Tackling vulnerability through lifelong learning policies?

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Thomas Verlage ◽  
Valentina Milenkova ◽  
Ana Bela Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Equal Education ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter discusses different concepts of vulnerability and reviews the policies of European countries to overcome vulnerability. The main thesis is that the current situation gives rise to prerequisites for vulnerability and that the type and number of disadvantaged groups is increasing. Special attention is paid to the Roma – the most at-risk ethnic minority in Europe. A key focus of the chapter is that tackling vulnerability and minimizing it is the result of policies at different levels - European, national, regional. The chapter puts forward a review of the most recent key policy measures for equal education opportunities and social inclusion targeting at-risk groups. Various aspects of adopted policy interventions for stimulating social and LLL inclusion are illustrated, and supplemented by a critical analysis in different EU countries. The conclusion is that the required strategic actions targeting educational equity for marginalized social groups have been indeed formulated by the stakeholders; yet, certain shortcomings have been noticed and these are primarily linked to practical implementation of the national documents into real actions.

scholarly journals Taking a Just Transition Approach to Practical Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Transition Approach ◽  
Practical Sense

A just transition that achieves decent work for all, social inclusion and poverty eradication is unlikely to occur without active guidance. Much of the focus for making a just transition a reality is at a more abstract policy scale, and a gap exists for concrete guidance in achieving a just transition in a practical sense. This article provides two frameworks – at a project scale, and at an organisational scale – for assessing alignment with a just transition. It uses the example of energy to illustrate both the scale of the challenge being faced, and how such frameworks could be applied in practice.

Combatining Income and Wealth Inequality, Racial Discrimination, and Social Exclusion in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-215
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Policy Measures

Inequality has increased significantly in the United States during the last three decades. Growing inequality has become a shared value among political actors. Inequality has become problematic and a threat to values of citizens and even the conservatives in U.S. The chapter, therefore, examines the trends in income inequality between 1920s and 2010 and the trends in income inequality between 1979 and 2017. It also focuses on wealth inequality, realities of income inequality at sub-national levels, and income equality along racial and ethnic lines with a specific focus in the years 2007-2016. Also, inequality and social inclusion and social policy measures are discussed.

Development, the movement of persons and labour law*

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Policy Measures

This chapter argues that rethinking the boundaries of labour law must include considering a broad range of public policy measures that not only intersect with labour law, but shape it. In particular, trade liberalisation and restrictions to the movement of persons influence our understandings of how labour is meant to be regulated. The chapter offers a brief historical framing and a discussion of some of the contemporary empirical literature, to capture employment effects of an asymmetrical liberalisation that has fundamentally called into question the embedded liberal compromise made by industrialised market economies. It argues that efforts to rethink the boundaries of labour law must engage with trade law and immigration law. In the process, it challenges the binary between trade versus aid. It suggests that it is neither acceptable nor strategically wise to resist the movement of persons for work and its development implications; rather it is time to focus carefully on the terms of that movement. Support for a notion of ‘reasonable labour market access for migrant workers’ must be accompanied by a ‘decent work complement’, which might take the form of a ‘reverse’ social clause.

Combating Income and Wealth Inequality, Racial Discrimination, and Social Exclusion in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-144
Author(s):  
Augustine Nduka Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Policy Measures

Inequality has increased significantly in the United States during the last three decades. Growing inequality has become a shared value among political actors. Inequality has become problematic and a threat to values of citizens and even the conservatives in U.S. The chapter, therefore, examines the trends in income inequality between 1920s and 2010 and the trends in income inequality between 1979 and 2017. It also focuses on wealth inequality, realities of income inequality at sub-national levels, and income equality along racial and ethnic lines with a specific focus in the years 2007-2016. Also, inequality and social inclusion and social policy measures are discussed.

scholarly journals Sustainable Policy Measures Based on Implementation of Digital Technologies in Corrections: Exploratory Study from Slovakia and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8643
Author(s):  
Kamila Borseková ◽  
Jaroslav Klátik ◽  
Samuel Koróny ◽  
Peter Krištofík ◽  
Peter Mihók ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conditional Release ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
Automated Data Processing ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Serious Offenders

Across the world, millions of people are incarcerated every year, while hundreds of thousands of them are released back into their home communities. Despite several alternatives within the criminal justice system, incarceration is still considered as the most natural method of correction. This can lead to different types of unsustainable pathways within a society. Despite the growing importance and increasing use of digital technologies, there are relatively few scientific studies related to the implementation of digital technologies in corrections. Therefore, the present paper aims to assess the sustainable policy measures based on the implementation of digital technologies in corrections, namely electronic monitoring (EM). The originality of our paper is supported by unique primary data gathered during the first national survey on the assessment of sustainability measures of EM in Slovakia. Our research reveals that EM implementation contributes to individual and institutional resilience in a socio-economic context; the requirements for a conditional release of serious offenders with mandatory EM seem to have created sustainable conditions for the use of this form of the EM “back door” scheme. EM programs are aimed at suppressing crime through increased accountability and monitoring, which leads to their sustainability. Maintaining social and family ties, reducing risk of imprisonment and undesirable new ties, and keeping working habits are the main sustainable policy measures of EM that support better social inclusion of offenders. Assessment of the sustainable policy measures based on the implementation of digital technologies in corrections, namely electronic monitoring (EM) uncovered in the present paper, creates space for further research and policy implications. Data protection, automated data processing and artificial intelligence in the implementation of digital technologies in corrections are important topics that deserve much more attention in research.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIALIZATION IN TANZANIA: THE NEED FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Kitojo Wetengere
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Disadvantaged People

The objective of this study was to examine industrialization in Tanzania and the need to include the disadvantaged people in the development process. This study used a documentary review methodology. The study found that although industrialization is key to economic growth, if not properly managed, it tends to marginalize the poor people. This calls for social inclusion policy measures. The study, therefore, recommends that, if industrialization is to benefit the disadvantaged, agriculture, which employs the majority of the people, should be industrialized. Further, since the benefits of industrialization may not necessarily accrue to the poor, the above need to be accompanied by conscious efforts of the government and the private sector to provide social and economic services to the disadvantaged poor. Keywords: Industrialization; Social Inclusion; Butter & Bread vs. Yeast & Bread; Economic Growth vs. Economic Development

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