Dimensions and Proportions in Egypt’s Byzantine Religious Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Ramez Boutros
Keyword(s):  
Church Architecture ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Church ◽  
Written Sources

In the study of Egypt’s Byzantine religious architecture, modern scholarship has been focusing essentially on es- tablishing the typology of plans and their relative chronology. Church building activity has also been studied by using the written sources complimented by the archaeological evidence. is abundant Christian archaeological material shows an amazing variety and complexity in church designs. ere is a need of a rationalized analysis of the proportion ratios of the church buildings, and a necessity to focus on the dominant factors dictating its size, the type of its structure, and the quantities of materials used in its construction. e study of geometric shapes and the evolution of their sacred perceptions is yet another interesting facet of this type of architecture. e purpose of this paper is to explore new approaches in studying the proportion ratios and its correlation with the measuring units used in Byzantine church architecture and the existence of any symbolic concepts.

Devotional Practices and the Development of the Church Building

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-350
Author(s):  
Nebojša Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Research Directions ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Orthodox Christian worship and devotions determined the planning, organization, and form of religious architecture in Byzantium. However, a church does not merely house religious events; it also has an impact on the way they are accommodated within a defined space. This chapter presents Byzantine church building as it was understood by its users and developed in relation to various segments of liturgical ritual and forms of devotion. An effort is made to address all periods, include developments in regions outside the capital, and examine some manifestations beyond the church building. At the end, there is an overview of issues and problems in the study of the subject, and of potential research directions in the field.

scholarly journals Defensive Constructions of the Markula Hillfort: the Dating Revisited

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.В. Требелева ◽  
А.С. Кизилов ◽  
К.А. Глазов ◽  
З.Г. Хондзия ◽  
Г.Ю. Юрков
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church ◽  
Masonry Mortar

В ходе разведок 2013 г. совместной российско абхазской экспедицией в селе Маркула Очамчырского района Республики Абхазия рядом с известной по литературе башней Алахаш абаа был обнаружен комплекс архитектурных остатков, представленных храмом и оборонительными сооружениями. Памятник назван городище Маркула . В 2014 г. здесь были проведены замеры обеих башен, заложены разведочные шурфы, частично изучена технология кладки, исследован раскопками храм и территория вокруг него. Применялись традиционные методы, а также физико химический анализ связующего раствора кладки и фотограмметрия. При исследовании строительно архитектурных особенностей башни Алахаш абаа выявлены специфические элементы деревянных балочных продольных укрепительных поясов сооружения. Данная технология описана Витрувием. На основе анализа археологического материала и технологии строительства сделан вывод, что оборонительные сооружения, скорее всего, одновременны или являются более ранними, чем центральный храм базилика. Конструктивные особенности последнего, археологические материалы и характер известкового раствора дают основания относить храм к одному из наиболее ранних в Абхазии и датировать его не позднее VI в. In 2013 when performing reconnaissance works, a joint Russian and Abkhazian expedition discovered an ensemble of architectural remains represented by a temple and defensive constructions in the village of Markula in the Ochamchira District of Abkhazia near the Alakhash abaa Tower well known in literature. The site got the name of the Markula hillfort. In 2014 the towers were measured, test trenches were dug, the masonry technology was partially examined, the church and the area around it were excavated. Traditional methods as well as physical and chemical analysis of the masonry mortar and photogrammetric mapping were employed. The study of the construction and architectural distinctive features of the Alakhash abaa Tower identified specific elements of lengthwise reinforcing strips of the construction made from wooden beams. This technology was described by Vitruvius. The analysis of the archaeological material and the technology concluded that these defensive constructions were, most likely, contemporary with the central basilica type church or had been made earlier. Constructive features of the basilica, archaeological materials and the nature of limestone mortar make it possible to consider this church as one of the earliest pieces of church architecture in Abkhazia and date it not later than the 6th century.

What the church betokeneth: Placing the people at the heart of sacred space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Varnam
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
The People ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

This chapter examines the debate over the relationship between the church building and its community in orthodox and Lollard texts. The chapter begins with the allegorical reading of church architecture in William of Durandus’s Rationale divinorum officiorum and the Middle English What the Church Betokeneth, in which every member of the community has a designated place in the church. The chapter then discusses Lollard attempts to divorce the building from the people by critiquing costly material churches and their decorations in The Lanterne of Liȝt, Lollard sermons, and Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede. The chapter concludes by examining Dives and Pauper in the context of fifteenth-century investment in the church, both financial and spiritual, and argues that in practice church buildings were at the devotional heart of their communities.

Investigations at “Julianos' Church” at Umm-el-Jemal

1957 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
G. U. S. Corbett ◽  
J. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Important Respect ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
British School ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

The main object of the expedition to Umm-el-Jemal, which was financed by the Walker Trust and sponsored by the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, in the summer of 1956, was to re-examine the evidence for the history of a church building which had been discovered and summarily surveyed by Professor H. C. Butler and the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition to Syria in the years 1904–1905. This was the church which the Princeton expedition named after a certain Julianos and dated to the year A.D. 344 on the basis of an inscription which they found lying in the ruins and which they associated (mistakenly, as it now seems) with the foundation of the church.Of the hundreds of church buildings which must have been constructed during the first half of the fourth century, very few are known to us, and a church with a recognisable plan and so early a date is a matter of considerable consequence in the study of the development of church architecture. It therefore seemed well worth while to make a special visit to the site of Julianos' church to verify the facts published by the Princeton Expedition; especially as their survey was a rather summary one and seemed, when the writer visited the site in 1953, to be mistaken in more than one important respect.

The Historia Ekklesiastike kai Mystike Theoria: a symbolic understanding of the Byzantine church building

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Marinis
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Symbolic Understanding ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
Exegetical Tradition ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

AbstractThis paper offers a close reading of the passages in the Historia Ekklesiastike kai Mystike Theoria, a liturgical commentary attributed to Germanos I, patriarch of Constantinople (d. 730), that pertain to the church building. The Historia’s interpretation is highly symbolic, steeped in scripture and dependent on earlier and contemporary theological thought. On occasion, the text sheds light on actual architectural developments, as in the case of the skeuophylakion. On the whole, however, the discussion of architecture is rather vague. I argue that the Historia is part of a long exegetical tradition on the liturgy that disregards the functional aspects of church buildings, a disconnect enabled by the adaptability of Byzantine liturgical rites.

scholarly journals STYLISTIC TENDENCIES IN CONTEMPORARY CHURCH ARCHITECTURE IN UDMURTIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Vladimirkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Creative Methods ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Church Design ◽  
The Church ◽  
Design And Construction

The article reviews contemporary church building practices in Udmurtia. Stylistic tendencies in the church architecture are considered. Two approaches could be identified in church design and construction, representing two different creative methods of morphogenesis rendered in Russian by two stylizing-related terms: stilizatorstvo (faithful to the original) and stilizatsiya (less faithful to the original). These two concepts, used in the evaluation of the 1830s – early 20th century architecture, present two ways of interpreting historical architectural prototypes.

scholarly journals SIMBOL DAN ORNAMEN-SIMBOLIS PADA ARSITEKTUR GEREJA KATOLIK REGINA CAELI DI PERUMAHAN PANTAI INDAH KAPUK-JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Christophori Lake
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Church

The Catholic Church building always displays symbols and ornaments as an expression of religious (sacred) faith and atmosphere. Symbols in the form of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects arranged and beautified the church as well as religious significance. Symbols and ornaments are placed inside the church (interior) and outside the church (exterior), function to support the atmosphere of the church visually and help appreciate aesthetic, psychological and religious faith. Regina Caeli Catholic Church in Pantai Indah Kapuk Jakarta is a Catholic church that is characterized by modern architecture and features symbols and ornaments on the interior and exterior of the church. This paper describes the existence of symbols and ornaments -symbols in the church associated with obedience to the principles of modern architecture that underlies the design of the church. The research problem is how the existence of symbolic symbols and ornaments in the Regina Caeli Catholic Church, which are modern-minimalist architecture? The study was carried out by analyzing secondary data (photos and texts) and literature studies, then compared with the basic guidelines of Catholic church architecture and the principles of modern architecture. As a result, Regina Caeli's Catholic Church architecture is a modern architecture with a modern-minimalist expression. The existence of a symbol of the cross marks the existence of a Catholic church visually, the interior ornaments strengthen the uniqueness as a sacred (religious) space. The Regina Caeli Catholic Church has a modern architecture and provides a place for symbolic symbols and ornaments; there is a mixture of modern architecture with church symbolism as a relogious building.

The Architecture of Faith under National Socialism: Lutheran Church Building(s) in Braunschweig, 1933–1945

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRIEDRICH WEBER ◽  
CHARLOTTE METHUEN
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Church Building ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
Building Community ◽  
The Church

It has frequently been assumed that church building ceased after the National Socialists came to power in Germany in 1933. This article shows that it continued, and considers the reasons why this was the case. Focussing on churches built in the Church of Braunschweig between 1933 and 1936, it explores the interactions between emergent priorities for church architecture and the rhetoric of National Socialist ideology, and traces their influence on the building of new Protestant churches in Braunschweig. It examines the way in which Braunschweig Cathedral was reordered in accordance with National Socialist interests, and the ambiguity which such a reordering implied for the on-going Christian life of the congregation. It concludes that church building was widely understood to be a part of the National Socialist programme for creating employment, but was also used to emphasise the continuing role of the Church in building community. However, there is still much work to be done to investigate the ways in which churches and congregations interacted with National Socialism in their day-to-day existence.

The Church of St. Catherine in Thessalonike: its topographical setting and the current state of scholarship

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Hadjitryphonos
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Information ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Byzantine Architecture ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
Church Design ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe Church of St. Catherine representing one of the outstanding achievements of Byzantine architecture in Thessaloniki, and vital to our understanding of late Byzantine church building, has not been sufficiently studied. The intention of this study is to present a number of issues - taking into consideration that the information about this church is dispersed in many studies about different topics of Byzantine culture and archaeology - and to focus on its topographical setting, its immediate environs, the available sources, and the current state of scholarship, as well to present new information such as the document of dedication on occasion of its conversion into a mosque. - The main conclusions to be drawn are the following: Limited information about the church and its area; its identification mostly with churches dedicated to Christ; its dedication to St. Catherine mentioned for the first time in the Ottoman period; conflicting proposals to dating the monument between the twelfth and the second half of the fourteenth century; consideration of two opinions, first holding the church design and its implementation according to a unified plan, and a second based on different phases requiring further examination.

scholarly journals A Prelude to the Study of Indigenous, Pre-European, Church Architecture of Kerala

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Sunil Edward
Keyword(s):  
Church Architecture ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Indigenous Church ◽  
Church Building

Christianity is believed to have been first introduced to Kerala in 52 CE through St. Thomas, the Apostle. This paper introduces the traditional indigenous Church architecture of Kerala that existed before the arrival of Portuguese in 1498 CE. The paper mainly looks into the circumstances under which it got destroyed and also analyses the reasons for its disappearance. The paper concludes that after the arrival of the Europeans and, in their initiative to bring the Kerala church closer to the Western church, they constituted a conscious attempt to alter the religious architecture of traditional Kerala Christians, declaring that it was Hindu by nature. Their intervention caused an irreparable break in the age-old system, and introduced a totally new and alien style to the traditional church building character, form and scale, forcing the traditional church architecture of centuries to be wiped off forever.

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