scholarly journals Systematic evaluation of cryptic freshwater snails from central Chile, including the enigmatic Littoridina santiagensis (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Collado ◽  
Karina P. Aguayo ◽  
Néstor J. Cazzaniga ◽  
Diego E. Gutiérrez Gregoric ◽  
Micaela De Lucía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Allopatric Population ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
External Shell

Walter Biese described Littoridina santiagensis Biese, 1944 (Cochliopidae) from Estero Dehesa in 1944 based exclusively on external shell features and a second allopatric population in Yeso Spring three years later. Since 2011 different samplings have been carried out at the type locality and have only provided specimens of the morphologically similar invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gray, 1843 (Tateidae), raising doubts about the identity of the species. The recent finding of two snail morphotypes in Yeso Spring, a thick shelled form congruent with type specimens of L. santiagensis and a slender one morphologically associable to P. antipodarum, allowed comparative studies, including the taxonomic analysis of additional populations with similar shell morphology occurring in central Chile. A DNA barcoding (COI) approach identified the slender form from Yeso Spring in Maipo Basin and a second population from the contiguous Rapel Basin indeed as the invasive P. antipodarum; however, L. santiagensis was recovered among species of Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Tateidae), justifying the Potamolithus santiagensis (Biese, 1944) comb. nov. Besides recognition of three other populations as belonging to Potamolithus, the molecular analysis also suggests trans-Andean dispersal of this group of snails in the Southern Cone of South America.

Quest for the Origins and Implications for Social Rights of the Mapuche in the Southern Cone of South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom D. Dillehay ◽  
Francisco Rothhammer
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
High Profile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
First Time

Debates over the cultural and biological origins of some indigenous groups in the Americas have fueled discussions about cultural identity, political justice, and resource rights. A historically high-profile case of rights and origins has involved the Araucanians or Mapuche of the southern cone of South America. This article examines, for the first time, the recent interdisciplinary archaeological and other anthropological evidence for the Mapuche of Chile and Argentina. It suggests that the ethnic and territorial origin of the Mapuche is in central and south-central Chile, although biological and cultural influences from north Chile and western Argentina also are present. It briefly discusses the implication of this study in relation to the indigenous status of the Mapuche in present-day Chile and Argentina.

scholarly journals EXPLORING SPONGE-INHABITING BARNACLES OF EASTERN INDONESIA USING MICRO-CT SCANNING

TREUBIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-98
Author(s):  
Pipit Pitriana ◽  
Andreas Wessel ◽  
Tina Aschenbach ◽  
Kristina Von Rintelen
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
External Shell ◽  
Non Destructive

We present a morphological study of Indonesian sponge-inhabiting barnacles using standard light microscopy in combination with micro-CT scanning and computer-aided 3D-reconstruction of the external shell morphology. A taxonomic analysis of the material detected four different genera of sponges inhabited by five different species of balanomorph barnacles, two of which are undescribed. Together with conventional morphological examination by dissection, we provide modern non-destructive imaging methods, using micro-CT scanning to enhance our knowledge of the morphological characters of sponge-inhabiting barnacles from eastern Indonesia. Although there were some methodological limitations regarding the contrast-enhancing technique, this study demonstrates micro-CT as a useful non-destructive technique of integrative taxonomy, for the examination of sponge-inhabiting barnacles. 

Animal taxa named for Rollo H. Beck

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Fellers
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern California ◽  
American Museum ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
California Academy ◽  
Vertebrate Zoology ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Rollo Howard Beck (1870–1950) was a professional bird collector who spent most of his career on expeditions to the Channel Islands off southern California, the Galápagos Islands, South America, the South Pacific, and the Caribbean. Some of the expeditions lasted as long as ten years during which time he and his wife, Ida, were often working in primitive conditions on sailing vessels or camps set up on shore. Throughout these expeditions, Beck collected specimens for the California Academy of Sciences, the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at Berkeley (California), the American Museum of Natural History, and the Walter Rothschild Museum at Tring, England. Beck was one of the premier collectors of his time and his contributions were recognized by having 17 taxa named becki in his honor. Of these taxa, Beck collected 15 of the type specimens.

Trojan hosts: the menace of invasive vertebrates as vectors of pathogens in the Southern Cone of South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano F. La Sala ◽  
Julián M. Burgos ◽  
Alberto L. Scorolli ◽  
Kimberly VanderWaal ◽  
Sergio M. Zalba
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Cone

Assessment of heat stress and cloudiness probabilities in post-flowering of spring wheat and canola in the Southern Cone of South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martín Rivelli ◽  
María Elena Fernández Long ◽  
Leonor Gabriela Abeledo ◽  
Daniel Fernando Calderini ◽  
Daniel Julio Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
South America ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Southern Cone

scholarly journals Late Holocene summer temperatures in the central Andes reconstructed from the sediments of high-elevation Laguna Chepical, Chile (32° S)

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2277-2308
Author(s):  
R. de Jong ◽  
L. von Gunten ◽  
A. Maldonado ◽  
M. Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Calibration Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. High-resolution reconstructions of climate variability that cover the past millennia are necessary to improve the understanding of natural and anthropogenic climate change across the globe. Although numerous records are available for the mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, global assessments are still compromised by the scarcity of data from the Southern Hemisphere. This is particularly the case for the tropical and subtropical areas. In addition, high elevation sites in the South American Andes may provide insight into the vertical structure of climate change in the mid-troposphere. This study presents a 3000 yr long austral summer (November to February) temperature reconstruction derived from the 210Pb and 14C dated organic sediments of Laguna Chepical (32°16' S/70°30' W, 3050 m a.s.l.), a high-elevation glacial lake in the subtropical Andes of central Chile. Scanning reflectance spectroscopy in the visible light range provided the spectral index R570/R630, which reflects the clay mineral content in lake sediments. For the calibration period (AD 1901–2006), the R570/R630 data were regressed against monthly meteorological reanalysis data, showing that this proxy was strongly and significantly correlated with mean summer (NDJF) temperatures (R3yr = −0.63, padj = 0.01). This calibration model was used to make a quantitative temperature reconstruction back to 1000 BC. The reconstruction (with a model error RMSEPboot of 0.33 °C) shows that the warmest decades of the past 3000 yr occurred during the calibration period. The 19th century (end of the Little Ice Age (LIA)) was cool. The prominent warmth reconstructed for the 18th century, which was also observed in other records from this area, seems systematic for subtropical and southern South America but remains difficult to explain. Except for this warm period, the LIA was generally characterized by cool summers. Back to AD 1400, the results from this study compare remarkably well to low altitude records from the Chilean Central Valley and Southern South America. However, the reconstruction from Laguna Chepical does not show a warm Medieval Climate Anomaly during the 12–13th century, which is consistent with records from tropical South America. The Chepical record also indicates substantial cooling prior to 800 BC. This coincides with well-known regional as well as global glacier advances which have been attributed to a grand solar minimum. This study thus provides insight into the climatic drivers and temperature patterns in a region for which currently very few data are available. It also shows that since ca AD 1400, long term temperature patterns were generally similar at low and high altitudes in central Chile.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heat Stress and Cloudiness Probabilities in Post-Flowering of Wheat and Canola in The Southern Cone of South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martín Rivelli ◽  
María Elena Fernández Long ◽  
Leonor Gabriela Abeledo ◽  
Daniel Calderini ◽  
Daniel Julio Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Combined Stresses

Abstract Episodes of heat stress constrain crop production and will be aggravated in the near future according to short and medium-term climate scenarios. Global increase in cloudiness has also been observed, decreasing the incident solar radiation. This work was aimed to quantify the probability of occurrence of heat stress and cloudiness, alone or combined, during the typical post-flowering period of wheat and canola in the Southern Cone of South America. Extended climate series (last 3-5 decades with daily register) of 33 conventional weather stations from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay (23ºS to 40ºS) were analysed considering the period from September to December. Two different daily events of heat stress were determined: i) maximum daily temperature above 30ºC (T>30ºC), and ii) 5ºC above the historical average maximum temperature of that day (T+5ºC). A cloudiness event was defined in our work as incident solar radiation 50% lower than the historical average radiation of that day (R50%). The T>30ºC event increased its probability of occurrence throughout the post-flowering phase, from September to December. By contrast, the risk of T+5ºC event decreased slightly, just like for R50%, and the higher the latitude, the lower the probability of R50%. The T>30ºC plus R50% combined stresses reached greater cumulated probabilities during post-flowering, compared to T+5ºC plus R50%, being 42% vs. 15% in northernmost locations, 26% vs. 19% in central (between 31ºS to 35ºS), and 28% vs. 1% in southernmost locations, respectively. A curvilinear relationship emerged between the monthly probability of combined stresses and the number of days with stress per month. In summary, T>30ºC was the most frequent thermal stress during post-flowering in wheat and canola. Both combined stresses had a noticeable risk of occurrence, but T>30ºC plus R50% was the highest. Evidence of the recent past and current occurrence of heat stress individually, and its combination with cloudiness events during post-flowering of temperate crops, serves as a baseline for future climate scenarios in main cropped areas in the Southern Cone of South America.

scholarly journals Studies on the moss flora of the Bío-Bío region of Chile

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Ireland ◽  
Gilda Bellolio ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Larraín
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Records ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
South Central ◽  
Made In

An extensive study was made on the moss flora of the Bío-Bío Region (VIII Región) in south-central Chile in 2001-2003. Collections were made in all four provinces of the region: Arauco, Bío-Bío, Concepción and Ñuble. Approximately 265 localities in the region were explored with over 6,000 mosses collected in the four provinces. The mosses of this region had not previously been studied to any great extent and with part of the region’s environment being destroyed by the construction of several dams on one of the major rivers, the Bío-Bío, the study of this area seemed of utmost importance. Thus far, a total of 20 taxa were found which are new to Chile, making a total of 877 known for the country, with four new taxa known for South America. An additional 87 taxa are reported new only to the Bío-Bío Region. That number, together with some new records from the recent literature, increases the total for the Region from 190 to 300. It was determined from the 87 new taxa for the Bío-Bío Region that the majority (41) represent northern extensions of taxa, while a much smaller number (10) represent southern extensions. The remainder (36) fill in a gap in the distribution of the taxa between the northern and southern parts of the country. Many difficult species still remain to be identified and the number of species new to science, to Chile and to the Bío-Bío Region, is certain to increase when the remaining specimens are identified.

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