Barthes, the Desire to Write, and the Prevision of the Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
Anne Herschberg Pierrot
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
Grammatical Mood ◽  
Cy Twombly ◽  
As If

This chapter explores the connections between Le Lexique de l’auteur (the seminar of 1973–4 in which Barthes reflects on the genesis of the text that will become Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes), La Préparation du roman (his last Collège de France lecture course of 1978–80), and critical essays he wrote in the mid- and late 1970s on scription, the ductus, and writing as gesture (from an anthropological point of view, as in the posthumously published Variations sur l’écriture, and within the paintings of Bernard Réquichot and Cy Twombly). The main focus will be on Barthes’s reflection, across the two seminars, on the idea of the virtual work: his exploration of the modalities of literary genesis in the grammatical mood of the ‘as if’, and his development of ways of modelling literary genesis through the concept of the œuvre-maquette. This bringing together of modelling, genesis, and writing as process, placed in relation to the desire to write as a significant dimension of actual writing, is one of the strikingly original aspects of Barthes’s 1970s thought. It is one that the posthumous publication of the seminars and lectures allows us to understand.

scholarly journals Barthes’s positive theory of the author

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Harri Veivo
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
Individual Point ◽  
Literary Work Of Art

While it is well known that Roland Barthes consecrated his last lecture series at the Collège de France to the theme of the preparation of a novel, it is less known that his first writings on literature focused on the same question, but from a less individual point of view. The interrogation that motivates Le Degré zéro de l’écriture (1953) and many of the essays in Essais critiques (1964) is the question of how to write, of what procedures one can follow in preparing a literary work of art. At the two ends of Barthes’s career one finds the same themes of writing as action and of the writer’s possibilities and motivations in writing. The article explores the hypothesis that there is ground for a positive theory of the author in Barthes’s work. It seeks to discover similarities between writings from the early and the late period that concern three themes: (1) writing as action, (2) the deferral of its achievement, and (3) writing as representation. The article ends with a discussion on the relationships between Barthes’s positive theory of the author and related important issues that have been discussed recently in literary criticism.

The Crisis of Contemporary Culture: A View from the History of Russian Philosophy: (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli) Materials of the “round table”

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-212
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pruzhinin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Antoshchenko ◽  
Tanya N. Galcheva ◽  
Inna V. Golubovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Organism ◽  
As If

On August 26, 2021, with the support of “Voprosy filosofii” was held a “round table”, the participants of which considered it meaningful and relevant to address the legacy of experiencing and philosophical reflection of critical epochs by peo­ple who have fully endured the “breakdown” of being and an anthropological crisis – for comprehending the disturbing changes taking place in modern soci­ety. In this regard, the intellectual biographies of thinkers who felt a colossal shock in the 1920s and who tried to comprehend their local experience as a global are exceptional. In the authors’ focus are ideas and arguments of the philosophers of the Russian Abroad about the crisis of their contemporary culture (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli). The “round table” is an attempt to correlate their experience with the modern reality of the anthropological crisis. The studying intellectuals underlined the death of culture as the main threat to the life of the social organism. The salvation of culture, first of all, depends on the spiritual efforts of people. From this point of view, philosophy has to com­prehend the principles that make it possible to resist the processes of cultural de­struction. And in this regard, the personality of the philosopher is of exceptional importance, his willingness to live and work “as if history would never end, and at the same time, as if it ended today” (G.P. Fedotov). The philosophy of culture forms the ideal of personal choice as a free submission to universal human goals. The relevance of the intellectual and spiritual search of the “Russian Abroad” thinkers can't be overestimated since this crisis continues today, entering ever new, previously unpredictable phases. The struggle for culture continues. There­fore, the intellectual searches of the "Russian Abroad" thinkers are essential to­day. The core of the discussions was three actual topics in the context of their comprehension by the philosophers: 1. The crisis of religious consciousness; 2. The crisis of scientific rationality; 3. Crisis of cultural identity.

scholarly journals Les forces dans l’image et les gestualités émotionnelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Dondero
Keyword(s):  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
René Thom ◽  
Premiere Partie

Cet article aborde les relations entre le langage visuel et les émotions. Cette exploration se compose de deux volets : le premier est consacré aux forces textualisées dans l’image, le second aux gestualités émotionnelles, à savoir aux pratiques énonciatives du corps qui accompagnent l’interprétation et l’appréciation des images. La première partie discute la contribution de René Thom à la réflexion sur les émotions de la contemplation esthétique face au déploiement des forces dans les tableaux ; tandis que la deuxième partie met en contraste l’analyse manuelle et l’analyse computationnelle au regard des gestes de l’analyste et de l’observateur. L’analyse manuelle est illustrée à travers la pratique d’enseignement de Roland Barthes au Collège de France, l’analyse computationnelle est en revanche prise en examen à partir des expériences de Lev Manovich et des Cultural Analytics.

scholarly journals Die lewe en werk van Gerhard Ebeling (06 Julie 1912 – 30 September 2001): ʼn Leksikografiese bydrae tot Reformasie 500

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriël M.J. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
As If

Focusing on Ebeling’s own account of his ‘theological path’, autobiographical notes in hispublications and a gold mine of information in the biography of Albrecht Beutel on Ebelingpublished in 2012 the article describes important events with theological significance in lifeof Gerhard Ebeling. Ebeling is often portrayed in theological literature as a representativeof the so-called New Hermeneutic. For many people the name Ebeling is synonymous withhermeneutics, as if his only contribution to theology was the development of ‘a newhermeneutical theory’. This is a misconception. The article introduces the reader to anotherand more important point of view to value the life and work of Ebeling – his interest in theReformer Martin Luther, that not only had profound influence on Ebeling’s own theologicalthinking, but also resulted in many ground breakingpublications on Luther. The articlecelebrates Ebeling as one of the most important Luther scholars of all times.

scholarly journals Nietzsche e a Historiografia Prussiana: análise de fragmentos póstumos da Primeira Fase de sua obra

Antíteses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Celso Kraemer ◽  
Dominique Santos ◽  
Aniele Crescêncio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German States ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

RESUMO Ao observar as relações de Nietzsche com seus contemporâneos verifica-se que ele estava ciente das principais discussões relativas à Unificação da Alemanha (1871). Para a unificação era necessário que os 39 estados alemães compartilhassem o sentimento de pertencimento a uma pátria comum. Nesse meandro, os historiadores prussianos do século XIX desempenharam papel fundamental ao produzir um ambiente filosófico nacionalista, uma maneira científica e objetiva de pensar sobre a história. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as interações de Nietzsche com estes círculos intelectuais. Para isto, foram selecionados quatro dos chamados fragmentos póstumos de Nietzsche datados entre 1871 e 1873. De acordo com o ponto de vista de Nietzsche, as pretensões dos historiadores, não tinham nenhuma crítica, pois acreditavam, ingenuamente, que a verdade era um alvo tangível. Por outro lado, ele indicou a necessidade de uma história ligada à cultura, que era trabalhada em conjunto com "instintos artísticos".  ABSTRACT By observing the relationship of Nietzsche with his contemporaries one can notice that he was aware of the main discussions related to the unification of Germany (1871). Unification required 39 German states to share the feeling of belonging to a common homeland. Prussian historians of the nineteenth century played a key role in producing such a nationalist philosophical environment, a scientific and objectivist way of thinking about History. This work aim is to understand the interactions between Nietzsche and this intelectual circles. For this purpose, four of the so-called posthumous Nietzsche fragments, dated between 1871 and 1873, were selected. According to Nietzsche's point of view, some historians had a naive pretension to reach the truth, as if it were a tangible target. On another hand, he pointed out the necessity of a link between History and Culture, which should be understood altogether with ‘artistic instincts’. 

which challenges him into interpretative activity, into being a solver and realizer of the text rather than just a passive consumer of it. I have subjected the giraffe to such prolonged analysis because it is an emblematic beast. The point I want to stress in this paper is that Heliodoros’ whole novel demands an active interpretative response from his reader. The Aithioptka is a much more challen­ ging read than any of the other Greek novels, precisely because it is pervaded at every level by the kind of self-conscious game-playing typified by the riddle of the giraffe. Here, for instance, is the Egyptian priest, Kalasiris, who acts as narrator for about a third of the whole novel, describing a dream he had on the island of Zakynthos: as I slept, a vision of an old man appeared to me. Age had withered him almost to a skeleton, except that his cloak was hitched up to reveal a thigh that retained some vestige of the strength of his youth. He wore a leather helmet on his head, and his expression was one of cunning and many wiles; he was lame in one leg, as if from a wound of some kind. (5.22.1) The vision reproaches Kalasiris for failing even to pay him a visit while in the vicinity, prophesies punishment for the omission, but conveys greetings from his wife to Kalasiris’ charge, the heroine Charikleja, ‘since she esteems chastity above all things’ (5.22.3). Again a riddle is set up by not immediately identifying the old man, and again the description is presented from the point of view of a character within the story. Here, however, the situation is rather more complicated, since Kalasiris himself has two aspects, as narrator and character within his own narration. As narrator he knows the identity of the dream figure, but in his presentation of his own experience he omits any explanatory gloss, and re-enacts the perplexity of his initial reaction. He describes the dream as he saw it, rather than as he subsequently understood it. Again the reader is challenged to disambiguate the riddle by matching the points of the description with knowledge acquired elsewhere. Every detail corresponds to something in the Homeric poems.4 This time Heliodoros has succeeded in keeping the easiest clues to the end, particularly the formulaic epithet polytropos (‘of many wiles’), proverbially associated with one epic individual, and the reference to a wound in the leg which also clinches its owner’s recognition in the original. Further clues are offered by the fact

2014 ◽  
pp. 320-320
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
As If

The Publishing Profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Alison Rice
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maryse Conde ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Maryse Condé

The Introductory chapter examines the recent resurgence of the author in the Parisian literary landscape, approximately fifty years after critics like Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault put into question the centrality—indeed, the very concept—of this figure. Maryse Condé asserts that this is a development with great potential, for it allows the author to express her point of view in ways that she hadn’t felt authorized to do previously. There is also, however, the parallel possibility of according too much significance to the author, an option that becomes problematic when critics and readers concentrate on the identity of writers at the expense of a concern with the content of their work. Women writers from outside France are particularly susceptible to classification that sometimes permits a single trait (birthplace, ethnicity, gender) to determine how their texts are received. The “publishing profile” is a notion that refers in this analysis to the complicated and nuanced images of contemporary authors as they are currently composed. Their involvement in a number of undertakings—ranging from contributions to a book publication’s paratextual apparatus to public appearances such as television interviews and book festivals—means that authors are increasingly engaged in efforts to shape a composite impression of themselves. They thereby take advantage of diverse opportunities to contribute to carving out a profile that is made up of additive attributes that ultimately contradict reductive labels and restore to each author her complexity.

scholarly journals De la joya a la bisutería (1961)

Acta Poética ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Barthes
Keyword(s):  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
La Joya

A partir de 1954, Roland Barthes (1915-1980) comenzó a vislumbrar un proyecto semiológico —que lo llevaría a intentar, en la siguiente década, la fundación de una ciencia de los signos que tuviera como matriz la lingüística saussuriana— en numerosos ensayos y artículos periodísticos, al tiempo que profundizaba en un tema particular, la moda, que durante varios años le proveyó evidencias de que un fenómeno social podía estudiarse como sistema de signos. Fruto de esos años será su primer curso en la École Pratique des Hautes Études (1962-63), cuyo título fue: “Inventario de los sistemas contemporáneos de significación: sistemas de objetos (vestimenta, alimentación y alojamiento)”, y entre cuyos alumnos se contó a Jean Baudrillard. Como bien se sabe, aquel proyecto de una semiología fundada en la lingüística fracasó. No así la vertiente de la semiología literaria que el propio Barthes caracterizó en su discurso de ingreso al Collège de France (1977), como una semiología del texto que sería al mismo tiempo desconstrucción de la lingüística —y una escritura tal como él la practicara fértilmente en su obra crítica. En esta segunda vertiente, la impronta de la fenomenología francesa fue fundamental. En un ensayo poco conocido, publicado en Belgrado, “Nuevos senderos de la crítica literaria en Francia” (1959), Barthes concede a Gaston Bachelard la mayor importancia dentro de la crítica literaria francesa, y reconoce el valor de su aportación literaria: “la crítica de Bachelard es generosa, ayuda a producir en la interioridad del propio cuerpo el movimiento de la imaginación poética,que es un movimiento esencialmente liberador”.

Preparing the Novel: Spiralling Back

Paragraph ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
JONATHAN CULLER
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
Change Of Life ◽  
As If

La Préparation du roman, Barthes's course at the Collège de France which was interrupted by his death in 1980, announces a change of life: not giving up analysing literature and culture to write a novel but `preparing the novel', working as if he were going to write a novel. Barthes's approach to the novel is quite singular. With no interest in narrative, nor in extracting the meaning from experience, he treats the novel as a sort of notation, and perversely takes Haiku as a model. This new project constitutes in many respects a regression to literary and cultural ideas Barthes had previously rejected. Most seriously, it involves a turn away from reflection on language, which had been crucial to Barthes's work. But there are other ways in which the change in approach brings new insights to a thinking of the novel and of literature.

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