Ecotoxicological effects of ballast water effluent teated by an electrolytic method on marine environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010-1020
Author(s):  
Tae Won Kim ◽  
Keun-Yong Kim ◽  
Myung-Baek Shon ◽  
Young-Soo Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

scholarly journals Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bell ◽  
Marcus von der Au ◽  
Julia Regnery ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Björn Meermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

Abstract Background Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes composed of aluminum-zinc-indium alloys is often applied to protect offshore support structures of wind turbines from corrosion. Given the considerable growth of renewable energies and thus offshore wind farms in Germany over the last decade, increasing levels of aluminum, indium and zinc are released to the marine environment. Although these metals are ecotoxicologically well-studied, data regarding their impact on marine organisms, especially sediment-dwelling species, as well as possible ecotoxicological effects of galvanic anodes are scarce. To investigate possible ecotoxicological effects to the marine environment, the diatom Phaedactylum tricornutum, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri and the amphipod Corophium volutator were exposed to dissolved galvanic anodes and solutions of aluminum and zinc, respectively, in standardized laboratory tests using natural seawater. In addition to acute toxicological effects, the uptake of these elements by C. volutator was investigated. Results The investigated anode material caused no acute toxicity to the tested bacteria and only weak but significant effects on algal growth. In case of the amphipods, the single elements Al and Zn showed significant effects only at the highest tested concentrations. Moreover, an accumulation of Al and In was observed in the crustacea species. Conclusions Overall, the findings of this study indicated no direct environmental impact on the tested marine organisms by the use of galvanic anodes for cathodic protection. However, the accumulation of metals in, e.g., crustaceans might enhance their trophic transfer within the marine food web.

scholarly journals BALLAST WATER POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE BLACK SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Vasile RAŢᾸ ◽  
Liliana RUSU
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Stability

Since the emergence of humanity, the marine environment has provided a safety net in many ways, has fostered socio-economic development, creating links between states, between continents. In the same time, it represents a priority source of food for a considerable percentage of the population. The same marine environment also creates solutions to current global problems, as a potential source of sustainable energy for the future. In recent decades, the stability of this ecosystem has been  considerably shaken by the various types of pollution resulting from human activities. The Black Sea is not immune to these results from economic activities, such as the transport of goods by water, which creates the context for the migration of living organisms from one geographical region to another. The threat of ecosystems has been intensified by the process of globalization, by changing the natural food chains following the accidental introduction of non- indigenous marine life by discharging ballast water from ship tanks. Risk assessment to limit the effects of this biohazard problem is the first step in a normal regional chain of action..

Potential invasions of phytoplankton in ship ballast water at South Korean ports

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonggil Hyun ◽  
Kyoungsoon Shin ◽  
Min-Chul Jang ◽  
Pung-Guk Jang ◽  
Woo-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Environmental Parameter ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Ship Ballast Water

We studied the phytoplankton communities in ballast water in ships that arrived at two South Korean ports. We determined the potential for phytoplankton in the ballast water to invade the South Korean marine environment, given the specific growth rates of the phytoplankton, the delay before the phytoplankton started growing, and the rate at which the phytoplankton would initially disperse in ports and bays. Most of the phytoplankton in the ballast water samples originated in countries such as China and Japan that are adjacent to South Korea, and diatoms dominated these phytoplankton communities. The abundance of phytoplankton in a sample did not appear to be related to any particular environmental parameter, including the voyage duration. However, the number of phytoplankton taxa in a sample decreased as the voyage duration increased. The survival and growth of phytoplankton communities in the South Korean marine environment were assessed, and we found that most invasions failed at the initial dispersal phase, especially when a community was introduced to pier-side seawater. However, some members of phytoplankton communities, if they were dispersed and where conditions were highly eutrophic, could grow fast enough to overcome the initial dispersal phase in South Korean ports and bays.

scholarly journals First Record of the Lessepsian Migrant Smith's Cardinalfish Jaydia smithi Kotthaus, 1970 (Pisces: Apogonidae) from Syrian Marine Waters

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Firas A. Al-Shawy ◽  
Murhaf M. Lahlah ◽  
Chirine S. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
First Record ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Environment Changes ◽  
Lessepsian Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Five individuals of Smith's cardinalfish Jaydia smithi were collected from Ibn-Hani area, Lattakia, Syria on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Their morphometric and meristic characteristics are reported. There are several factors which assisted this specimen to reach this area of the Mediterranean; some of these factors might be the marine environment changes and the ballast water. This study reports that Smith's cardinalfish Jaydia smithi, a member of Lessepsian species was found in Syrian marine waters for the first time.

scholarly journals The Evolving World of BWMS Approvals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcie Merksamer
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Ballast Water Management ◽  
Classification Society

Revisions to the Guideline 8 (G8) type approval procedures for ballast water management systems (BWMS) were recently completed during the seventieth session of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 70). Key changes to G8 and their potential to impact the testing and availability of approved BWMS are considered. The additional approvals, such as US Coast Guard type approval, classification society approvals, and flag State approvals that BWMS manufacturers are required to obtain are also proving to be evolutionary. These various BWMS approvals, their complexities and how they interplay with each other are discussed. Further, conceptual solutions related to streamlining BWMS approvals in support of ballast water regulation implementation are presented.

scholarly journals Ballast Water Management: Policy to Sampling - the Orkney Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sawkins ◽  
Jenni Kakkonen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Orkney Islands Council is the Statutory Harbour Authority for Scapa Flow – a 324.5km2 area of deep water and sheltered anchorage in the Orkney Islands, north of mainland Scotland, with a long history and present use by all types of shipping. This paper will provide a short introduction to the development of the IMO and EU Directive compliant Ballast Water Management Policy for Scapa Flow which was approved by the competent planning authority in December 2013. Scapa Flow is in an environmentally sensitive area, this along with best practice was taken into account when developing the Policy – which includes strict and enforceable requirements on vessels and the Harbour Authority with regards to operations, monitoring and reporting. Since its approval there have been thirty-three occasions where ballast water discharge into Scapa Flow (by various types of vessels) has been requested. The Policy requires that vessels requesting to discharge ballast water into Scapa Flow must exchange and treat (where a treatment system is fitted) on every visit to Scapa Flow (no exceptions or exemptions allowed). To date thirty-one vessels have carried out exchange and two have carried out exchange and treat – all as per the Policy. This paper will deal with the setting of an IMO compliant Ballast Water Policy through to practical application by a Statutory Harbour Authority for a period of three years from 2013 to present day – with examples of ship types, amounts, any restrictions imposed, checks and reports made. It will include – with input from the Harbour Authority’s Marine Environment Unit lead by Jenni Kakkonen –a review of the positive actions, problems, solutions and overall results obtained so far regarding taking ballast water samples from these vessels, analysing the same and recording of details. There is a continual review and reporting process with regards to the effectiveness of the Policy to the Orkney Marine Environment Protection Committee (comprising of all the relevant statutory advisors and interested groups). The paper will contain the Harbour Authority’s way ahead in order to remain compliant, maintain its knowledge base of new technologies and environmental reports – all with the continued aim of maintaining the environment and commercial sustainability of Scapa Flow as a leading port and harbour.

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