scholarly journals The power industry of the Kaliningrad region: an analysis of the current state, future development, and cooperation with the energy systems of the Baltic Region states

Baltic Region ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
V. Belei
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic

Associations of Sphagnum rubellum Wils. on the bogs of the south-east part of Baltic region

2003 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Smagin ◽  
M. G. Napreenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Typical Habitat ◽  
New Syntaxa

The paper characterizes the 3 associations comprising plant communities with Sphagnum rubellum in the south-eastern part of the Baltic region. The new syntaxa differ from each other both in their floristic characters and the pronounced affinity to definite regional mire types and particular habitats. The ass. Drosero-Sphagnetum rubelli is typical of the relatively most thorough ranges. It is observed from the Kaliningrad region to the Karelian Isthmus and, according to the published reference, occurs even throughout the whole area around the Baltic Sea. Its most typical habitat is that of margins of mire lakes and pools. The ass. Eriophoro-Sphagnetum rubelli occurs in central plateaus of convex plateau-like bogs, typical of the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea coast. It occupies extended flat mire ecotopes with the water level 0.2–0.25 m deep. The ass. Empetro-Sphagnetum rubelli is characteristic of the retrogressive complex in the convex bogs of the East-Baltic Province. It is mostly observed along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its stands are rather dynamic and unstable in both space and time. The presence of communities comprised by these 3 associations is an important vegetation character of the series of regional mire types. Assuming an association level of the respective syntaxa seems rational for the purposes of adequate reflection of plant cover diversity.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological storms on ionospheric parameters in the Baltic region in 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Иван Карпов ◽  
Ivan Karpov ◽  
Ольга Борчевкина ◽  
Olga Borchevkina ◽  
Руслан Дадашев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Critical Frequency ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Meteorological Effect ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic

The paper presents observations of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters during strong meteorological disturbances (storms) in the Kaliningrad region. The critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC) were observed at the station Kaliningrad (20 °E, 54.20 °N). Atmospheric pressure and wind were taken to be the atmospheric parameters under study. The analysis of ionospheric observations has shown that during meteorological storms the amplitude of diurnal variations in TEC decreases to 50 %; and in foF2, to 15 % as compared to quiet days. The revealed changes in ionospheric conditions during meteorological storms are regularly registered and represent a characteristic feature of the meteorological effect on the ionosphere.

scholarly journals The development of poli­tical geography and geopolitics as an academic and research discipline in the Baltic re­gion: the historical contribution of Saint Petersburg University

Baltic Region ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-152
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Kaledin ◽  
Anatoly I. Chistobayev ◽  
Vladimir N. Kaledin ◽  
Aleksey B. Elatskov
Keyword(s):  
Political Geography ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Research Discipline ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Historical Contribution

In this article, we address the little-researched and complicated problems of the genesis, periodisation, and development of political geography and geopolitics as academic and re­search disciplines across the Baltic region in general and the contribution of Saint Peters­burg University in particular. The terms ‘political geography,’ ‘geopolitics’ and the corre­sponding academic disciplines, as well as the first concepts of political geography and geo­politics, emerged in the Baltic. The Russian and German schools of thought made a valuable contribution to these fields of research. Using the historical, structural-genetic, and activity-geospace approaches, we identify and analyse the major historical, research, and academic paradigms in the development of political geography. In doing so, we consider the case of Saint Petersburg University. These paradigms (state-descriptive, anthropogeographical, state-geopolitical, and activity-societal) differ in their methodological frameworks and the­matic priorities. We demonstrate that the term ‘political geography’ and the science it de­notes are of Russian origin, having been developed by German scientists during their aca­demic service for Russia. Further, we analyse the contribution of German and Russian re­searches to the development of the Saint Petersburg school of political geographic and geo­political thought and describe its current state.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in the eastern Baltic region

Biologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalius Butkauskas ◽  
Kristina Chaika ◽  
Saulius Švažas ◽  
Gennady Grishanov ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Continental Part ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Great Cormorants ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

A rapid expansion of the continental subspecies of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) has been recorded in Europe since the 1980s. Evaluation of genetic variability of the  Great Cormorant using molecular markers is necessary for investigation of the mechanisms of formation of the newly established breeding populations in the  eastern Baltic region (in the Kaliningrad region of Russia and in Lithuania). The  samples for molecular investigation were collected in the largest breeding colonies of Great Cormorants located on the coast of the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea and in their smaller, later formed breeding colonies located in the continental part of Lithuania. After sequencing and alignment of partial fragments of mtDNA control region, 21 different haplotypes, including 8 new haplotypes never identified before, and 13 haplotypes described earlier were found. They were distributed with different frequency in different sampling sites. The haplotype network constructed using 342 bp D-loop sequences identified during the  current study and all available sequences of Great Cormorants deposited in GenBank by previous investigators revealed haplotypes attributed to subspecies P. c. sinensis being distinguished from haplotypes of subspecies P. c. carbo in the separate part of haplotype network. The newly described haplotypes did not form a phylogenetically uniform group indicating possible colonization of the Kaliningrad region and the continental part of Lithuania by individuals descending from the  largest breeding colonies spread at the  coast zone of the  Baltic Sea. A  high level of genetic population diversity in different breeding colonies recorded in the Kaliningrad region and in eastern Lithuania confirms the formation of a highly variable and well-adapted population of the Great Cormorant participating in the process of colonization of new breeding areas in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals Possible Directions of NATO Military Operations Against the Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation (Based on Materials from Open Publications)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yury Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Military Exercise

The article is devoted to the possible directions of NATO military operations against the Kaliningrad region as an anti-access and area  denial zone (A2/AD), which interferes with the plans of the North Atlantic Alliance in the Baltic region (based on materials from open publications of winter-spring 2021). Shows the danger and unrealizability of these intentions (including on the basis of the results of the Polish military exercise Zima-20).

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardising Artificial Lighting

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thorns
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper discusses the organisations involved in the development of application standards, European regulations and best practice guides, their scope of work and internal structures. It considers their respective visions for the requirements for future standardisation work and considers in more detail those areas where these overlap, namely human centric or integrative lighting, connectivity and the Internet of Things, inclusivity and sustainability.

Remedies for Breach of Contract: The Future Development of Scots Law in its European and International Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector L MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
International Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Law Commission

This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the future development of the law in this area, first by considering its history and current state in comparative terms and drawing the conclusion that it is characterised by a mixture of Civilian and Common Law elements; second, by comparing Scots law with the provisions on breach contained in recently published proposals for a harmonised law of contract (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by the Lando Commission, and the draft “code”for the United Kingdom prepared on behalf of the English Law Commission by Harvey McGregor in the late 1960s) and in international conventions on the sale of goods. Although Scots law emerges reasonably wellfrom this exercise, there are a number of points to be taken on board in any future reform, as well as some insights into important underlying principles.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BALTIC SEA COASTAL ZONE ABOVE-WATER PART TOPOGRAPHY DYNAMICS BY MEANS OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER (SVETLOGORSK CITY, KALININGRAD REGION)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Lugovoy ◽  
Nikolay Lugovoy ◽  
Askar Ilyasov ◽  
Askar Ilyasov ◽  
Elena Pronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Dynamics ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic

The paper describes application of the terrestrial laser scanner for investigation of coastal dynamics of the Svetlogorskaya Bay, Baltic Sea. Methods of investigation and results of surveys repeated over the two consecutive years for quantification of coastal erosion and slope processes within the coastal zone are presented.

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