The Academy Abroad: The Nineteenth-Century Origin of the British School at Athens

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beard ◽  
Christopher Stray
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Early History ◽  
British School ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Of Greece

This chapter focuses on the foundation and early history of the British School at Athens. It shows how the story of such foreign institutes intersects with many of the key issues in the rethinking of the Classics in the late Victorian period. These issues involve: the role of archaeology within the study of Classics, how archaeology was to be defined and bounded, and the relationship between the study of Classics and the modern lands of Greece and Italy, particularly in the light of growing middle class tourism and its infrastructures.

scholarly journals Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

Designing the Burglar-Proof Home

Night Raiders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Eloise Moss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Familial Bonds ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 6 takes a closer look at the relationship between crime, gender, and the home through analysing the security devices that began populating middle-class houses from the mid-nineteenth century. Designed to be impenetrable and invisible to the wandering eye of the thief, locks and safes were increasingly decorated with particular rooms in mind, especially feminized, sexualized spaces such as the boudoir and the bedroom. The chapter analyses how this reflected the heightened publicity accorded burglaries of women’s jewellery, possessions which held their own gendered, emotional significance as tokens of love and familial bonds. Crime prevention began to reshape domestic space in this era, whether via locks and safe doors hidden beneath gloriously elaborate carvings and intricate metalwork or taking the form of burglar alarms with sensors fitted snugly between carpets, walls, and window-ledges, trailing pressure-points like a net around the home’s perimeter. While existing scholarship on the history of domestic space has thus far treated decoration and security separately, this chapter considers how the design and placement of anti-burglar devices crafted an interplay between boundaries and furnishings that maintained the facade of carefree residential harmony.

London and the Nation in the Nineteenth Century (The Prothero Lecture)

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Henry James ◽  
English History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between London and the rest of the nation is an important but perhaps somewhat neglected aspect of English history. In recent years this theme has, it is true, directly or indirectly, engaged the attention of a number of distinguished scholars, but it is still not generally recognised to be as vital an ingredient in the history of this country as is the rôle of Paris in the history of France. Henry James even went so far as to say that ‘all England is in a suburban relation’ to London, and the standpoint of this paper is equally metropolitan. Its theme is that the loss of its normal preeminence which London seemed to sustain in the nineteenth century was in reality short-lived, and more apparent than real.

scholarly journals KERAMIK SITUS KUTAI LAMA: TINJAUAN BENTUK DAN KRONOLOGI [KUTAI LAMA CERAMICS: A REVIEW ON FORM AND CHRONOLOGY]

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Eka Asih Putrina Taim
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early History ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship

Kutai Lama merupakan salah satu kota lama yang terdapat di daerah aliran Sungai Mahakam. Salah satu bukti hubungan antara Kutai Lama dengan dunia luar adalah banyaknya sebaran pecahan keramik asing, terutama dari Cina, yang padat di sepanjang tepian sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami keberadaan keramik kuno di daerah aliran Sungai Mahakam. Adapun sasaran penelitian ini adalah bentuk dan variasi keramik, sehingga diketahuifungsi serta peranan keramik Cina pada masa itu. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada penelitian terdahulu yang mengulas tentang besarnya pengaruh eksistensi keramik Cina dalam perkembangan kebudayaan di kawasan Kutai Lama. Situs Kutai Lama merupakan kawasan penting bagi rekonstruksi sejarah awal perkembangan Islam di Kutai Kartanegara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif, dan perbandingan-perbandingan berdasarkan literatur keramik Cina. Hasil analisis morfologi dan kronologi menunjukkan bahwa keramik Dinasti Song-Yuan mendominasi populasi temuan keramik di Kutai Lama. Hal ini menjadi indikasi komoditi dagang tersebut dihargai sebagai suatu hadiah, sehingga menjadi barang berharga yang dimiliki oleh kalangan tertentu atau tokoh masyarakat. Kutai Lama is one of the old towns located in the Mahakam River catchment. One of the items of evidence of the relationship between Kutai Lama and the outside world is a large number of fragments of foreign ceramic, especially from China, which was densely found along the banks of the river. The objective of this study was to understand the existence of old ceramics in the Mahakam River catchment. The target of this research was the form and variation of ceramics, thus providing information on the purpose and role of Chinese ceramics then. This research was conducted because there were no previous studies that reviewed the magnitude of the influence of the existence of Chinese ceramics in the cultural development in the Kutai Lama region. The Kutai Lama site is an important area for the reconstruction of the early history of Islamic development in Kutai Kartanegara. The research method used was qualitative-descriptive, and comparative based on Chinese ceramics literature. The results of the morphological and chronological analyses showed that the Song-Yuan Dynasty ceramics dominate the population of ceramic findings in Kutai Lama. This is an indication that such trade commodity was also valued as gifts, therefore, it became valuable items owned by certain groups or community leaders.

scholarly journals Territoriale Culten in West-Congo: Verdwijning of Transformatie?

Afrika Focus ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Hein Vanhee
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Hypotheses

Territorial Cults in West-Congo: Vanished or Transformed? This paper discusses some of the key issues in my current research on the history of the relationship between society, tradition and Christianity in the west of Congo-Kinshasa over the last century. My focus here is on the process of progressive transformation of the nineteenth-century territorial cults and the structural continuity which is apparent in the development of the Congolese Christian church in the area. In presenting some of my working hypotheses I am suggesting that after an initial period of open hostility towards the first missionaries, BaKongo became aware – ‘empirically’ as it were – of the fact that new ways were to be explored in order to compete with the challenges of Western colonialism and the forces of modernity and globalisation. In this regard, the history of religious life in West Congo can be described as a progressive attempt to regain control over the relations between human society and the supernatural world.

Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship

Despite a wealth of studies on the history of the medieval sensory world, key issues remain regarding how sensory experiences were constructed and conducted, and thus impacted the archaeological record. A particularly overlooked consideration has been the relationship between worshipper and church building, as the senses played an integral part in determining not only devotional experience, but also the formation of its aesthetic and physical setting. This overview provides a general introduction to the archaeology of the senses, addressing the role of the senses in late-medieval society with emphasis on their impact on religion and spirituality, and how current understandings have arisen. It then examines the possibilities for how the senses might be interpreted and understood through the archaeological evidence available today. It will be argued that the senses played an integral part within daily life but particularly within worship which, at this time, structured society in the widest sense.

Debate on Pieter M. Judson’s The Habsburg Empire: A New History

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 343-384
Author(s):  
Erika Szívós ◽  
Jan Surman ◽  
Jakub Beneš ◽  
Mladen Medved ◽  
Tamara Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Central European ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Shed Light

Since its publication, Pieter M. Judson’s history of the Habsburg Empire: A New History has sparked discussion and debate as a result of its novel reframing of the relationship between nationalism and empire in the Central European polity. Judson offers a new narrative of a vibrant and adaptive state that had the ability to balance empire and nationality, and thus was not doomed to fail, as has been one of the well-worn interpretations of the empire. The contributors to this debate come to the book from different regional and academic standpoints, and take on a number of key issues raised by the book: the role of nationality in the empire; the nature of Habsburg imperial rule within the broader context of European empire building; the relationship of Hungary within the larger empire; and the position of the Habsburg Empire within European history as a whole. Together, these perspectives shed light on core issues raised by the book as well as offer reflections on the future of Habsburg studies.

Eastern Libya, Wadai and the Sanūsīya: A Ṭarīqa and a Trade Route

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis D. Cordell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Rapid Transport ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eastern Sudan

The caravan route linking Benghazi and Wadai was probably the most important avenue of long-distance trade between the Mediterranean and the eastern Sudan in the late nineteenth century. It remained economically viable well after 1900, after commerce on routes further west had declined.Beginning with the Mejabra trader from Jālū who first found a direct route from Cyrenaica to Wadai in 1809 or 1810, this article traces the history of the route in the nineteenth century with special reference to the effects of Wadaian policies on trans-Saharan commerce. The important role of the Mejabra and Zūwāyā merchants from Libya is also considered.Fluctuating fortunes characterized trading activity along the route between its opening and the years after 1850. Beginning in the 1860s, however, commercial prospects improved steadily. Evidence suggests that the Sanūsīya Muslim brotherhood (ṭarīqa) was largely responsible for increased trade and prosperity along the route at this time. Because the order spanned the route's entire length, it solved many of the problems connected with long-distance commerce. It assured regular communication, relatively rapid transport, the creation of bonds of trust, a system of adjudication and arbitration, and an all-embracing structure of authority to maintain order and respect for judicial rulings. It functioned as a trading diaspora, but its members were not all of the same ethnic group. Rather, adherence to a single ṭarāqa bound merchants together and fostered the security necessary for the trade. The article concludes that the relationship between the brotherhood and commerce was symbiotic. The Sanūsīya sheltered commerce; in turn, the caravan trade brought wealth to the order and united its far-flung domains.

Pater's Parerga: Framing the Imaginary Portraits

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Giles Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Similar Operation ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

Walter Pater's late-nineteenth-century literary genre of the imaginary portrait has received relatively little critical attention. Conceived of as something of a continuum between his role as an art critic and his fictional pursuits, this essay probes the liminal space of the imaginary portraits, focusing on the role of the parergon, or frame, in his portraits. Guided by Pater's reading of Kant, who distinguishes between the work (ergon) and that which lies outside of the work (the parergon), between inside and outside, and contextualised alongside the analysis of Derrida, who shows how such distinctions have always already deconstructed themselves, I demonstrate a similar operation at work in the portraits. By closely analysing the parerga of two of Pater's portraits, ‘Duke Carl of Rosenmold’ (1887) and ‘Apollo in Picardy’ (1893), focusing on his partial quotation of Goethe in the former, and his playful autocitation and impersonation of Heine in the latter, I argue that Pater's parerga seek to destabilise the relationship between text and context so that the parerga do not lie outside the text but are implicated throughout in their reading, changing the portraits constitutively. As such, the formal structure of the parergon in Pater's portraits is also a theoretical fulcrum in his aesthetic criticism and marks that space where the limits of, and distinctions between, art and life become blurred.

Oral Testimony as Historical Source Material for the Reconstruction of the Judicial History of Shipping in India (1600-1800)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Kamruzzman Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial History ◽  
Source Materials

This study was an attempt to understand how the available alternative source materials, such as oral testimonies can serve as valuable assets to unveiling certain aspects of maritime history in India. A number of themes in maritime history in India failed to get the attention of the generation of historians, because of the paucity of written documents. Unlike in Europe, the penning down of shipping activities was not a concern for the authorities at the port in India. The pamphlets and newsletters declared the scheduled departure of the ship in Europe but, in India, this was done verbally. Therefore, maritime history in India remained marginalised. Hence, in this article, I make an endeavour to perceive how the oral testimonies can help shed some new light on certain aspects of maritime history in India, such as life on the ship, maritime practices, and perceptions among the littoral people in coastal societies. This article also outlines an approach on how the broader question on the transformation of scattered maritime practices among coastal societies can be adapted and transferred into an organised institution of law by the nineteenth century, and how these can be pursued in future. I also suggest in this article that the role of Europeans, especially the British, in the process of transformation, can be investigated further through oral testimonies in corroboration with the colonial archival records.

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