scholarly journals Características morfológicas externas de uma planta monóica de Cannabis sativa L.

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Amélia Moema Veiga Lopes ◽  
Vanoli José Xavier Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Monoecious Plant ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
External Characteristics ◽  
Female Flowers

The the external morphological features of a monoecious plant Cannabis sativa L. were studied. These features were compared with those of dioecious plant described by CARAUTA (1) and COSTA & JACCOUD (2) and the following conclusions were reached: 1) the monoecious plant presents external characteristics similar to the male dioecious plant; 2) in the monoecious plant do occur, aproximately in the same proportion, flowers with 2 and 3 stigmas, while the dioecious plant normally has 2 stigmas present; 3) in branches on which modified flowers occur, the general aspect of the flowers suggests that the male flowers give origin to female flowers.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology in monoecious and gynoecious cucumber cultivars as a result of IBA application

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Valdir Diola ◽  
Afonso I Orth ◽  
Miguel P Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

The understanding of both the reproductive biology and the regulation of the sexual expression of cucumber flowers (Cucumis sativus) makes crop management easier and can improve fruit yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological answer of cucumber floral verticils to the application of IBA. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in completely randomized blocks, with four replications of 4-plant plots, and treatments applied to a 5 x 2 factorial (0, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µmol of IBA, and two cultivars: Wisconsin MR28, gynoecious, and Caipira, monoecious). Cultivar Wisconsin MR28 produced in average 7,636 pollen grains (PG) per flower, with a positive linear response to the increase in IBA concentration. Instead, in cultivar Caipira (5,160 PG) all IBA concentrations reduced PG production. Cultivars did not differ from each other in relation to PG viability (average in vitrogermination of 75.4 and 79.9% to cultivars Wisconsin MR28 and Caipira, respectively) and in both PG viability increased linearly with the increase in AIB concentration. Cultivars Wisconsin MR28 and Caipira presented in average 71.6 and 70.6 seeds per fruit respectively, and responded with an increase in seed number and improvement in fruit general aspect to the rise in IBA concentration. The ratio male:female flowers was significantly different between cultivars (4.2:1 and 3.5:1, respectively to cultivars Wisconsin MR28 and Caipira) and responded in a distinct way to IBA concentrations. While in cultivar Caipira, IBA concentrations near to 100 µmol increased the number of male flowers; in cultivar Wisconsin MR28 the same IBA concentration reduced it. The two cultivars had a similar number of female flowers. However, whereas it remained relatively stable in cultivar Caipira in spite of the increase in IBA concentration, there was an increase in the number of female flowers in cultivar Wisconsin MR28, as a result of the rise in IBA concentration.

Studies in the Alismataceae. XI. Development of the inflorescence and flowers of Wiesneria triandra (Dalzell) Micheli

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569-1579
Author(s):  
W A Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Wiesneria triandra (Dalzell) Micheli is an unusual annual plant of the Alismataceae with spike-like inflorescences bearing unisexual flowers. Shoot development follows the sympodial pattern of other Alismataceae, but the cycle is so condensed that initiation of each foliage leaf is followed by inflorescence formation. The plant develops a tufted habit by the formation of an unusual accesory bud adjacent to each inflorescence. Male flowers have three sepals, three petals, three stamens, and usually three carpellodes; female flowers have a similar perianth, three staminodes, and three or more carpels. Up to the first three carpels, floral parts are arranged in alternating trimerous whorls. Additional carpels may occur above and between those of the first whorl. The androecium is particularly unusual for the Alismataceae since it has conventional alternation of stamens with petals rather than the antipetalous pairs of stamens commonly perceived in the family, but the phylogenetic postion of Wiesneria within the family (as revealed by other studies) indicates that the apparently conventional androecium of Wiesneria represents a derived state rather than a primitive one. The unisexual flowers also represent a derived state.

Pollination ecology of Monstera obliqua (Araceae) in French Guiana

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Chouteau ◽  
Melanie McClure ◽  
Marc Gibernau
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Floral Rewards ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Data on pollination ecology of Araceae are still scarce and most concern species belonging to the subfamily Aroideae (García-Robledo et al. 2004, Gibernau 2003, Ivancic et al. 2004, 2005; Maia & Schlindwein 2006). In this subfamily, inflorescences consist of unisexual flowers: female flowers are located in the lower portion and the male flowers are in the upper portion of the inflorescence (Mayo et al. 1997). In the documented neotropical Aroideae, pollinators are nocturnal beetles and pollination mechanisms take place within a floral chamber during a short flowering cycle (generally 24–48 h) with floral rewards (sterile flowers rich in proteins and/or lipids) for the beetle pollinators, the secretion of resin to secure pollen on the pollinator, and the production of heat and odours (Chouteau et al. 2007, García-Robledo et al. 2004, Gibernau & Barabé 2002, Gibernau et al. 1999, 2000, 2003; Maia & Schlindwein 2006, Young 1986).

Differential nectar production between male and female flowers in a wild cucurbit: Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana (Cucurbitaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ashworth ◽  
Leonardo Galetto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nectar Sugar Composition ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

In dioecious and monoecious plants that depend on animal vectors for reproduction, pollinators have to be attracted to male and female flowers for pollination to be effective. In the monoecious Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, male flowers are produced in greater quantity, are spatially more exposed to pollinators and offer pollen in addition to nectar as floral rewards. Nectar traits were compared between male and female flowers to determine any differences in the characteristics of the main reward offered to pollinators. Nectar chemical composition and sugar proportions were similar between flower types. Total nectar sugar production per female flower was threefold higher than per male flower, and nectar removal did not have any effect on total nectar production in both flower morphs. Pollinators reduced nectar standing crops to similar and very scarce amounts in both flower types. Results indicate indirectly that pollinators are consuming more nectar from female flowers, suggesting that the higher nectar production in female flowers may be a reward-based strategy to achieve the high female reproductive output observed in this species.Key words: Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, nectar production, nectar sugar composition, removal effects, standing crop.

scholarly journals The Effects of Silver Nitrate Applications on the Flower Quantity of Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz KARAKAYA ◽  
Hüseyin PADEM
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on the flower quantity of cucumbers. The seeds used in this study, which was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, in the Gazi village of Antalya Province (Turkey) the during spring and autumn 2005 breeding periods, were ‘Mostar F1’ (designated as ‘GND1’) and ‘Vesco Seeds Beith Alpha F1 (26.50 F1)’, designated as ‘GND2’ and those are the types having common production. The silver nitrate application was performed by the method of spraying on the growth tips of plants and 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm silver nitrate doses were administered. The research was conducted with 4 repetitions having 5 plants in each repetition according to the Random Parcel Trial Pattern. In order to determine the effects of the applications, the effects of a number of female flowers and male flowers on generative characteristics of planting periods (spring and fall) were identified and the results were statistically evaluated. According to the results obtained in this research, AgNO3 has led to the formation of male flowers (no male flower formation in control), has increased the number of male flowers, and has led to a decrease in the number of female flowers. The increase in the number of male flowers varied according to the periods (in ‘GND2’).

scholarly journals Pollen load and distribution on the body of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) within oil palm plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Van Basten Tambunan ◽  
Bandung Sahari ◽  
Damayanti Buchori ◽  
Purnama Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Pollen Distribution ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

<p>The African oil palm weevil,<strong> </strong><em>Elaeidobius kamerunicus</em> is an effective pollinator of oil palm. Each individual palm produces exclusively male or female inflorescence so that the success of pollination depends on the ability of the pollinator to transfer pollen from male to female flowers. The objective of this research was to study the amount of pollen carried by <em>E. kamerunicus</em> between male and female inflorescences (pollen load) and the amount of pollen carried on each part of the weevil’s body (pollen distribution). Fifty each of male and female  <em>E. kamerunicus</em> individuals were collected from male and female flowers on trees in 3 locations: Siantar (North Sumatra), Dramaga (West Java), and Morowali (Central Sulawesi). Data on pollen load and pollen distribution on the weevil’s body were analyzed using <em>ImageJ</em> software. Results show that <em>E. kamerunicus</em> individuals collected more pollen from male flowers than from female flowers. In addition, male insects carried more pollen on their bodies than female insects. Pollen distribution on weevil body parts was highest on the elytra, followed by the thorax, abdomen, legs, and head respectively.</p>

A new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from Yunnan, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN-JIE JIN ◽  
YAO CHEN ◽  
JOONGKU LEE ◽  
Zhechen Qi ◽  
LuXian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Female Flowers

A new species, Smilax hirtellicaulis (Smilacaceae), from southwestern China is described and illustrated. The new species differs from all known Smilax species in its unique tepals, i.e., basally connate in male flowers but separate in female flowers. Phylogenetic analysis supports its species delimitation, and suggests a sister position to the clade of Smilax sect. Heterosmilax which have flowers with connate tepals. Their closest phylogenetic relationship and resembled flower morphology may represent an evolutionary transition from separate to united tepals in Smilax. It thus provides us an ideal model for studying the evolution and development of such an innovative floral trait.

Flower Induction in Seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L. by N-Phenylcarbamates

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yanosaka ◽  
Hajime Iwamura ◽  
Toshio Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flowering Induction ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
Female Flowers

Abstract A series of N-phenylcarbamates induced flowers in one-month-old seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L. Ninety to 100% of the plants flowered when the seeds were germinated in the presence of the most potent members of this class. The flowering occurred only once at the top of the seedlings, which then continued to grow normally. This made it possible to select the commer­cially preferred m ales of this dioecious plant at the seedling stage. Both male and female flowers were fertile, so cross-breeding was possible between flowering seedlings as well as between flowering seedlings and adults that had grown normally. Activity of flowering induction was not related with inhibition of photosystem II activity.

scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihito Deguchi ◽  
Shriya Kane ◽  
Shobha Potlakayala ◽  
Hannah George ◽  
Renata Proano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a diploid (2n = 20), dioecious plant that is grown for fiber, seed, and oil. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in this crop because of its panoply of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phenolic compounds. Specifically, hemp contains terpenophenolic compounds such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), which act on cannabinoid receptors and positively regulate various human metabolic, immunological, and physiological functions. CBD and CBG have an effect on the cytokine metabolism, which has led to the examination of cannabinoids on the treatment of viral diseases, including COVID-19. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies, several synthetic pathways of hemp secondary metabolite production have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there are few reports on hemp metabolic engineering despite obvious impact on scientific and industrial sectors.In this article, recent status and current perspectives on hemp metabolic engineering are reviewed. Three distinct approaches to expedite phytochemical yield are discussed. Special emphasis has been placed on transgenic and transient gene delivery systems, which are critical for successful metabolic engineering of hemp. The advent of new tools in synthetic biology, particularly the CRISPR/Cas systems, enables environment-friendly metabolic engineering to increase the production of desirable hemp phytochemicals while eliminating the psychoactive compounds, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

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