What Have the Historians Ever Done for Us?

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Hans-Johann Glock
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Turn ◽  
History Of Analytic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between substantive philosophy and the history of philosophy, using the debate about analytic philosophy’s attitude towards the history of the subject as a guide to a more general assessment of historicism. While studying the past is not essential to substantive philosophy, it is useful. But it also harbours risks, as pointed out by thinkers as diverse as Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein. These risks are discussed by looking at four recent historicist trends within analytic philosophy: precursorism, the general ‘reflective turn’ towards the history of philosophy, the more specific ‘historical turn’ towards the history of analytic philosophy, and the self-reflective concern with the historiography of analytic philosophy. The chatper conclude that the benefits of doing philosophy historically outweigh the drawbacks; in any event, even if the history of philosophy were irrelevant to substantive philosophy it would still be a respectable discipline.

scholarly journals Affective Aporetics: Complementary Contradictions in the Interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche

PhaenEx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
NANDITA BISWAS MELLAMPHY
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
The Self ◽  
Leo Strauss ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
Place Holder ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In 1971, Wolfgang Müller-Lauter introduced his study of Nietzsche as an investigation into the history of modern nihilism in which “contradiction” forms the central thread of the argument. For Müller-Lauter, the interpretive task is not to demonstrate the overall coherence or incoherence of Nietzsche’s philosophy, but to examine Nietzsche’s “philosophy of contradiction.” Against those such as Karl Jaspers, Karl Löwith and Martin Heidegger, Müller-Lauter argued that contradiction is the foundation of Nietzsche’s thought, and not a problem to be corrected or cast aside for exegetical or political purposes. For Müller-Lauter, contradiction qua incompatibility (not just mere opposition) holds a key to Nietzsche’s affective vision of philosophy. Beginning with the relationship between will to power and eternal recurrence, in this paper I examine aspects of Müller-Lauter’s account of Nietzsche’s philosophy of contradiction specifically in relation to the counter-interpretations offered by two other German commentators of Nietzsche, Leo Strauss and Karl Löwith, in order to confirm Müller-Lauter’s suggestion that contradiction is indeed an operative engine of Nietzsche’s thought. Indeed contradiction is a key Nietzschean theme and an important dynamic of becoming which enables the subject to be revealed as a “multiplicity” (BGE §12) and as a “fiction” (KSA 12:9[91]). Following Müller-Lauter’s assertion that for Nietzsche the problem of nihilism is fundamentally synonymous with the struggle of contradiction experienced by will to power, this paper interprets Nietzsche’s philosophy of contradiction in terms of subjective, bodily life (rather than in terms of logical incoherences or ontological inconsistencies). Against the backdrop of nihilism, the “self” (and its related place holder the “subject”), I will argue, becomes the psycho-physiological battlespace for the struggle and articulation of “contradiction” in Nietzsche’s thought.  

The Natural History of Philosophy in Canada

Dialogue ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Thomas Mathien
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolutionary Study ◽  
Major Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Discipline

Some writers about the history of philosophy in Canada have wondered why it should be studied. That is a worthy question, but it is not the one I want to discuss here. I am going to assume there are good reasons for doing so because I want to consider some general features of the subject of such studies and to determine what has to be done to establish certain descriptive claims about it. I will also point out some concerns I have about the proper explanation of certain interesting features of Canadian philosophic activity, and I will present a brief evaluation of one major study. I will do this with the aid of a contention that the study of the history of an intellectual discipline is a little like an evolutionary study of a biological species, but I will close by pointing out one reason for doing history which goes beyond description, and even explanation, of the past.

Women or Philosophers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Rebecca Buxton ◽  
Lisa Whiting ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Women Philosophers

This history of philosophy is a history of men. Or at least, that’s how it has been told over the past several hundred years. But, over the last few decades, we’ve begun to see more and more recognition of women philosophers and the huge impact that they have had on the course of our discipline. There have always been philosophers who happened to be women. Hypatia of Alexandria was known by her contemporaries simply as The Philosopher, and hundreds of young men travelled from throughout the region to attend her public lectures. Philosophers who happen to be women, then, are nothing new. But our failure to recognise them as full contributors to the subject makes them appear to us as something of a surprise. A result of this is that women are often remembered as women first: they are seen more as women than they’re seen as philosophers.

Big Business in African Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Source Materials

This article surveys research into the business history of Africa completed during the past decade, taking as a point of departure the author's previous essays, ‘Imperial business in Africa’, in this Journal (XVII, (1976), 29–48 and 291–305), and using as a point of reference the published proceedings of two conferences held in Paris and London in 1981 and 1983. It is apparent that knowledge of indigenous and expatriate business in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has expanded considerably during the past ten years, and also that the studies produced by specialists on Africa have particular strengths: they remain integrated with other branches of history; they have illuminated the relationship between business enterprise and official policy; and they have been concerned to explore the wider social consequences of business activities and to relate historical research to current development issues. The literature reveals some characteristic weaknesses too, quite apart from limitations of source materials: the market for knowledge remains imperfect, and specialists often fail to incorporate work which is available; and their analysis is frequently limited by a reluctance to make use of theories of the firm and of accounting techniques. An explanation of these characteristics is offered, and it is concluded that once the present deficiencies have been recognized they can be overcome, and that the quality of research will improve still further as the subject continues to grow during the next decade.

scholarly journals 340 - VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS SECONDARY TO ROPINIROLE: CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
A.M. Carvalheiro ◽  
Joana Maia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Clinical Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objectives:Using as a starting point a clinical case, the authors performed a literature review to clarify the relationship between visual hallucinations and treatment with ropinirole.Methods:Analysis of the patient's clinical process and brief review of the latest available literature on the subject, published in PubMed/Medline databases.Results:Female patient, 89 years old, without psychiatric illness, brought to the emergency room by visual hallucinations, in the past 3 days “I see red, blue and green spots and roses on your sweater and a lot of flowers on that lady's blouse”sic. She recognised them as unreal (pseudo hallucinations) “no, nothing is there. It's from my eyes. I am fine of the head”sic. She has a personal history of glaucoma for decades, and restless legs syndrome for about 1 year, medicated with ropinirole. Adherence to therapeutic has been explored and it was found that she has been increasing, progressively and by its own initiative, the dose of ropinirole. She claims to be currently taking two pills of 8 mg twice daily (the recommended daily dose is 24 mg).Conclusions:Studies indicate that the incidence of hallucinations during the treatment of RLS with ropinirole is less than 1%, which can be justified by its high affinity for D3 receivers compared to D2 receivers. However, it is also known that the over-stimulation of dopamine receptors (by overdose or rapid titration) can cause hallucinations, which may have been the cause of the patient's clinical condition. This clinical case also allows to alert for the importance of excluding organic causes in the diagnosis of visual hallucinations.

scholarly journals Japanese Philosopher Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950) on the Problems of Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Liubov B. Karelova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Western Intellectual

The name of Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950) is still not so widely known outside of Japan. At the same time, he belongs to those outstanding Japanese thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, who not only introduced to their compatriots the history of Western philosophy, but also acted as generators of original concepts created on the basis of deep critical understanding of the Western intellectual heritage. The article deals with the reconstruction of Seiichi Hatano’s theory of time, formulated in his monograph “Time and Eternity” (1943), which crowned his creative career. The starting point of Hatano’s philosophy of time were studies of the basic human experience, which he interpreted in terms of the flow of life and the interaction of the Self and the Other. The subject of the Japanese thinker’s special interest was the problem of overcoming temporality. Hatano’s original contribution to the theory of time was the creation of the three-fold scheme of temporality, considered on the main levels of life – natural, cultural, and religious, conclusions about the divergence of time at the natural and cultural levels, and the idea that the past in history is governed by the perspective of the future.

Diderot, the Self, and the Science of Dreaming

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-232
Author(s):  
Charly Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dream State ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents Denis Diderot’s philosophy of the self in light of debates over the neuroscientific turn in historical research. Recent literature features an ideal of self-ownership that the history of philosophy shows to be radically contingent. Situating Diderot’s articles on dreaming and distraction in the Encyclopédie within the context of eighteenth-century theological and medical reflections on the self’s command over its ideas and actions, the chapter interrogates the relationship between science, philosophy, and religion. The dream state fascinated Diderot precisely because its structure and content allowed his contemporaries to reflect upon the fate of the human subject in a materially determined world.

The Sensation of Sound and Imagination in a Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
Sven Hroar Klempe
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Understanding

Sven Hroar Klempe traces the concept of imagination in the history of philosophy and psychology, focusing on the period starting from the German enlightenment, and his chapter deals extensively with the works of a number of prominent scholars from the past three centuries such as Christian Wolff, Alexander Baumgarten, Kant, and Carl Stumpf. Klempe discusses how the imagination of sound and music can be seen as a specific type of imagination, and he elucidates how sound and music provide an alternative understanding of imagination from that provided by language. This discussion focuses on the relationship between sensation and imagination and the complexity of sensory processes that music and sound can reflect in a way that language cannot.

scholarly journals On Logic, Syntax, and Silence

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Davoody Beni
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Logical Syntax ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
History Of Analytic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between Carnap’s Logical Syntax of Language (hereafter LSL) ([1934] 1937) and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (TLP) ([1921] 1922) has been interpreted in several ways during past decades. One of the interpretations has gained keen advocates among Carnap scholars. It was originally provoked by what Caranp said in LSL, and it consists of two parts. First, it indicates that in TLP the possibility of speaking about the logical form of a language within the same language (which happens to be the only language that there is) had been foresworn by Wittgenstein, but Carnap proved him wrong by producing a book (LSL) written exactly in the manner which had been proscribed by Wittgenstein. This is the debate about the possibility of speaking about logical form. Second, Wittgenstein’s dogmatism with regard to the existence of a unique correct grammar at the foundation of the language has been contrasted with Carnap’s open-mindedness in conceiving a boundless ocean of possibilities for constructing logical systems. Interestingly enough, Wittgenstein rambled with rage in reaction to Carnap’s view about the LSL-TLP relationship. But unlike Carnap’s view, which led to a dominant interpretation of the relationship, Wittgenstein’s testimony about the case has been strangely ignored in the history of analytic philosophy. In this paper, I try to make an inquiry about the grounds for Wittgenstein’s dissatisfaction with the Carnapian reading of the LSL-TLP relationship. I will show that Wittgenstein was not totally unfair in his judgment, and that some salient aspects of LSL (recognized as the anti-Tractarian aspects of the work) could be best understood in the light, or rather the gloom, of TLP, and bear a significant resemblance to it. This, however, does not need to diminish the logical and historical significance of LSL.

scholarly journals Modern teaching on the rights and freedoms of human and citizen

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
D. G. Vasilevich
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the doctrine of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The connection between the theory of human rights and freedoms and the history of the development of society is traced. The works of thinkers of the past are analyzed. The dynamics of views on the development of rights and freedoms is shown. Special attention is focused on two basic concepts of rights and freedoms – natural-legal and positivist, the general and special in their content are highlighted. Both of these concepts consider human rights as a certain view of the world outlook, worldview, which are based on the principle of humanism, and also as a system of humanistic values that determine relationships in society. Attention is drawn to the essential features of human rights. A brief analysis of three generations of human rights is carried out. It is emphasized that this classification is classical. However, new times force us to look at the classification problem in a new way. The classification of human and civil rights allows you to see their evolution, the historical connection of times, the general trend of development. The conclusion is substantiated that in the current period of human development, taking into account the achievements of science, primarily biomedicine, we can talk about the fourth generation of human rights, the socalled somatic rights. In this century, the focus on somatic human rights has become a feature. They increasingly occupy the attention of international organizations, become the subject of discussion at the national and international levels, since through their prism the nature of the relationship between a person and a state is assessed.

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