John Desmond Clark 1916–2002

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Great Learning ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Warm Hospitality ◽  
Sub Saharan

Professor John Desmond Clark played a leading role in archaeological research in sub-Saharan Africa for six decades. In the words of his former teacher, Grahame Clark, he did ‘more than any other man to pull together the prehistory of the continent of Africa from the beginnings of human culture up to…recent times’. Desmond Clark displayed great learning, prodigious energy and productivity, wide friendships, and warm hospitality. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1952 and a Fellow of the British Academy in 1961. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the National Academy of Science (USA). His Cambridge Sc.D. was awarded in 1975 and he held honorary doctorates at Witwatersrand and Cape Town Universities (1985), along with the Gold Medals of the Society of Antiquaries of London (1985) and the Archaeological Institute of America (1989). The British Academy awarded him the Grahame Clark Medal for Prehistory in 1997.

scholarly journals The Search for a Schistosomiasis Vaccine: Australia’s Contribution

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Donald P. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Sub Saharan

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, results in considerable human morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, but also parts of the Middle East, South America, and Southeast Asia. The anti-schistosome drug praziquantel is efficacious and safe against the adult parasites of all Schistosoma species infecting humans; however, it does not prevent reinfection and the development of drug resistance is a constant concern. The need to develop an effective vaccine is of great importance if the health of many in the developing world is to be improved. Indeed, vaccination, in combination with other public health measures, can provide an invaluable tool to achieve lasting control, leading to schistosomiasis elimination. Australia has played a leading role in schistosomiasis vaccine research over many years and this review presents an overview of some of the significant contributions made by Australian scientists in this important area.

Maritime Archaeological Research in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno E.J.S. Werz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Sub Saharan

Maritime archaeology in sub-Saharan Africa is still in its early development stage. An extensive literature survey indicated that relatively few projects of this nature have been undertaken in these parts. Even fewer warrant the adjective “scientific,” based on the dearth of peer-reviewed academic publications that have appeared to date. Based on the survey, it seems that most research is undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, and Namibia, and the emphasis therefore lies with these countries.

Perceptions, Legislation, and Management of Cultural Heritage in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar Somasekharan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Heritage Legislation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Physical Features

Abstract:The present article discusses perceptions of cultural heritage and the development of heritage management in Ethiopia against the background of various pieces of legislation. Compared to many colonized countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the enactment of laws for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia. Even though archaeological research in Ethiopia dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, there have been no formal heritage laws or scientific restoration programs until 1966. However, living heritage, which is economically and spiritually beneficial to the local communities, has been protected and preserved with TMSs in communities such as Yeha, Konso, and Lalibela. Unlike Western management systems that emphasize the authenticity and integrity of physical features, the TMSs of Ethiopia have focused on the ideals and thoughts of the agencies that produce the cultural heritage. It had its own implications, to say, while retaining the ideological aspects, most built heritages in Ethiopia have been subjected to considerable physical interventions. Such physical interventions have disregarded structural authenticity and integrity of the monuments. Due to foreign invasions, continuous civil conflicts, and sporadic famines in the past, attention to cultural heritage and the implementation of heritage legislation has been negligent. However, Ethiopia has witnessed growing interest in the conservation and preservation of its heritage—cultural and natural; tangible and intangible—during the last twenty years. With the support of international collaborators, the Ethiopian government has initiated several measures to protect its heritage assets.

scholarly journals Informality and migrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town’s inner city

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (40) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractInformality is a defining characteristic of cities in the global South and most especially across the region of sub-Saharan Africa. Policy responses by governments towards the informal economy impact the livelihoods of informal entrepreneurs. In South Africa the informal economy is a critical source of livelihoods in urban areas. Many participants in the informal economy of South Africa’s major urban centres are international migrants, mostly drawn to the country from other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective in this paper is to examine the challenges faced by international migrant entrepreneurs in relation to policy development for the informal economy of the City of Cape Town. The analysis uses qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, documentary sources and secondary surveys. It is revealed that in Cape Town despite a pro-development rhetoric in the inner city there is evidence of a subtle but systematic exclusion of street traders, including of migrant entrepreneurs. Little evidence exists of a coherent analysis by city policy makers to understand and foreground the contributions made by migrant entrepreneurs for the urban economy.

Expat anxieties: Risk and safety in Cape Town, South Africa and Santiago de Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 136754942110138
Author(s):  
Nicky Falkof
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Discursive Constructions

This article considers ‘expatriate’ discourses about security in Cape Town, South Africa and Santiago de Chile. The cities themselves have reputations as desirable, beautiful, civilised, modern and welcoming, in contrast to lurid ideas about poverty, crime, filth and corruption that often characterise northern imaginings of the developing world. Yet, their locations within sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, respectively, nonetheless mark them out as potential spaces of high risk for migrants from the north. In this article, I am interested in the way in which lifestyle migrants to these cities negotiate fears about risk and safety within their new homes. In order to consider this question, I discuss posts on the online messageboards dedicated to these two cities within the popular InterNations ‘expat forum,’ as well as a series of interviews with people who use the forum. I use these respondents’ discursive constructions of safety, threat, otherness, belonging and the unknowability of the global south city to consider some of the affective underpinnings of this form of privileged migration.

scholarly journals Novel approach to estimate tuberculosis transmission in primary care clinics in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol of a prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036214
Author(s):  
Kathrin Zürcher ◽  
Carl Morrow ◽  
Julien Riou ◽  
Marie Ballif ◽  
Anastasia Sideris Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) transmission is difficult to measure, and its drivers are not well understood. The effectiveness of infection control measures at healthcare clinics and the most appropriate intervention strategies to interrupt transmission are unclear. We propose a novel approach using clinical, environmental and position-tracking data to study the risk of TB transmission at primary care clinics in TB and HIV high burden settings in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisWe describe a novel and rapid study design to assess risk factors for airborne TB transmission at primary care clinics in high-burden settings. The study protocol combines a range of different measurements. We will collect anonymous data on the number of patients, waiting times and patient movements using video sensors. Also, we will collect acoustic sound recordings to determine the frequency and intensity of coughing. Environmental data will include indoor carbon dioxide levels (CO2 in parts per million) and relative humidity. We will also extract routinely collected clinical data from the clinic records. The number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis particles in the air will be ascertained from dried filter units using highly sensitive digital droplet PCR. We will calculate rebreathed air volume based on people density and CO2 levels and develop a mathematical model to estimate the risk of TB transmission. The mathematical model can then be used to estimate the effect of possible interventions such as separating patient flows or improving ventilation in reducing transmission. The feasibility of our approach was recently demonstrated in a pilot study in a primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Cape Town (HREC/REF no. 228/2019), the City of Cape Town (ID-8139) and the Ethics Committee of the Canton Bern (2019-02131), Switzerland. The results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals.

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