scholarly journals Narzędnik afirmacji w wybranych językach słowiańskich

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Marcin Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
The Real ◽  
Physical Relation ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Linguistic Usage ◽  
Semantic Properties

Instrumental of affirmation in selected Slavic languagesIn the present article I argue that apart from the genitive of negation, Slavic also makes use of the instrumental of affirmation – but its recognition requires a more sophisticated, function-oriented analytic model, firmly grounded in the real linguistic usage and sensitive to semantic conditioning – such as cognitive semantics. The discussion offered seems to suggest that the Slavic instrumental is an inherently affirmative case, as opposed to genitive which has specialized in expressing partition, disjunction and negation, e.g. compare Pol. ciasto z orzechami/ Srb. kolač sa orasima ‘a cake with nuts INSTR’ vs. Pol. ciasto bez orzechów/ Srb. kolač bez oraha ‘a cake without nuts GEN’. Furthermore, because of its semantic properties, the instrumental case is attracted by positive contexts and acts as an intensifier of affirmation. Slavic instrumentals can be classified, on the basis of the positive meanings they imply, as instrumentals of completeness, instrumentals of conjunction and instrumentals of existence. The proposed semantic classification becomes more refined when image-schemas of CONTAINER, PATH, SURFACE and conceptual metaphors related to the physical relation of COVERAGE are included in the model.

scholarly journals The embodied and the cultural in the conceptualization of pitch space in Croatian

Jezikoslovlje ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Sanja Kiš Žuvela ◽  
Ana Ostroški Anić
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Space Thickness ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Musical Pitch ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Influences ◽  
Pitch Space

Most conceptual metaphors that conceptualize musical pitch rely heavily on human perception, images and experience structured through spatial and orientation image schemas such as the schema of verticality. The paper analyses conceptual metaphors that structure pitch relations in terms of vertical space, thickness and size as they appear in the Croatian musical terminology. The image schemas of verticality and size are analysed within the conceptual metaphors pitch relations are relations in vertical space and pitch relations are relations in size in order to define to what extent their motivation is embodied and universal, and what can be attributed to cross-cultural and cross-linguistic influences present in the creation and understanding of music terminology in Croatia.

Building of Usage Scenarios Space for Investigating the Fall Situations of the Elderly People

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alborz Bekhradi ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Romain Farel ◽  
Benjamin Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Input Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
The Real

Assessing the number of users defined by a set of specific usage attributes in a given usage contextual situation is not always an obvious task in a market segmentation process. Although new approaches in design and marketing seem to be more sensitive to the adequacy of a design concept with the usage scenarios, these methods do not systematically consider the various usage situations. The present article puts forward a methodology intending to build a usage scenarios space in which the input data is thoroughly collected and validated. This methodology is applied to the complex and multifactorial issue of falls among the elderly in the Metropolitan France. In this paper, numerous medical publications have been made to study influential factors of fall situations. However, even solution providers for fall prevention and teleassistance ignore the real situational coverage of their solutions. As a result, “usage scenarios space” is built using an appropriate segmentation of usage contexts (here, fall situations) and user characteristics. These data are used for a design oracle to predict (simulate) the various and multiple usage scenarios.

‘No learned rhetorical flourishes!’ Anti-rhetorical narration and metaphorical agency in Raabe’sCeltic Bones

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Elshout
Keyword(s):  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Virtual Events ◽  
Narrative Function

As Monika Fludernik (2011) points out, creative metaphors receive less attention than conceptual metaphors in cognitive studies. The complex role of metaphor in literature and its narrative function needs to be further explored. Realistic novellas do not display a predilection towards elaborate creative metaphors. They contain other figures of speech and more conventional figurative forms such as symbols, allegories and similes – the latter to approximate an experience or perception. My hypothesis is, however, that in realistic texts metaphorical agency is often contained and instigated by virtual micronarratives (digression, memory, association, imagination and dream). How does metaphoricity relate to virtual parts of the storyworld? In order to investigate this question I use Wilhelm Raabe’s poetic realist novella Keltische Knochen ( Celtic Bones, published 1864) as a case study. Raabe’s travel account shows how virtual passages can receive and entail a metaphorical dimension. In Raabe’s novella the narrator witness claims that it does not manipulate reality by rhetorical tricks and metaphorical transformations, and therefore makes a clear distinction between the virtual and real parts of the storyworld. At the same time this distinction is undermined because the virtual events interfere with the real events and transform them into metaphorical sequences. The metaphorical sequences open up alternative segments of the storyworld that can be coined as paranarratives. The case study exposes the negotiability and the co-text dependence of literary metaphoricity and contributes to the exploration of the narrative potential of figurativeness in literary texts.

A Method for Estimating Treatment Effects When Individuals are Growing

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Bryk ◽  
Judith F. Strenio ◽  
Herbert I. Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Program Impact

In an earlier paper (Bryk & Weisberg, 1976) , we introduced the value-added analysis. This approach built on the notion that many educational programs are dynamic interventions in natural growth processes. In particular, by modeling the natural growth process, we developed an analytic model and estimation procedure for assessing program impact on these growth processes. The present article extends the theory and applications of value-added analysis in several important directions. We present here for practitioners and researchers a coherent overview of the method that emphasizes intuitive rationale and simple data analysis procedures.

scholarly journals Model of a Hydrogen Vehicle Driven by a Fuel Cell and Metal Hydride Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Lukas Toth ◽  
Natalia Jasminska ◽  
Tomas Brestovic ◽  
Romana Dobakova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Accumulation ◽  
Metal Hydride Alloys ◽  
Materials Used

The present article describes the structure of the model of a vehicle driven by a fuel cell and using metal hydride alloys. The model was created in the scale of 1:6 and was subjected to measurements of the real hydrogen consumption by a fuel cell; subsequently, the real power was compared to the theoretical power. The model of a hydrogen vehicle was developed with the aim of testing various types of metal hydride materials used for hydrogen accumulation in real conditions, at sudden changes in the amount of the collected hydrogen. The purpose of the designed model was to demonstrate the adjustment of a hydrogen drive to the burdening operating conditions of the vehicle and demonstrate the capacity of metal hydride materials to satisfy the requirements regarding accumulation and release of the required amount of hydrogen.

scholarly journals KONSEPTUALISASI METAFORA PADA LAGU COLDPLAY DALAM ALBUM “A HEAD FULL OF DREAMS”: KAJIAN SEMANTIK KOGNITIF (METAPHORICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION IN COLDPLAY ALBUM OF A HEAD FULL OF DREAMS: A COGNITIVE SEMANTICS STUDY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Anggie Restiani ◽  
Tajudin Nur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Song Lyrics

The article about metaphor is carried out using qualitative method. The data were taken from the internet on Coldplay’s lyrics from the album “A Head Full of Dreams”. Theories used in the study is on the metaphor, conceptual metaphor, types and forms of metaphors, and image schemas. It aims to find the types and image schemas of the metaphors on the data. The result shows that based on Lakoff and Johnson’s theory on metaphors there are 18 structural metaphors, 17 orientational metaphors, and 14 ontological metaphors. Based on Saeed’s theory of image schemas there are 12 image schemas of space, 8 image schemas of journey, and 6 image schemas of strength, while based on Cruse and Croft’s theory there are 11 image schemas of identity. From 12 song lyrics on the album, there are only 9 of them that contain metaphors.AbstrakPenelitian konspetualisasi metafora ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data penelitian diambil dari lirik lagu Coldplay dalam album “A Head Full of Dreams” dari situs internet. Teori yang digunakan adalah metafora, konseptualisasi metafora, bentuk dan jenis metafora, dan skema citra. Masalah yang dibahas adalah jenis metafora dan skema citra yang terdapat pada data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Lakoff dan Johnson tentang jenis-jenis metafora, ditemukan 18 metafora struktural, 17 metafora orientasional, dan 14 metafora ontologis. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi skema citra dengan menggunakan teori Saeed, dalam data ditemukan 12 skema citra ruang, 8 skema citra perjalanan, dan 6 skema citra kekuatan, sedangkan berdasarkan skema citra menurut Cruse dan Croft terdapat 11 skema citra identitas. Dari 12 lagu yang terdapat dalam album “A Head Full of Dreams”, hanya ada 9 lagu yang mengandung unsur metafora.

scholarly journals Agostinho, Anselmo e Kilwardby Sobre a Linguagem Mental

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 157-179
Author(s):  
José Filipe Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Real

In the present article I examine Robert Kilwardby’s reading of Augustine’s and Anselm’s theories of the verbum mentis. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, I examine how Kilwardby’s criterion for personal distinction within the divine Trinity (by way of origin) is applied to the powers of the rational soul. Kilwardby considers Anselm’s understanding of the Augustinian solution unable to support the real distinction of persons. In the two remaining sections, I inspect the two models of thinking: thinking as speaking (section two) and thinking as seeing (section three). It will be argued that Kilwardby accepts the seeing model and rejects the speaking model.

scholarly journals Source Domains of Smell Related Metaphorical Collocations: Study Based on Corpus of Contemporary American English

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Linas Selmistraitis ◽  
Renata Boikova
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
American English ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Target Words

The paper discusses source domains of smell related metaphorical collocations. The research is limited to metaphorical collocations with pleasant smell denoting words scent, fragrance, aroma, and perfume in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The scope of the research is 2187 concordance lines (CL) containing metaphorical collocations with the words scent, fragrance, aroma, and perfume from 3580 CL containing any word phrase with the target words. The research is based on identification and description of the source domains of the collected metaphorical collocations with pleasant smell words, relating the source domains to underlying conceptual metaphors and determining the frequency distribution of the identified source domains. The following source domains were identified in the research: object, substance, physical force, and food. The analysis showed the frequency of source domains across all four groups forming smell related conceptual metaphors: object with 1833 instances of metaphorical collocations (84%), substance with 202 instances (9%), physical force with 130 instances (6%), and food with 22 instances (1%). The present study contributes to the development of cognitive semantics and its findings demonstrate which meanings are prevalent in human mentality when pleasant smell related metaphorical collocations are used.

scholarly journals Сhanging Humanities: At the Crossroads of History, Poetics and Art

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kira Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Semiotic Systems ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Original Picture ◽  
Empirical Material

The present article investigated the problem of actualization of poetic ekphrasis presented in two different semiotic systems. The paper studied the correlation of generalized meaning with differing forms of expression, known as cases of isomorphism and allomorphism. The empirical material under study was provided by the contrastive analysis of the interface of one of Y. Polonskyi’s poems (1845) and N. Roerih’s original picture (1945). The contrastive pair of examples had the same titles: ‘Bede, the Preacher’. The two cases were also united by identical semantics providing similar notional and emotional-aesthetic impact upon recipients, with the help of different forms of expression from poetry and painting. Both examples, in their turn, date back to the ancient legend connected with the name of the real person who lived in the seven (eight) centuries and was known as Saint Bede. The article’s aim was to reopen the enigma of identical strong emotional effect produced on recipients, at different times, with the help of two differing media forms: the poem and the picture. It actually created the evident research gap. Such cases had been studied before, but reliable explanations and technologies were not stated.

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