scholarly journals Agostinho, Anselmo e Kilwardby Sobre a Linguagem Mental

Author(s):  
José Filipe Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  

In the present article I examine Robert Kilwardby’s reading of Augustine’s and Anselm’s theories of the verbum mentis. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, I examine how Kilwardby’s criterion for personal distinction within the divine Trinity (by way of origin) is applied to the powers of the rational soul. Kilwardby considers Anselm’s understanding of the Augustinian solution unable to support the real distinction of persons. In the two remaining sections, I inspect the two models of thinking: thinking as speaking (section two) and thinking as seeing (section three). It will be argued that Kilwardby accepts the seeing model and rejects the speaking model.

Author(s):  
Alborz Bekhradi ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Romain Farel ◽  
Benjamin Zimmer

Assessing the number of users defined by a set of specific usage attributes in a given usage contextual situation is not always an obvious task in a market segmentation process. Although new approaches in design and marketing seem to be more sensitive to the adequacy of a design concept with the usage scenarios, these methods do not systematically consider the various usage situations. The present article puts forward a methodology intending to build a usage scenarios space in which the input data is thoroughly collected and validated. This methodology is applied to the complex and multifactorial issue of falls among the elderly in the Metropolitan France. In this paper, numerous medical publications have been made to study influential factors of fall situations. However, even solution providers for fall prevention and teleassistance ignore the real situational coverage of their solutions. As a result, “usage scenarios space” is built using an appropriate segmentation of usage contexts (here, fall situations) and user characteristics. These data are used for a design oracle to predict (simulate) the various and multiple usage scenarios.


Author(s):  
Lukas Toth ◽  
Natalia Jasminska ◽  
Tomas Brestovic ◽  
Romana Dobakova

The present article describes the structure of the model of a vehicle driven by a fuel cell and using metal hydride alloys. The model was created in the scale of 1:6 and was subjected to measurements of the real hydrogen consumption by a fuel cell; subsequently, the real power was compared to the theoretical power. The model of a hydrogen vehicle was developed with the aim of testing various types of metal hydride materials used for hydrogen accumulation in real conditions, at sudden changes in the amount of the collected hydrogen. The purpose of the designed model was to demonstrate the adjustment of a hydrogen drive to the burdening operating conditions of the vehicle and demonstrate the capacity of metal hydride materials to satisfy the requirements regarding accumulation and release of the required amount of hydrogen.


Author(s):  
Kira Andreeva

The present article investigated the problem of actualization of poetic ekphrasis presented in two different semiotic systems. The paper studied the correlation of generalized meaning with differing forms of expression, known as cases of isomorphism and allomorphism. The empirical material under study was provided by the contrastive analysis of the interface of one of Y. Polonskyi’s poems (1845) and N. Roerih’s original picture (1945). The contrastive pair of examples had the same titles: ‘Bede, the Preacher’. The two cases were also united by identical semantics providing similar notional and emotional-aesthetic impact upon recipients, with the help of different forms of expression from poetry and painting. Both examples, in their turn, date back to the ancient legend connected with the name of the real person who lived in the seven (eight) centuries and was known as Saint Bede. The article’s aim was to reopen the enigma of identical strong emotional effect produced on recipients, at different times, with the help of two differing media forms: the poem and the picture. It actually created the evident research gap. Such cases had been studied before, but reliable explanations and technologies were not stated.


Author(s):  
Nicolas Xanthos

Le présent article a pour objectif de mettre au jour certains traits de la poétique narrative et de la poétique descriptive de Jean-Philippe Toussaint ainsi que l’expérience (fictive) du réel qu’ils impliquent. Sur le plan narratif, on essaie de détailler, d’une part, le rapport trouble que les personnages entretiennent avec l’agir comme manière d’imposer un ordre au réel et, d’autre part, la faible configuration des intrigues romanesques. Sur le plan descriptif, on s’emploie à identifier les deux principaux rapports au réel : euphorique lorsque le personnage peut y observer formes, mouvements et lumières intemporels et sans lien avec les destins humains individuels ou collectifs; dysphorique lorsque l’objet de la description devient le lieu d’inscription du passage du temps et la marque visible de l’inévitable déliquescence des êtres et des choses. On tente de montrer enfin que ces pratiques narratives et descriptives imposent une expérience du réel comme oubli de soi précisément parce que, chez Toussaint, cet oubli se fait rempart contre l’action corruptrice et mortifère du temps.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to bring to light certain characteristics of the narrative and descriptive poetry of Jean-Philippe Toussaint as well as the poetry’s related (fictional) experiences of the real. From a narrative standpoint, we seek to detail, on one hand, the characters’troubled relationship with the notion of being able to impose order on the real through their actions, and on the other hand, the weakness of the plot structures. With respect to the descriptive elements, we seek to identify the two principle relationships to the real; the first consisting of euphoria when the character observes forms, movements and lights that are a-temporal and without link to individual or collective human destiny; the second consisting of dysphoria when the object of the description becomes the place where the passage of time and the inevitable decay of all beings and things are inscribed. Lastly, we attempt to show that these narrative and descriptive practices impose an experience of the real that is based on self-neglect (or the forgetting of self), since, in the work of Toussaint, this neglect is a veritable rampart against the corrupting and mortifying action of time.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Marcin Grygiel

Instrumental of affirmation in selected Slavic languagesIn the present article I argue that apart from the genitive of negation, Slavic also makes use of the instrumental of affirmation – but its recognition requires a more sophisticated, function-oriented analytic model, firmly grounded in the real linguistic usage and sensitive to semantic conditioning – such as cognitive semantics. The discussion offered seems to suggest that the Slavic instrumental is an inherently affirmative case, as opposed to genitive which has specialized in expressing partition, disjunction and negation, e.g. compare Pol. ciasto z orzechami/ Srb. kolač sa orasima ‘a cake with nuts INSTR’ vs. Pol. ciasto bez orzechów/ Srb. kolač bez oraha ‘a cake without nuts GEN’. Furthermore, because of its semantic properties, the instrumental case is attracted by positive contexts and acts as an intensifier of affirmation. Slavic instrumentals can be classified, on the basis of the positive meanings they imply, as instrumentals of completeness, instrumentals of conjunction and instrumentals of existence. The proposed semantic classification becomes more refined when image-schemas of CONTAINER, PATH, SURFACE and conceptual metaphors related to the physical relation of COVERAGE are included in the model.


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Eco

Why are we deeply moved by the misfortune of Anna Karenina if we are fully aware that she is simply a fictional character who does not exist in our world? But what does it mean that fictional characters do not exist? The present article is concerned with the ontology of fictional characters. The author concludes that successful fictional characters become paramount examples of the ‘real’ human condition because they live in an incomplete world what we have cognitive access to but cannot influence in any way and where no deeds can be undone. Unlike all the other semiotic objects, which are culturally subject to revisions, and perhaps only similar to mathematical entities, the fictual characters will never change and will remain the actors of what they did once and forever.


2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 05024
Author(s):  
Vadim Alpatov ◽  
Alexandre Bezuglov

The sheet pile wall (SPW) is carried out from pipes of big diameter which plunge into soil very deeply. Depth of pipes is the settlement size depending on a set of parameters. Depth of pipes provides rigidity and reliability of a construction. SPW has a high rate of a consumption of steel on his production. Authors of the present article suggest to reduce a material capacity of SPW at the expense of reduction of depth of blockage of every second pipe. Decrease in depth of blockage of separate pipes is carried out at preservation of the maximum depth of blockage of other pipes. The design similar to a «comb» because of alternation of long and short pipes turns out. Such decision allows to reduce the total depth of blockage of pipes and as a result leads to decrease in a material capacity and cost of a construction in general. The problem of search of possible reduction of length of a part of pipes is the purpose of the real research. As solutions of the put problem we suggest to execute numerical experimenting in iterative statement with use of modern software. Results of numerical researches of SPW are presented in the present article. The presented results allow to draw a conclusion on efficiency of the solution on decrease in a material capacity of SPW proposed by authors. For obtaining the generalized decision and obtaining undoubtedly the best result of a design of SPW authors consider necessary to execute problem definition in the form of parametrical optimization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-701
Author(s):  
Will W. Adams

The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a biological crisis but a psychological, sociocultural, economic, and spiritual one. Our most grave threat is not the coronavirus itself, but what we do in response. The understandable fear generated by the real dangers of this plague could reinforce a foundational confusion that recurrently brings suffering to us and all our relations: Namely, the dissociative fantasy that I am merely a separate, skin-bounded, autonomous, sovereign self. Fear and greed tend to follow this from this mistakenly contracted identity. Alternately, in fierce ways we would have never wished for, today’s circumstances may be fostering a transformation of consciousness and culture. COVID-19 could subvert our supposedly separate self-sense, world-view, and way of being with others; disclose the “interrelated structure of reality” (as Dr. King put it); highlight the ethical implications that inherently come with it; and summon forth our loving, compassionate responsibility. Working with theoretical ideas and peoples’ actual lived experience, the present article offers suggestions for collaboration—with and for all others—in this precarious time. Insights from humanistic, existential, phenomenological, and transpersonal psychology are set into dialogue with recent examples from daily life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Richard Taruskin

In a memorable letter of 18 March 1926, brought to the attention of Anglophone scholars by David Schneider, Bartók’s second wife Ditta Pásztory described her reaction (obviously also reflecting that of her husband’s) to Stravinsky’s Piano Concerto just after listening to its Budapest premiere with the composer at the piano as being attracted to the machine music but missing in it what she called her “homeland.” In the present article I should like to show that the machine music described as intimidating is no more threatening than a sewing machine, because the inspiration for it was 192Os-style performances of Bach. Furthermore, despite his notorious rhetoric, Stravinsky too aimed at exaltation and catharsis. Parallels between the climaxes in Bartók’s First Piano Concerto and those in Stravinsky’s (especially in the first movement) might reveal the real kinship between the two works. At the same time, Bartók’s obviously different approach to Bach, testified in his few fragmentary recordings, may help us understand the differences of aesthetics between the two composers in their respective neoclassical style showcased in the most important genre for a concertizing pianist.


Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Amir Mashiach

In Jewish religious texts, Torah study is placed at the top of the hierarchy of values. This suggests that work as such is of no religious significance; work is rather a prerequisite for the real essentials of life. The Mizrachi religious Zionist movement, founded in 1902 by R. Yitzhak Yaakov Reines (1839–1915), introduced a markedly different view. The movement upheld a concept of work as a religious value, not only an existential need. Later religious Zionist thinkers developed a dialectical notion of the mutual integration of the Torah and labor; this eventually became the motto of the Bnei Akiva youth movement that they inspired. With time, the theological approach of R. Kook the Elder (ReAYaH) and of R. Kook the Younger (RTziYaH) became dominant in religious Zionism. R. Kook the Elder founded the yeshivah at Merkaz ha-rav in Jerusalem, which he also headed; his son eventually succeeded him. To date, the yeshivah has produced a great number of students and rabbis, who made the teaching of the two Rabbis Kook the legacy of the religious Zionist community as a whole. The aim of the present article is to trace the changes taking place in the religious Zionist attitude toward work as this is articulated in the thought of a student of the two Rabbis, Kook whom many regard as the continuator of their teaching today. This is Rabbi Tzvi Israel Thau (b. 1937), one of the most influential rabbinic figures associated with religious Zionism, President of Yeshivat har ha-mor and the spiritual leader of the Torah academies referred to as “yeshivot of the line [ha-kav]”.


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