Cross-border regionalization: the geopolitical dimension

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
N.V. Kaledin ◽  
A.B. Elatskov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Political Foundations

From the standpoint of modern ideas about regionalization, cross-border regions and the activity geospatial interpretation of political geography and geopolitics as directions exploring geopolitical relations, the article considers the content of the geopolitical aspect of cross-border regionalization and emerging regions. It is revealed as a system of cross-border geopolitical relations and regions of various types, due to the diverse properties of interacting entities and the surrounding geospace. The typological differences of geopolitical features of transboundary regions are highlighted. Five types of political foundations and features for classifying geopolitical transboundary regions were identified: according to the status of political borders (international or domestic); by type of cross-border activity; on the legal status (the correlation of regionalization de jure and de facto is discussed); according to historical and geographical features; by complementarity (regions of cooperation or conflict). Four grounds for classifying regions according to their geospatial features are also highlighted: spatial scale (both in topological and metric terms); the specifics of the material environment - territorial, aquatic and others; spatial dynamics of processes; geospatial structure. A total of about forty specific types of cross-border regionalization are described.

scholarly journals Russia in the Plans and Programs of PRC Border Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
V. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
New Era ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Far Eastern

The article analyzes how the authorities of bordering Russia PRC’s regions intend to exploit Russian economic potential in order to further develop their territories. Based on the study of the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s 14th five-year plans of socio-economic development, other official documents, as well as the results of last decade Russia-China cross-border interactions, the author comes to conclusion that for the last decades these territories’ authorities did not change previously formed approaches to Russia. He identifies traditions, variations and innovations in the policies of each region and pays special attention to the cities of Suifenhe and Heihe, which are the most interested in cooperation with their northern neighbor. The author argues that relations with Russia are of fundamental importance for Heilongjiang province only, while the other two regions look at it only as an additional mechanism to solve energy and communication problems. Besides, their interest goes far beyond the border regions of Russia, the Far Eastern and even Siberian federal districts and is aimed at the entire territory of Russia. The analyzed documents contain a number of innovations like the expansion of scientific and technological, cooperation, financial and digital interaction with Russia, but they are predominantly declarative in nature. The main focus is made on expanding imports of Russian energy resources and raw materials, creating a network of processing industries in Northern part of China, increasing exports of local industrial and agricultural products and services to Russia, making cross-border transport corridors more efficient, and creating various “special areas of interaction”. Analysis shows that China’s acquisition of the status of a global power and its entry into the “new era” of socialism building only slightly corrected the views of Beijing and border territories on Russian economic potential as a source of China development.

scholarly journals Ways to resolve conflicting issues of the status of legal entities in EU law and in the legislation of some of its member states

2020 ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Olga Ovechkina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Legal Entities

entities in EU member states.Many EU Member States use two criteria for determining the personal law of a legal entity: the settlement criterion and the incorporationcriterion. However, the application of the theory of settlement in determining the personal law (statute) of a legal entity actuallyimpedes the implementation of the principle of freedom of establishment contained in the TFEU, as the relocation of control centers ofthe legal entity to the state where the theory of settlement is applied. loss of legal personality of a legal entity. This position is based onthe case law of the Court of Justice. In addition, the application of the theory of settlement and incorporation significantly complicates the process of regulating theactivities of legal entities and slows down the development of the single market in the EU.The experience of European countries in drafting an international treaty containing norms on unified legal regulation of the statusof legal entities has not proved effective. The EU has chosen other mechanisms for resolving conflicting issues of legal status of legalentities, namely: harmonization of national laws of EU member states on certain issues of legal status and activities of legal entities, aswell as the creation of new organizational and legal forms of legal entities. This partially overcomes certain issues of conflict-of-lawregulation of the status of legal entities, for example, the issue of cross-border movement of European companies, European cooperatives;in accordance with EU Directive 2019/2121, the rules of the laws of the Member States on cross-border transformation, mergersand divisions of limited liability companies should be harmonized.

scholarly journals Ways to resolve conflicting issues of the status of legal entities in EU law and in the legislation of some of its member states

2020 ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Olga Ovechkina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Legal Entities

entities in EU member states.Many EU Member States use two criteria for determining the personal law of a legal entity: the settlement criterion and the incorporationcriterion. However, the application of the theory of settlement in determining the personal law (statute) of a legal entity actuallyimpedes the implementation of the principle of freedom of establishment contained in the TFEU, as the relocation of control centers ofthe legal entity to the state where the theory of settlement is applied. loss of legal personality of a legal entity. This position is based onthe case law of the Court of Justice. In addition, the application of the theory of settlement and incorporation significantly complicates the process of regulating theactivities of legal entities and slows down the development of the single market in the EU.The experience of European countries in drafting an international treaty containing norms on unified legal regulation of the statusof legal entities has not proved effective. The EU has chosen other mechanisms for resolving conflicting issues of legal status of legalentities, namely: harmonization of national laws of EU member states on certain issues of legal status and activities of legal entities, aswell as the creation of new organizational and legal forms of legal entities. This partially overcomes certain issues of conflict-of-lawregulation of the status of legal entities, for example, the issue of cross-border movement of European companies, European cooperatives;in accordance with EU Directive 2019/2121, the rules of the laws of the Member States on cross-border transformation, mergersand divisions of limited liability companies should be harmonized.

Emerging Transnational Practices and Capabilities of Syrian Refugees in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sahin Mencütek
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Global North ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Transnational Activities

Transnational activities of refugees in the Global North have been long studied, while those of the Global South, which host the majority of displaced people, have not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Drawing from refugee studies, transnationalism and diaspora studies, the article focuses on the emerging transnational practices and capabilities of displaced Syrians in Turkey. Relying on qualitative data drawn from interviews in Şanlıurfa – a border province in south-eastern Turkey that hosts half a million Syrians - the paper demonstrates the variations in the types and intensity of Syrians’ transnational activities and capabilities. It describes the low level of individual engagement of Syrians in terms of communicating with relatives and paying short visits to the hometowns as well as the intentional disassociation of young refugees from homeland politics. At the level of Syrian grassroots organisations, there have been mixed engagement initiatives emerging out of sustained cross-border processes. Syrians with higher economic capital and secured legal status have formed some economic, political, and cultural institutional channels, focusing more on empowerment and solidarity in the receiving country than on plans for advancement in the country of origin. Institutional attempts are not mature enough and can be classified as transnational capabilities, rather than actual activities that allow for applying pressure on the host and home governments. This situation can be attributed to the lack of political and economic security in the receiving country as well as no prospects for the stability in the country of origin. The study also concerns questions about the conceptual debates on the issue of refugee diaspora. Whilst there are clear signs of diaspora formation of the Syrian refugee communities, perhaps it is still premature to term Syrians in Turkey as refugee diaspora.

Urgensi Ilmu Kedokteran Islam dengan Hukum Islam (Studi Identifikasi Deoxrybo Nucleic Acid (DNA) terhadap Sepersusuan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Li’izza Diana Manzil
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Dna Identification ◽  
Islamic Medicine ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Brothers And Sisters

One sign of the rapidly growing world of medical science is its success in making one discovery about Deoxrybo Nucleid Acid (DNA). Islam does not prohibit the practice of DNA identification because it can be used in determining the legal status of relative relationships and related marital prohibitions among families because of the similarity of DNA genes between parents and their children. In Islam marriage prohibition can also occur between brothers and sisters. DNA identification can be done between siblings as a result of the presence of gene elements in breast milk. In addition, breast milk can also develop bone and grow meat if breastfeeding at least five times suction. But the results of DNA tests conducted between siblings cannot be more accurate if done to find relationships of parents and children. From this it clearly proves that Islamic medicine has an urgent value to Islamic law. This can be seen from one of its axiology in determining the status of brotherhood.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Units

The place and role of local government within the structure of government in Africa has attracted much public interest. Prior to and after independence, African countries used local government as the administrative units of central governments without their having any legal status, to the extent that local authorities were under the strict control of central governments. The autonomy of local government is pivotal in the democratisation of a country. The United Nations, European Union and African Union have adopted treaties to promote the recognition and protection of local government in the state parties’ constitutions. Accordingly, this article explains the status of local government in Africa and its impact on strengthening democracy in African states.

Organizer of Scientific Activity as a Subject of Intellectual Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Scientific Team

The author analyzes the legal status of the organizers of artistic creation, enshrined in the Russian legislation de lege lata, and develops the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities de lege ferenda. It is proposed to consider the organizer of scientific activity as only the head of the temporary scientific team, the purpose of which is to solve a specific scientific problem. A set of elements of the legal structure is formulated, which may be fixed in a normative manner in order to ensure uniformity of legal regulation of the activities of temporary research teams. The status of the organizer of scientific activity is determined on the base of his organizational efforts to guide the creative activities of the team (a distinction is made between the creative and organizational contribution of the head of the scientific team to the overall result). Various options for modeling the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities are discussed: inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors the scientific results obtained by the team; inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors in case if he / she has a creative idea (topic) of academic search; granting the organizer related intellectual rights to the entire result obtained by the team. It is presumed that the organizer of scientific activity is the author of the idea of scientific search for solving the task set for the temporary team. It is concluded that the organizer of scientific activity (the head of the temporary scientific team) must be endowed with related intellectual rights: 1) the exclusive right to use the scientific result obtained by the team as a whole, and 2) the personal non-property right to indicate his name in any use of this result. The author substantiates the content, non-turnover and special validity period of the exclusive right of the organizer of scientific activity.

The Certainty of the Legal Status of Court Secretary and Court Clerk in Federal Courts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
E. V. Gerasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Additional Qualification ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

Employees of the federal courts' apparatus, in accordance with the current regulations, are public civil servants. In practice and in existing scientific research there is an approach to determining the legal status of this category of public servants through their duties, without specifying the specific requirements for candidates for the position to be filled. The purpose of this study is to define additional qualification requirements to be imposed on the applicant for the position of State Civil Service «Court Secretary» in court, in addition to those contained in the Federal Law «On State Civil Service of the Russian Federation» and orders of the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The tasks of this work are to study the theoretical foundations of the concept of «status of a State civil servant », to compare federal legislation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions and other acts of ministries and departments in the field of the State civil service in the apparatus of federal courts; Justification for the need to include in the status of a public servant serving in the court apparatus additional requirements for the level of education. The methodological basis of the present study was the general scientific methods such as analogy, derivation, system analysis, as well as the private scientific methods: formal-logical, technical-legal and comparativelegal in their various combinations. The study concluded that it was necessary to distinguish the status of federal court staff according to the level of education required to replace a public civil service post, in particular the «Registrar of the Court».

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