scholarly journals Model of a Hydrogen Vehicle Driven by a Fuel Cell and Metal Hydride Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Lukas Toth ◽  
Natalia Jasminska ◽  
Tomas Brestovic ◽  
Romana Dobakova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Accumulation ◽  
Metal Hydride Alloys ◽  
Materials Used

The present article describes the structure of the model of a vehicle driven by a fuel cell and using metal hydride alloys. The model was created in the scale of 1:6 and was subjected to measurements of the real hydrogen consumption by a fuel cell; subsequently, the real power was compared to the theoretical power. The model of a hydrogen vehicle was developed with the aim of testing various types of metal hydride materials used for hydrogen accumulation in real conditions, at sudden changes in the amount of the collected hydrogen. The purpose of the designed model was to demonstrate the adjustment of a hydrogen drive to the burdening operating conditions of the vehicle and demonstrate the capacity of metal hydride materials to satisfy the requirements regarding accumulation and release of the required amount of hydrogen.

scholarly journals Research on Hydrogen Consumption and Driving Range of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle under the CLTC-P Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Zhijie Duan ◽  
Nan Mei ◽  
Lili Feng ◽  
Shuguang Yu ◽  
Zengyou Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Fundamental Reason

Hydrogen consumption and mileage are important economic indicators of fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen consumption is the fundamental reason that restricts mileage. Since there are few quantitative studies on hydrogen consumption during actual vehicle operation, the high cost of hydrogen consumption in outdoor testing makes it impossible to guarantee the accuracy of the test. Therefore, this study puts forward a test method based on the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicles under CLTC-P operating conditions to test the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicles per 100 km. Finally, the experiment shows that the mileage calculated by hydrogen consumption has a higher consistency with the actual mileage. Based on this hydrogen consumption test method, the hydrogen consumption can be accurately measured, and the test time and cost can be effectively reduced.

scholarly journals Thermal and energy balance of a fuel cell during hydrogen supply from metal hydride materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Lubica Bednarova ◽  
Lukáš Tóth ◽  
Tomáš Brestovič ◽  
Natália Jasminská ◽  
Marián Lázár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fuel Cell Operation

The present article deals with the material and energy balance of a fuel cell during hydrogen supply from a metal hydride tank. It describes potential utilisation of heat from a fuel cell for heating a tank in order to achieve the required kinetics of the process. The concluding part hereof contains a numerical calculation of the thermal field of the designed tank during the fuel cell operation.

Sintered Stainless Steel for Interconnectors for PEM Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1047-1051
Author(s):  
Renata Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Sintered Stainless Steel ◽  
Materials Used

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance strongly depends on properties of the fuel cell stack bipolar plates (BPs). Bipolar plates are a key component of fuel cells. Functions of materials used for fuel cells include even distribution of gas fuel and air, conduction of electricity between the adjacent cells, heat transfer from the cell as well as prevention of gas leakage and cooldown. Due to multifunctionality of fuel cell plates, choice of materials used for plates is immensely difficult. This paper presents opportunities of application of a new technology of powder sintering for creation of parts for electricity and heat generators. Sintered stainless steel 316LHD was investigated as a candidate material for bipolar plate materials. 316L powders were compacted with the following load: 700MPa, 550MPa, and 200MPa, and then sintered at the temperature of 1250 °C in hydrogen medium. The main criterion for selection of a particular material for components of fuel cells is their corrosion resistance in operating conditions of hydrogen fuel cells. In order to determine resistance to corrosion in the environment of operation of fuel cells, potentiokinetic curves (as a function of temperature) were registered in synthetic solution 0.1M H2SO4 + 2 ppmF- at 80°C. The investigations also covered measurements of mechanical properties and microstructural testing of sinters with austenitic structure.

scholarly journals Energy Management of a Multi-Source Vehicle by λ-Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6541
Author(s):  
Ali Castaings ◽  
Walter Lhomme ◽  
Rochdi Trigui ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption

This paper deals with the real-time energy management of a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitors energy storage system for electric vehicles. The association of the battery and the supercapacitors with the fuel cell aims to reduce the hydrogen consumption while limiting the constraints on the fuel cell and the battery. In this paper, a real-time optimization-based energy management strategy by λ-control is proposed. Simulation results on a standard driving cycle show that the hydrogen consumption is reduced by 7% in comparison with a fuel-cell-based electric vehicle without any secondary energy storage source. Moreover, the energy management strategy ensures the system safety while preserving the fuel cell and the battery. Experimental results show that the developed energy management strategy is well-suited for the real-time requirements, applicability, and safety.

scholarly journals Research on Economic and Operating Characteristics of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars Based on Real Vehicle Tests

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7856
Author(s):  
Zhijie Duan ◽  
Luo Zhang ◽  
Lili Feng ◽  
Shuguang Yu ◽  
Zengyou Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Emission

With the increase of the requirement for the economy of vehicles and the strengthening of the concept of environmental protection, the development of future vehicles will develop in the direction of high efficiency and cleanliness, and the current power system of vehicles based on traditional fossil fuels will gradually transition to hybrid power. As an essential technological direction for new energy vehicles, the development of fuel cell passenger vehicles is of great significance in reducing transportation carbon emissions, stabilizing energy supply, and maintaining the sustainable development of the automotive industry. To study the fuel economy of a passenger car with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during the operating phase, two typical PEMFC passenger cars, test vehicles A and B, were compared and analyzed. The hydrogen consumption and hydrogen emission under two operating conditions, namely the different steady-state power and the Chinese Vehicle Driving Conditions-Passenger Car cycle, were tested. The test results show the actual hydrogen consumption rates of vehicle A and vehicle B are 9.77 g/kM and 8.28 g/kM, respectively. The average hydrogen emission rates for vehicle A and vehicle B are 1.56 g/(kW·h) and 5.40 g/(kW·h), respectively. By comparing the hydrogen purge valve opening time ratio, the differences between test vehicles A and B in control strategy, hydrogen consumption, and emission rate are analyzed. This study will provide reference data for China to study the economics of the operational phase of PEMFC vehicles.

The digital function filters – algorithms and applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
M. Siwczyński ◽  
A. Drwal ◽  
S. Żaba
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filters ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Digital Modeling ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Recursive Formulas

Abstract The simple digital filters are not sufficient for digital modeling of systems with distributed parameters. It is necessary to apply more complex digital filters. In this work, a set of filters, called the digital function filters, is proposed. It consists of digital filters, which are obtained from causal and stable filters through some function transformation. In this paper, for several basic functions: exponential, logarithm, square root and the real power of input filter, the recursive algorithms of the digital function filters have been determined The digital function filters of exponential type can be obtained from direct recursive formulas. Whereas, the other function filters, such as the logarithm, the square root and the real power, require using the implicit recursive formulas. Some applications of the digital function filters for the analysis and synthesis of systems with lumped and distributed parameters (a long line, phase shifters, infinite ladder circuits) are given as well.

THE PROFILE OF A LEADER AND HIS LEDERSHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Ali Hajro
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Behavior Code ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Personal Skills

The Current and future leaders live in a turbulent and chaotic environment, where the real power of acting derives from the recognition of the concept of change and looking for options. In this type of environment a lot of competence is necessary for the leaders to survive. The aim of this study case was to explore i.e. gain a clearer picture of the position of the leader, their characteristics, functions, levels, the core and the factors affecting the leader and their leadership. To see what type of leader the people want simply to draw conclusions about the characteristics, qualities and techniques of a leader and their leadership. So that in the end, to have empirical proof of the leader. The set goal in this study case is today’s leaders in everyday process, starting from the very beginning of their work, to serve as an example in developing inter-personal skills at the same time as treating people with dignity and respect. In other words, they have to possess leadership skills, characteristics and the necessary actions. This research aims at finding out the real attributes that is the profile of a leader and their leadership running an organization regardless if it is economic, political, and military or some other non-governmental organization. The values are more than a set of rules, they are not only behavior code, and they say what a leader should be every day in every action that they take. The values shade the leaders’ identity and the organization that they run.

Factual Power Loss Diminution by Enhanced Frog Leaping Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Kanagasabai Lenin
Keyword(s):  
Local Search ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Test System ◽  
Premature Convergence ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Power Problem

This paper proposes Enhanced Frog Leaping Algorithm (EFLA) to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Frog leaping algorithm (FLA) replicates the procedure of frogs passing though the wetland and foraging deeds. Set of virtual frogs alienated into numerous groups known as “memeplexes”. Frog’s position’s turn out to be closer in every memeplex after few optimization runs and certainly, this crisis direct to premature convergence. In the proposed Enhanced Frog Leaping Algorithm (EFLA) the most excellent frog information is used to augment the local search in each memeplex and initiate to the exploration bound acceleration. To advance the speed of convergence two acceleration factors are introduced in the exploration plan formulation. Proposed Enhanced Frog Leaping Algorithm (EFLA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14,300 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss considerably.

Power Test System Development and Dynamic Performance State Estimation Based on Hub Motor Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Jing Gan ◽  
Xiaobin Fan ◽  
Zeng Song ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Power Test ◽  
The Real

Background: The power performance of an electric vehicle is the basic parameter. Traditional test equipment, such as the expensive chassis dynamometer, not only increases the cost of testing but also makes it impossible to measure all the performance parameters of an electric vehicle. Objective: A set of convenient, efficient and sensitive power measurement system for electric vehicles is developed to obtain the real-time power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions, and the dynamic performance parameters of hub-motor vehicles are obtained through the system. Methods: Firstly, a set of on-board power test system is developed by using virtual instrument (Lab- VIEW). This test system can obtain the power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions in real-time and save data in real-time. Then, the driving resistance of hub-motor vehicles is analyzed, and the power performance of hub-motor vehicles is studied in depth. The power testing system is proposed to test the input power of both ends of the driving motor, and the chassis dynamometer is combined to test so that the output efficiency of the driving motor can be easily obtained without disassembly. Finally, this method is used to carry out the road test and obtain the vehicle dynamic performance parameters. Results: The real-time current, voltage and power, maximum power, acceleration time and maximum speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using the power test system in the real road experiment. Conclusion: The maximum power required by the two motors reaches about 9KW, and it takes about 20 seconds to reach the maximum speed. The total power required to maintain the maximum speed is about 7.8kw, and the maximum speed is 62km/h. In this article, various patents have been discussed.

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