exhibits better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization, end-to-end delay and control overheads.

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenice Prabu A ◽  
Hevin Rajesh D
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Aggregated Data

Abstract In Wireless sensor network, the major issues are security and energy consumption. There may be several numbers of malicious nodes present in sensor networks. Several techniques have been proposed by the researchers to identify these malicious nodes. WSNs contain many sensor nodes that sense their environment and also transmit their data via multi-hop communication schemes to the base station. These sensor nodes provides power supply using battery and the energy consumption of these batteries must be low. Securing the data is to avoid attacks on these nodes and data communication. The aggregation of data helps to minimize the amount of messages transmitted within the network and thus reduces overall network energy consumption. Moreover, the base station may distinguish the encrypted and aggregated data based on the encryption keys during the decryption of the aggregated data. In this paper, two aspects of the problem is concerned, we investigate the efficiency of data aggregation: first, how to develop cluster-based routing algorithms to achieve the lowest energy consumption for aggregating data, and second, security issues in wsn. By using Network simulator2 (NS2) this scheme is simulated. In the proposed scheme, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and throughput is analyzed. The proposed clustering, routing, and protection protocol based on the MCSDA algorithm shows significant improvement over the state-of - the-art protocol.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Selfish Node Attacks in Autoconfiguration of MANETs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Reshmi. T.R ◽  
Shymala L ◽  
Sandhya. M.K
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Selfish Nodes ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Acquisition Delay

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile nodes connected by wireless links without using any pre-existent infrastructure. Hence the assigning of unique IP address to the incoming node becomes difficult. There are various dynamic auto configuration protocols available to assign IP address to the incoming nodes including grid based protocol which assigns IP address with less delay and low protocol overhead. Such protocols get affected by presence of either selfish nodes or malicious nodes. Moreover there is no centralized approach to defend against these threats like in wired network such as firewall, intrusion detection system, proxy etc. The selfish nodes are the nodes which receive packet destined to it and drop packet destined to other nodes in order to save its energy and resources. This behavior of nodes affects normal functioning of auto configuration protocol. Many algorithms are available to isolate selfish nodes but they do not deal with presence of false alarm and protocol overhead. And also there are certain algorithms which use complex formulae and tedious mathematical calculations. The proposed algorithm in this paper helps to overcome the attack of selfish nodes effect in an efficient and scalable address auto configuration protocol that automatically configures a network by assigning unique IP addresses to all nodes with a very low protocol overhead, minimal address acquisition delay and computational overhead.

scholarly journals Secured Data Transmission and Malicious Node Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1069
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Secure Data Transmission ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is developed extremely because of their low installation cost and various applications. WSN has compact and inexpensive sensor nodes for monitoring the physical environment. WSNs are susceptible to many attacks (e.g. malicious nodes) because of its distinct characteristics. The performance of node and network is affected by the malicious nodes. Moreover, the communication among the sensor nodes also required to be secured for preventing the data from the hackers. In this paper, the architecture of the WSN is generated by using the Fuzzy-C-Means clustering (FCM). Then the detection of the malicious nodes is performed by using the Acknowledgement Scheme (AS). This AS is integrated in the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing for avoiding the malicious nodes while generating the route from the source to the Base Station (BS). Then the Hybrid Encryption Algorithm (HEA) is used for performing the secure data transmission through the network and this proposed method is named as HEA-AS. The performance of the HEA-AS method is evaluated in terms of End to End Delay (EED), network lifetime, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR). The proposed HEA-AS method is compared with the existing method called as CTCM to evaluate the effectiveness of the HEA-AS method.

scholarly journals Security and Privacy Issues of IoT at Fog Layer Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Michael
Keyword(s):  
Data Encryption ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Cipher Text ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Encryption Decryption

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) based applications and systems are gaining attention in the recent days because of their vast benefits such as efficient utilization of resources, enhanced data collection, improved security, lesser human efforts and reduced time. Security of sensitive data in IoT based fog environments is inevitable to prevent those data to be misused by the attackers. In this study, we present an improved hybrid algorithm termed as HQCP-ABE (Hybrid Quantum key Cipher text Policy Attribute based Encryption with Cipher text update) that integrates highly effective algorithms such as CP-ABE, Quantum key cryptography and cipher text update. The proposed algorithm eliminates the need of costly pairing during decryptions and efficiently performs data encryption, decryption and user authorization. The proposed protocol is demonstrated to be highly efficient in terms of encryption and decryption while compared to other existing methods. It also achieves lesser packet loss, reduced control overheads, reduced computational overhead during encryption and decryption processes, lesser delay, improved security, packet delivery ratio, throughput, network lifetime with limited bandwidth and user privacy. We further considered energy consumption in this study. The proposed HQCP-ABE method is demonstrated using ns3 simulation and compared with existing CP-ABE and PA-CPABE methods.

scholarly journals Secure Routing through Refining Reliability for WSN against DoS Attacks using AODSD2V2 Algorithm for AMI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Reliable Routing

Secure and reliable routing expands the performance of wireless communication infrastructure of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).This paper tries to deliver reliable routing using combination of AODV(Reactive type protocol) and DSDV(proactive type protocol) protocol considering WSN. Different kinds of Attack annoys the enactment of communication infrastructure of AMI. This paper defends communication infrastructure from DoS (Denial of service) attack. The main aim of this paper try to provide reliable routing with security. Communication infrastructure is a key element of AMI. Providing reliability and security for communication infrastructure we can improve the performance of AMI. Due to this electricity sector can save millions of dollars and we provide social awareness about importance of electricity security or Smart Grid. This paper calculates the security in terms of delay, energy consumption, throughput, PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) and overhead. By considering these parameters we will calculate Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability and Accountability (non- repudiation). Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) considered for wireless communication infrastructure for the AMI. Sensor nodes are battered for attack. Intended for AODSD2V2 (Ad Hoc on Demand Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol) protects the data packets from malicious nodes and DoS attack. For the WSN network infrastructure two kinds of topologies are considered 1. Random deployment strategy 2. Grid deployment. Network Simulator2 (NS2) delivers comparatively simulation results intended for the calculation of reliability and security.

scholarly journals TASM: Trust Aware Scheme for Secure and Reliable Data Transmission in MANETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-424
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Wireless sensor nodes are tiny and have limited battery and memory. These sensor nodes are distributed and self organizing networks. Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANETs) has wide range of applications areas. Growing usage of MANETs in various applications makes a paramount issue in providing QoS. MANETs are vulnerable to different kinds of malicious attacks due to its dynamic nature, which affects nodes connectivity, increase in energy consumption and functionality. Centralized and cryptographic security approaches requires more computational functions which increases overhead. Traditional approaches have more overhead. Most existing trust-based security schemes for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) consider packet loss an indicator of possible attacks by malicious nodes. Thus to achieve secure and reliable data transfer a trust aware scheme is required to evaluate trust level among honest and malicious nodes. In this paper we propose Trust Aware Scheme for Moving nodes (TASM) which discovers efficient node by computing each node’s trust value. In this scheme moving nodes exchange their trust information and analyses the received trust value and makes judgement. This scheme modifies the existing AODV routing protocol and determines malicious nodes based on trust value and log information. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) determines efficient and trusted neighbour node selection while routing. Proposed scheme is compared with the existing trust based scheme and network parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay is evaluated. Trusted routing can efficiently deliver data for different routing applications used in military, Fanets and mobile IoT.

Modelling of Random Selfish Behavior Attack using Single Sided Laplacian Distribution and Performance Evaluation for High Security Communications in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti A. Adoni ◽  
Anil S. Tavildar ◽  
Krishna K. Warhade
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Laplacian Distribution

Background: The performance of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks get severely degraded due to various attacks including Selfish Behaviour attack. The detection of malicious nodes and avoidance of such nodes for data forwarding is important to enhance the MANET’s performance. Methods: A probabilistic model based on Single Sided Laplacian distribution for the random ON/OFF switching time of this attack is proposed. The model is used to make appropriate decisions regarding assignment of trust levels to suspicious nodes. The proposed protocol, based on this trust along with Confidence values of nodes, referred to as OLSRT-C protocol is used to select the optimum path for data forwarding. Simulations are carried out using Network Simulator NS2.35. Results: The random behavior of Selfish Behaviour attack is analyzed by considering all the possible random parameters. The random deployment of mobile nodes, number of malicious nodes, number of times the malicious nodes switch and timing instances at which these nodes change their states are considered. From the results, it is observed that, the OLSRTC protocol gives stable performance for Packet Delivery Ratio and Routing Overheads whereas for OLSR protocol, Packet Delivery Ratio gradually reduces and Routing Overheads increase, for percentage of malicious nodes increase from 10% to 50%. For OLSRT-C protocol, Average Energy Consumption per node increases marginally compared to OLSR protocol. Conclusion: The proposed OLSRT-C protocol successfully mitigates randomized Selfish Behaviour attack with marginal increase in the Average Energy Consumption per node. The Protocol Efficacy for OLSRT-C protocol is much higher compared to OLSR protocol.

scholarly journals A Trust Framework to Detect Malicious Nodes in Cognitive Radio Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Rathee ◽  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Chaker A. Kerrache ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Azad
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Network Layer ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Hand Off ◽  
Cognitive User

Cognitive radio is considered as a pioneering technique in the domain of wireless communication as it enables and permits the Cognitive Users (CU) to exploit the unused channels of the Primary Users (PU) for communication and networking. The CU nodes access the vacant bands/channels through the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) cycle by executing its different phases, which are comprised of sensing, decision making, sharing (accessing) and hand-off (mobility). Among these phases, hand-off is the most critical phase as the CU needs to switch its current data transmissions to another available channel by recalling all the previous functions upon the emergence of a PU. Further, from the security perspective, a Malicious User (MU) may imitate the PU signal with the intention to never allow the CU to use its idle band, which ultimately degrades the overall network performance. Attacks such as the Cognitive User Emulation Attack (CUEA) and Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) may be encountered by the handoff procedure, which need to be resolved. To address this issue, a secure and trusted routing and handoff mechanism is proposed specifically for the CRN environment, where malicious devices are identified at the lower layers, thus prohibiting them from being part of the communication network. Further, at the network layer, users need to secure their data that are transmitted through various intermediate nodes. To ensure a secure handoff and routing mechanism, a Trust Analyser (TA) is introduced between the CU nodes and network layer. The TA maintains the record of all the communicating nodes at the network layer while also computing the rating and trust value of the Handoff Cognitive User (HCUs) using the Social Impact Theory Optimizer (SITO). The simulation results suggest that the proposed solution leads to 88% efficiency in terms of better throughput of CRN during data communication, the packet loss ratio, the packet delivery ratio and the maximum and average authentication delay and clearly outperforms the prevailing mechanisms in all the parameters.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Secure RPL for Resource Based attacks in Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4984-4989
Keyword(s):  
Attack Detection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Network Availability ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Iot Devices

The Routing protocol for low power lossy networks (RPL) was evolved by IETF by considering various conditions of constrained networks. This protocol was aimed in order to encourage several routing topologies known DODAGs which were built under different objective functions to improve the routing using different routing measures. There were billions of devices which were connected all over the world because of which the security is the major concern of routing in IoT devices, where different attacks takes place during the routing. Variety of attacks happens while routing, some on network topology others on network traffic and some other attacks on network resources. This paper studies about resource based attacks which targets at consuming the energy of node, memory, processing power by making malicious nodes to perform unnecessary processing actions and these attacks also effect the network availability and reduce the lifetime of the topology. This paper introduces an allied nodes follow up technique where some allied nodes are staked in the DODAG topology in order to detect the resource based attacks in RPL like version number, neighbour, worst parent, rank attacks. These allied nodes follow up and monitors each and every node and based on proposed constraints not only detects these resource attacks in RPL and also updates the information to the root node about malicious node in order to eradicate it from DODAG. The performance of proposed model was compared with previous attack detection models regarding to the measures like packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and throughput.

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