COMPARISON OF LAND-BASED TEST SETUPS FOR A BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Two land-based setups were tested at different locations using the same combined treatment technologies, to assess the effect of different control and treated tanks condition as well as overall effectiveness of a ballast water treatment system. The test procedure included a five day storage period of organisms in the control and treated tanks as specifically advised in the type approval procedure for shipboard and land-based tests described in the IMO Guideline ‘G8’. The configurations and materials of control and treated tanks used in each test location were different resulting in invalid test results at one testing location.

RESEARCH OF ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL REGULATORY REGARDING THE INTRODUCTION AND OPERATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY TRACTORS

The purpose of the study is to analyse the quantitative and qualitative composition of registered and registered in Ukraine in 2020 agricultural and forestry tractors (hereinafter - tractors) and to identify areas for improvement of technical regulatory elements for their commissioning and operation. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis and generalization of data on registered and registered tractors, as well as certain elements of technical regulation (technical regulations, standards, procedures for assessment and confirmation of conformity). Results. To summarize the structure of data on tractors, an analysis of their quantitative and qualitative composition, namely new (2018-2020 years of production) and first commissioned in 2020 in Ukraine wheeled and tracked tractors, based on the report of the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine for 2020 [Register ( open data), 2020]. The results of the analysis showed that for the first time in Ukraine mostly new tractors are registered (96 %) and only about 4 % - imported, used tractors. Analysis of the distribution of registered new tractors by origin showed that about 60 % of new tractors are Chinese tractors, the vast majority of which are small tractors, about 22 % ― Belarusian production, domestic serial tractors are a small percentage ― within 6 %. Some elements of technical regulation used for putting into operation and operation of tractors in terms of their efficiency (technical regulations, procedures for confirmation of conformity and registration) are analysed. The results of the research are generalized and the directions of improvement of the elements of technical regulation on the commissioning and operation of tractors in Ukraine are determined. Conclusions. Taking into account the results of research on the structure and origin of tractors placed on the market and put into operation in Ukraine, analysis of the provisions of current regulations, it is determined that the issue of putting into operation and operation of single models of tractors, agricultural and forestry trailers remains unresolved. , trailer vehicles (hereinafter - vehicles), in particular the type of which is not approved in Ukraine, as well as used, converted, etc. Therefore, the current technical legislation governing the introduction of mass-produced vehicles covered by the Technical Regulation approving the type of agricultural and forestry tractors, their trailers and replaceable trailers, systems, components and individual technical units [CMU Resolution № 1367 of 28.12.2011] (hereinafter ― the Technical Regulation of type approval 1367/2011) must be supplemented by regulations, which establish the requirements and procedures for confirming the conformity of individual models of vehicles. This will allow for a more complete settlement of the issue of admission to traffic of safe vehicles.

AUTOMATED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - SAFETY, APPROVAL, SOCIAL BENEFITS AND FEARS OF INTRODUCING AUTOMATIC DRIVING SYSTEMS

The paper discusses the details of the work of automation systems for motor vehicles and their methods of testing. The requirements of the new UN Regulation No. 157 were presented as a tool for conducting the type-approval of automated vehicles in the field of the Automated Lane Keeping System (ALKS). The most important requirements and methods of testing ALKS systems for the vehicle type-approval are described. Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages as well as the effects and social concerns of the implementation of such systems in relation to the road safety, has been carried out.

Performance, Emissions, and Efficiency of Biodiesel versus Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), Considering Different Driving Cycles Sensitivity Analysis (NEDC and WLTP)

The use of biofuels in vehicles becomes more advantageous than the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly because it uses renewable sources of energy. Recently there are some concerns about biodiesel sources, and hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) appear as a possible advanced solution. To understand the effect that the implementation of the new and old European type-approval test cycles (NEDC e WLTP) has on the results of these fuels considering pollutant emissions and fuel consumption results, a EURO V vehicle was subject to these cycles and also to engine performance evaluation tests. For this analysis, the fuels considered were: B0 (pure diesel), B7 (7% of biodiesel), B15 (15% of biodiesel), B100 (pure biodiesel), and HVO15 (15% of HVO). The findings lead to the conclusion that completely replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is not the most cost-effective approach. No significant differences were observed considering the two homologation cycles, the oldest (NEDC) and the actual (WLTP) and the use of HVO also does not present any relevant differences concerning the fuel consumption differences to B0 (+0.58% NEDC and +0.05%WLTP), comparing well with biodiesel behavior (−1.74% NEDC and −0.69%WLTP for B7 and +1.48% NEDC and 1.89% WLTP for B15). Considering the power of the engine obtained with the fuels, the differences are almost negligible, revealing variations smaller than 2% for B7, B15, and HVO15.

The choice of materials for the production of new reference materials of liquid viscosity certified in the interval of allowed temperature values from -40 °C to -5 °C

The article presents the results of research aimed at the selection of materials for the production of new reference materials intendedfor verification, calibration, and testing for type approval of means of measuring the viscosity of liquids, as well as certification of methods for measuring the viscosity of liquid media at temperatures below 0 °C. The developed reference materials are certified in the interval of allowed temperature values from -40 °C to -5 °C. This allows providing a wide range of modern methods for measuring the viscosity of liquids such as glass capillary viscometers, rotational viscometers, rheometers, etc.

Test algorithm to confirm the type of modern measuring devices for low absolute pressures and vacuum

The article provides information on the normative documentation applicable in the Russian Federation on the approval procedure of measuring devices, explains the procedure for carrying out tests for approval of the type of vacuum measuring devices at D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology VNIIM, summarized information about modern high-precision thermal (measuring range (1⋅10-2… 1.08⋅105) Pa, maximum permissible error of a measuring ±(10…50) %) and ionization (specified measuring range (1⋅10-7…1.3) Pa, maximum permissible error of a measuring ±(20…50) %) of vacuum gauges that have been tested for type approval since 2016. The information on the vacuum gauges contained in this article was published in the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements.