Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate medical students' lifestyle

Introduction It is required to have validated instruments in health science students that identify unhealthy habits and assess the impact of educational interventions and programs aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure medical students' lifestyles. Methods A lifestyle questionnaire was developed using the Delphi technique by a group of experts. The final questionnaire was applied to 332 students of the School of Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University in 2017. A preliminary examination was carried out to assess preconditions for construct validity—including the correlation matrix, the Kaiser Meyer Olkin statistic, and the Bartlett sphericity test. Factor analysis was used for construct validity, and the possible resulting factors were extracted through the principal component analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the instrument reliability. Results In this study, 41.6% of participants were men with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation = 3). The preconditions for the factor analysis were a Kaiser Meyer Olkin coefficient = 0.773 and a significant Bartlett sphericity test. For the 47 items of the final questionnaire, the factor analysis showed an explained variance of 56.7% with eigenvalues greater than one. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The final questionnaire could assume values between -23 to 151 points. Based on a cut point of 71 points, the prevalence of students with an unhealthy lifestyle was 73.6%. Conclusion The developed instrument has acceptable validity and reliability to measure lifestyle in medical students. For external validation, studies in other university populations are suggested.

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Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254317

Author(s):

Raziyeh Ghafouri ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh ◽

Faraz Tayyar-Iravanlou ◽

Zahra Rahmaty

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Face Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caring Behaviors ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Two Factors

Background and objectives Nurses’ caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients’ perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients’ social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach’s alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses’ caring behaviors.

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Psychometric Properties of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) Among General Iranian Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Harpaljit Kaur ◽

Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani ◽

Pardis Rahmatpour ◽

Omolhoda Kaveh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

General Population ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Persian Version ◽

Impact Of Events Scale ◽

The Impact

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) among the Iranian general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Method: This study was methodological cross-sectional. It was conducted on an Iranian public population from April to July 2020 which was during the COVID-19 pandemic. Construct validity was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a total of 500 adults recruited via online data gathering. Reliability was checked through the average inter-item correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega. Convergent and divergent validity was determined using Fornell and Larcker's approach.Results: The results showed that the Persian version of IES-R had three factors, including intrusion (six items), avoidance (seven items), and hyperarousal (five items), that explained 59.22% of the total variance of the IES-R. The CFA findings indicated that all goodness-of-fit indices confirmed the model fit. The Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability (CR), and maximal reliability were excellent, and the three factors have good convergent validity.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the Persian version of the IES-R scale is efficient and useful to assess post-traumatic stress disorder among Iran general population in the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Psychometrics of Persian Version of the Ageism Survey Among an Iranian Older Adult Population During COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.683291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Long She ◽

Ratneswary Rasiah ◽

Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani ◽

Omolhoda Kaveh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Older Adult ◽

Adult Population ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Persian Version ◽

Older Adult Population

Background: Studies have revealed an increase in discrimination, neglect, and abuse among the older adult population during this period. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ageism survey instrument tested on a sample of the Iranian older adult population during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. An important move in counteracting ageism is to classify the ageism scale comprehensively by employing adequate psychometrics.Methods: The Persian version of the ageism scale was developed using a two-step procedure. The first step involved translating and revising the original scale to develop a Persian version of the ageism scale. The second step involved assessing the psychometric features of the newly adapted scale using construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and thereafter assessing the reliability through the average inter-item correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha. The sample consisted of 400 older adults (age 65 and older), who were recruited through online data collection, with samples for EFA and CFA randomly selected from the total samples.Results: The Persian version of the ageism survey has three factors: age-related deprivation with five items, dignity with three items, and employment with three items; all of which explained 57.02% of the total variance. The outcome of the EFA was verified by the CFA, with internal consistency reliability being excellent (Cronbach's alpha was 0.725, 0.698, and 0.708 for the three factors).Conclusion: This study specifically offers a restructured three factors Persian version of the ageism survey for Iranian older adults with acceptable construct validity and reliability.

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Psychometric evaluation of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised among Iranian Nurses

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733016651129 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1226-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Soleimani ◽

Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽

Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh ◽

Bianca Panarello

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Moral Distress ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Persian Version ◽

Fit Index ◽

Distress Scale

Background: Experiencing moral distress is traumatic for nurses. Ignoring moral distress can lead to job dissatisfaction, improper handling in the care of patients, or even leaving the job. Thus, it is crucial to use valid and reliable instruments to measure moral distress. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and the validity of the Persian version of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised among a sample of Iranian nurses. Research design: In this methodological study, 310 nurses were recruited from all hospitals affiliated with the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from February 2014 to April 2015. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Moral Distress Scale–Revised. The construct validity of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised was evaluated using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Regional Committee of Medical Research Ethics. The ethical principles of voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality were considered. Findings: The construct validity of the scale showed four factors with eigenvalues greater than one. The model had a good fit ( χ2(162) = 307.561, χ2/ df = 1.899, goodness-of-fit index = .904, comparative fit index = .927, incremental fit index = .929, and root mean square error of approximation (90% confidence interval) = .049 (.040–.057)) with all factor loadings greater than .5 and statistically significant. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were .853, .686, .685, and .711for the four factors. Moreover, the model structure was invariant across different income groups. Discussion and conclusion: The Persian version of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised demonstrated suitable validity and reliability among nurses. The factor analysis also revealed that the Moral Distress Scale–Revised has a multidimensional structure. Regarding the proper psychometric characteristics, the validated scale can be used to further research about moral distress in this population.

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Adaptation of Intercultural Sensitivity Scale for Turkish Medical Students

10.21203/rs.3.rs-225741/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Şevkat Bahar Özvarış ◽

Bahar Güçiz Doğan ◽

Hande Konşuk Ünlü ◽

Tuğçe M. Şanver ◽

Çağla Susuz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Service Providers ◽

Intercultural Sensitivity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Different languages and insufficient levels of intercultural sensitivity among healthcare providers hinder migrants from benefiting from health services, resulting in a lack of trust in service providers and non-adherence to the treatment. This study aims to verify the validity and reliability of the “Intercultural Sensitivity Scale” developed by Chen and Starosta among Turkish medical students. Methods: Data were collected between December 18, 2017, and February 28, 2018, from 667 students. In order to demonstrate the construct validity of the scale, the data were randomly divided into two parts using the functions in the SPSS package program. For the first half of the data (n1=337), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on polychoric correlation was applied together with the oblique rotation method. For the second half of the data (n2=330), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on polychoric correlations was applied to confirm the factor structure of the scale. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, which shows internal consistency, and Spearman-Brown coefficients, which shows the two-half reliability, were calculated. Results: Of the participants, 52.6% were female and the mean age was 24.2±1.4. Only one-third of the students stated they had knowledge about intercultural sensitivity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.906. The Spearman-Brown coefficients for the whole scale and its sub-dimensions show that reliability values were also sufficient. In the confirmatory factor analysis, fit indices (RMSEA: 0.077, GFI: 0.98, CFI: 1.00) demonstrated a very good model fit. Conclusions: These results confirmed that the scale consisting of 23-items and 5-dimensions is a valid and reliable tool and can be used for Grade V and VI Turkish medical students. It is considered that integrating intercultural sensitivity training in undergraduate education of physicians would help to increase the number of physicians who are sensitive to different cultures and thus contribute to reducing disparities in healthcare provision. Keywords: intercultural sensitivity, scale, medical education, reliability-validity, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha

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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the spiritual care competency scale in nursing practice: a methodological study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e030497 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanli Hu ◽

René Van Leeuwen ◽

Fan Li

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Spiritual Care ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Component Structure ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

ObjectivesTo determine the validity and reliability of the Spiritual Care Competency Scale (SCCS) among nurses in China.DesignMethodological research.MethodsAfter the SCCS was translated into Chinese, the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the SCCS (C-SCCS) were evaluated using a convenience sample of 800 nurses recruited from different healthcare centres. The construct validity of the C-SCCS was determined by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with promax rotation. Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the C-SCCS and the Palliative Care Spiritual Care Competency Scale (PCSCCS-M) were computed to assess the concurrent validity and construct validity of the C-SCCS. To verify the quality of the component structure, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We tested the internal consistency and stability of the measure using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Guttman split-half coefficient, respectively, and a factorial analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 709 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate: 88.63%), and all completed questionnaires were suitable for analysis. Three factors were abstracted from the EFA and explained 58.19% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the three subscales were .93, .92, and .89, and the Guttman split-half coefficient for the C-SCCS was .84. The CFA indicated a well-fitting model, and the significant correlations between the C-SCCS and the PCSCCS-M (r=0.67, p<0.01) showed adequate concurrent validity. Nurses’ education and income level showed a significant association with the C-SCCS score.ConclusionThe C-SCCS was shown to be a psychometrically sound instrument for evaluating Chinese nurses’ spiritual care competencies.

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Distance education perception scale for medical students: a validity and reliability study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02839-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Güven Özkaya ◽

Mevlüt Okan Aydin ◽

Züleyha Alper

Keyword(s):

Distance Education ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Reliability Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background There are major changes in education strategies as higher education institutions urgently need to adopt distance education tools and practices due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Medical education is also trying to get out of this emergency using distance education. In this study, we aimed to develop a reliable and valid scale in order to evaluate the perceptions of medical students towards distance education. Methods The students taking part in the study were in the first five academic years of the medical faculty in Bursa in Turkey. At first, 57 items were determined to evaluate students’ perceptions. Content validity was examined according to the assessment of the expert team. Construct validity of these items was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated for reliability analysis. The medical students’ responses were scored using a five-point Likert scale. Results When the content validity was examined, the number of items was determined to be 38 items. Construct validity of these items was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Because of the exploratory factor analysis performed on the responses of 429 medical students, 22 items were included in four factors. This four-factor model was applied to 286 medical students and validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated for reliability analysis and values were between 0.713 and 0.930. Conclusions This study demonstrated validation and reliability of perceptions of distance education for medical students. We suggest a 22-item model with a four-factorial scale.

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Medical artificial intelligence readiness scale for medical students (MAIRS-MS) – development, validity and reliability study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02546-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ozan Karaca ◽

S. Ayhan Çalışkan ◽

Kadir Demir

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Data Science ◽

Factor Model ◽

Health Science ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Mathematical Concepts ◽

Evaluation And Monitoring

Abstract Background It is unlikely that applications of artificial intelligence (AI) will completely replace physicians. However, it is very likely that AI applications will acquire many of their roles and generate new tasks in medical care. To be ready for new roles and tasks, medical students and physicians will need to understand the fundamentals of AI and data science, mathematical concepts, and related ethical and medico-legal issues in addition with the standard medical principles. Nevertheless, there is no valid and reliable instrument available in the literature to measure medical AI readiness. In this study, we have described the development of a valid and reliable psychometric measurement tool for the assessment of the perceived readiness of medical students on AI technologies and its applications in medicine. Methods To define medical students’ required competencies on AI, a diverse set of experts’ opinions were obtained by a qualitative method and were used as a theoretical framework, while creating the item pool of the scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied. Results A total of 568 medical students during the EFA phase and 329 medical students during the CFA phase, enrolled in two different public universities in Turkey participated in this study. The initial 27-items finalized with a 22-items scale in a four-factor structure (cognition, ability, vision, and ethics), which explains 50.9% cumulative variance that resulted from the EFA. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.87. CFA indicated appropriate fit of the four-factor model (χ2/df = 3.81, RMSEA = 0.094, SRMR = 0.057, CFI = 0.938, and NNFI (TLI) = 0.928). These values showed that the four-factor model has construct validity. Conclusions The newly developed Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students (MAIRS-MS) was found to be valid and reliable tool for evaluation and monitoring of perceived readiness levels of medical students on AI technologies and applications. Medical schools may follow ‘a physician training perspective that is compatible with AI in medicine’ to their curricula by using MAIRS-MS. This scale could be benefitted by medical and health science education institutions as a valuable curriculum development tool with its learner needs assessment and participants’ end-course perceived readiness opportunities.

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Validity and Reliability Study of the Scale for Determining the Civic-mindedness Levels of Teaching Staff

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v5i4.2116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Rüştü Yeşil

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Bartlett Test ◽

Development Participation ◽

The Stability ◽

Civic Mindedness

use after also being checked by linguists. The validity analysis of the scale for the data collected was performed with exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlation tests, while the property of reliability was determined using the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient and the stability test was carried out by determining the relationship between two applications conducted at an interval of the five weeks. The scale, which is called the “Scale for Determining the Civic-Mindedness Levels of Individuals” is a five-step Likert-type scale and consists of 27 items that can be collected under three factors. The factor names are “Openness to Criticism/Development”, “Participation/Activeness” and “Lack of Prejudice/Flexibility”. The KMO value of the scale was 0.956; and the Bartlett Test values were x2=11001.719; sd=351; p<0.000. Items in the scale accounted for 56.619% of the total variance. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the χ2 value was 808.07 and the degree of freedom was 321. Χ2/df is 2.51. The fit indices of the scale were determined as RMSEA=0.067; S-RMR=0.049; NFI=0.97. The item-total corrected correlation coefficients of the items in the scale varied between 0.40 and 0.703 (p<.01). The reliability coefficient of the scale was Cronbach’s alpha at 0.954 and the stability coefficients of the items were between 0.496 and 0.674 (p<,01).

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Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Mireille Janczyk Hereibi ◽

Juliana Perez Arthur ◽

Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽

Ângela Taís Mattei ◽

Wendy Julia Mariano Viante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Brazilian Version ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Level Scale ◽

Hypertension Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the construct and test the reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. Methods: Methodological research with 220 participants in a primary health care unit from Curitiba, Paraná. The data were collected with a social demographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scale. The construct validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Correlation and Analysis of Variance. The discriminant validity was verified comparing groups of people with hypertension and without, using T test. Results: Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.74. The groups comparison showed that people with hypertension had better results (p<0,001). Pearson’s Correlation showed that the questions measure different aspects of the same construct, justifying its organization in subdimensions. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale is a reliable instrument, which had its construct and criterion validated to measure knowledge about hypertension among Brazilian people. It can help health professionals with planning educative actions.

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