TWO UNUSUAL EXPEDITIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY RESEARCH VESSEL "DMITRY MENDELEEV" (6TH AND 18TH CRUISES)

50 years ago, in 1971, an expedition of RV “Dmitry Mendeleev” (her 6th cruise) departed to the islands of Oceania. The voyage was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the first trip to island New Guinea by Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay, a famous russian explorer, antropologyst, and ethnographers, and, simultaneously, with the 125th anniversary of his birth. Scientists 19 scientific institutions of the USSR, specializing in biological, geological and ethnographic research took part in the 6th cruise of R/V “Dmitry Mendeleev”, and the continuing expedition to the same area during her 18th cruise. Besides the ship crew and the scientific team, there were cameramen from Soviet state cinematography corporation Goskino, members of the Union of Artists of the USSR and other cultural and artistic figures were aboard the ship during both voyages. Nowadays, in 2021, in honor of the 175th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay, a new exhibition named "Oceania distant and close" was opened in the Museum of the World Ocean in city of Kaliningrad. Among other artifacts, it includes photographs from the 18th cruise of the R/V “Dmitry Mendeleev” and paintings dedicated to Miklukho-Maclay's expeditions.

The Treasure Map of the citizen childhood

We are cartographers, trained and dedicated to our respective institutions around the world. Our cartographic works are gradually being developed, combining our multiple professional scientific and artistic skills, in the service of citizen information through the production of our maps. The performance of our works, submitted to the confidentiality of informations and data bases we process, remains invisible to public. In our complex job, confidentiality is a rule we first respect. We don’t usually explain our sophisticated manufacturing processes. Only our final result counts: THE MAP, completed, faithful to its project, editable, interpretable and memorizable at a first glance of its users.Among the Ecomuseum scientific team that was created in Battir, Palestine, after 2003, there was no cartographer. The team of young Palestinian professionals in architecture and civil engineering, just graduated, was armed with the rigour of their newly acquired knowledge, armed with their human freedom and citizen convictions. Isolated from everything they produced their collections of topographic maps from their own local survey.After the recall of its exceptional frame, this presentation aims to demonstrate how, through mapping-workshops open to everyone at the Public Library of their village, the children of Battir created their “Treasure Map” from their local proprietary geospatialized data they extend to neighbouring villages.

Outstanding Discoveries of Mongolian Historians and Archaeologists: Excavations of the Sar’dag Monastery

Mongolia is rich in a unique cultural heritage presented by a variety of discovered artifacts that continue to amaze now. Among them, it is quite deservedly possible to include the findings discovered by a complex group of researchers on the ruins of the Sar’dag monastery, which was one of the earliest and largest Mongolian monastic complexes, the de factor center of the religious and political life of the Mongols. The review provides an overview of the works included in the collective monograph “The Sar’dag monastery of Undur-gegen Zanabazar: the Centre of artistic creativity”, published under the editorship of Sampildondovyn Chuluun, the Academician of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. This work is the result of six years of archaeological excavations conducted by a large scientific team in 2013–2018. The results obtained made it possible to restore the structure of the monastery complex, opened new, previously unknown pages of the activity of Undur-gegen Zanabazar. The artifacts found indicate the existence of wide external relations of the Mongols of that period with foreign countries. Articles on the preservation, restoration and digital documentation of found artifacts are of great scientific interest and relevance. In general, the results of the conducted works provide a new rich source material for a more in-depth study of the history of Mongolia of the period under consideration.

Deformation and Strength Characteristics for the Calculation of Structures Based on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composites

Currently, there is a steady increase in the production of reinforced concrete structures in factory and construction site conditions for various types of modern buildings with higher operational requirements for them. These structures are pre-calculated according to complex design schemes of loading which also leads to increased requirements for the materials used. One of the ways to solve a number of these problems is the use of fiber-reinforced concretes, but for this it is necessary to experimentally identify the deformation and strength characteristics of dispersed reinforced concretes and take it into account when calculating structures. A scientific team of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies of the Ural Federal University is engaged in solving of this research task, which will expand a number of construction opportunities while maintaining economic feasibility in the future.

The high sensitivity accelerometer ISA during the BepiColombo spacecraft Earth flyby: data analysis, lessons learned, and expected signals for the next

<p>ISA (Italian Spring Accelerometer) is a high sensitivity, relative, mass-spring accelerometer. It flies as scientific payload on-board  the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), module of BepiColombo ESA mission to Mercury. The accelerometer is sensitive to any acceleration, greater than 2*10<sup>-8</sup> ms<sup>-2</sup>Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>, that changes  the spacecraft motion from a pure free fall: the, so called, Non Gravitational Perturbations (NGP). ISA data will be added, at Mercury, to the orbit determination estimation in order to help reconstructing the orbit and to make the MPO an a-posteriori free-fall satellite.</p> <p>After the first commissioning phase, performed in between November 2018 - August 2019, and that allowed to verify the functionality of the instrument itself, the first direct verification of the correct behaviour of the system was carried out during the BepiColombo Earth Flyby. Indeed,  the spacecraft crossed the planet Earth shadow during the flyby and the direct Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP), the main contribution of NGP accelerations, dropped suddenly, marking a clear leap (gap)  in the gathered data. The scientific team compared, on the base of the satellite surface exposition and radiative characteristics, the observed “drop” in the acceleration, once removed  the on-board disturbances and inertial accelerations due to spacecraft rotations. In the talk, other ISA data recorded during the Earth Flyby are reported and expected signals for the upcoming Venus#2 Flyby and Mercury #1 Flyby are presented.  </p>

Distributed Cognition and the Experience of Presence in the Mars Exploration Rover Mission

Although research on presence in virtual environments has increased in the last few decades due to the rise of immersive technologies, it has not examined how it is achieved in distributed cognitive systems. To this end, we examine the sense of presence on the Martian landscape experienced by scientific team members in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission (2004–2018). How this was achieved is not obvious because the sensorimotor coupling that typically underlies presence in mundane situations was absent. Nonetheless, we argue that the Three-Level model can provide a framework for exploring how presence was achieved. This account distinguishes between proto-presence, core-presence, and extended-presence, each level dependent on being able to respond effectively to affordances at a particular level of abstraction, operating at different timescales. We maintain that scientists' sense of presence on Mars involved core-presence and extended-presence rather than proto-presence. Extended-presence involved successfully establishing distal intentions (D-intentions) during strategic planning, i.e., long term conceptual goals. Core-presence involved successfully enacting proximal intentions (P-intentions) during tactical planning by carrying out specific actions on a particular target, abstracting away from sensorimotor details. This was made possible by team members “becoming the rover,” which enhanced their ability to identify relevant affordances revealed through images. We argue, however, that because Mars exploration is a collective activity involving shared agency by a distributed cognitive system, the experience of presence was a collective presence of the team through the rover.

Classification of innovative wheelchair constructions with the option of transport via stairs

Modern transport systems are developed following universal design, considering the requirements of people with disabilities. Despite the detailed legal regulations in construction and industry, there are still many barriers, e.g., architectural barriers, making it challenging to move around in wheelchairs. Designs of wheelchairs with special capabilities provide a chance to overcome these barriers. The article aimed to present various methods of climbing stairs by wheelchairs with special abilities. The review of works was related to the research work of the scientific team from the Faculty of Transport of the Warsaw University of Technology. Against the background of other works, the author's own design solution was presented.

Digital technologies in the preservation and popularization of the culture of Ukrainians of the Altai Territory

The article presents a description of the work done by the scientific team of the Altai State Pedagogical University to create an open-access information resource “Ukrainians of the Altai Territory: History, Culture, Modernity” together with AKOO “Ukrainian Earthlings in Altai”. The site is an Internet resource of an encyclopedic nature, including published, field, archival, museum materials on the history and culture of the Ukrainian population of the Altai Territory of the late XIX — early XXI centuries. The use of digital technologies in the field of conservation, study and popularization of Ukrainian culture in the region will attract interest in Ukrainian culture of representatives of Ukrainian youth, teachers, schoolchildren, students and researchers in the process of learning, in research and scientific work, representatives of NGOs — in organizing activ- ities to study, preserve and broadcast ethnic culture.

The Gene Scissors

We are currently in the middle of a revolution in the biological sciences. The genome project made it possible to read the sequence of individual genomes, but what was lacking until recently was a way to rewrite particular genes in a living cell in an accurate, rapid, and economical fashion. This is now possible thanks to the invention of molecular ‘scissors’, based on natural mechanisms in the cell, that make it possible to cut the genome at a particular point, after which the cell’s own natural repair mechanisms edit the gene as directed. The most revolutionary of the molecular scissors is one called CRISPR/Cas. This is based on a process discovered in bacteria that normally acts to destroy viruses that invade the bacterium. Reprogrammed, CRISPR/Cas now makes it possible to accurately edit the genome of any living cell of practically any species, for a fraction of the time and cost required by other genome editing approaches. Not only can this approach be used to edit the sequence of genomes but also to switch genes on or off at will. CRISPR/Cas is revolutionising medical research and looks set to do the same for clinical medicine and agriculture. But it is also the source of much controversy as recently a scientific team in China used this approach to create genome edited babies, and in general some people fear the speed at which this new technology is developing and its potential for misuse. These are all issues that are explored in subsequent chapters of this book.

Epidemiologia de lesões em jovens atletas de futebol das categorias sub-17 e 20 de um clube profissional de futebol do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar aspectos epidemiológicos das lesões em jovens atletas das categorias sub-17 e 20 de futebol. Estudo epidemiológico com acesso ao banco de dados de um clube de futebol, categorias sub-17 e sub-20, quanto às lesões em 2016, dados: posição do atleta, tipos de lesões, locais das lesões, quantidade de lesões, dia de afastamento, meses de afastamento, dia de retorno, meses de retorno, lado e classificação das lesões, dados coletados pela equipe científica, usando a ficha de anotação de lesões da FIFA. Os dados foram analisados na linguagem de programação Python 2.7, na interface gráfica Spyder 3.3.1, com o uso do programa gráfico Anaconda. Houve maior ocorrência para o grau moderado e maior incidência de lesões na quarta-feira e sexta-feira para o dia da liberação. As maiores incidências de lesões foram nos meses de maio e outubro e de liberação março e outubro. A principal lesão foi entorse de tornozelo seguida pela mialgia de adutores. Há destaque para lesão de coxa para defensores e atacantes. A maioria das lesões para todas as posições foram unilaterais. O lado direito do corpo teve maior quantidade de lesões no pé e, em seguida, na coxa, exatamente o oposto do lado esquerdo, onde a maior quantidade de lesões foi antebraço e depois no pé. Com os resultados do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os jovens atletas das categorias sub-17 e sub-20 tendem a ter lesões moderadas, com incidência principal no tornozelo e mialgias na coxa. Abstract. The purpose of the study was to estimate epidemiological aspects of injuries in young athletes in the under 17 and 20 soccer categories. Epidemiological study with access to the database of a football club, categories U-17 and U-20 regarding injuries in 2016, data: athlete’s position, types of injuries, injury locations, number of injuries, day off, months of leave, return day, return months, side of the weights and classification of injuries, data collected by the scientific team, using the FIFA injury record sheet. The data were analyzed in the Python 2.7 programming language, in the Spyder 3.3.1 graphical interface, using the Anaconda graphics program. There was a higher occurrence for the moderate degree and a higher incidence of injuries on Wednesday and Friday for the day of release. The highest incidence of injuries were in the months of May and October and release in March and October. The main injury was ankle sprain followed by adductor myalgia. Thigh injury is highlighted for defenders and attackers. Most injuries for all positions were unilateral. The right side of the body had the greatest number of injuries to the foot and then to the thigh, exactly the opposite of the left side where the greatest amount of injuries was to the forearm and then to the foot. With the results of the present study, it can be concluded that young athletes in the U-17 and U-20 categories tend to have moderate injuries, with a major incidence in the ankle and myalgia in the thigh.