Analysis of the Prevalence of Taurodont Deciduous Molars in Children

Taurodontism is an anomaly characterized by a long and broad pulpal cavity and consumed apical location of the furcation area. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of taurodontism in deciduous molars based on digital panoramic radiographs of children. The study was performed on a sample of panoramic radiographs taken from 2,473 Korean children who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital between Nov. 2005 and Mar. 2018. Taurodontism was mainly categorized by Daito’s method. Using panoramic radiographs, taurodontism was also categorized into mesotaurodontism, hypotaurodontism, and hypertaurodontism. Mesotaurodontism was the most prevalent type. A total of 2,473 panoramic radiographs were evaluated. The prevalence of taurodontism was 5.7% in general, 51.5% in the left quadrant, 48.5% in the right quadrant, 6.3% in the maxilla, and 93.7% in the mandible. The distribution of taurodontism stratified by gender showed a higher prevalence in males. This is a comprehensive study on the prevalence of taurodontism in children using the largest sample size to date.

Download Full-text

Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection with Obstruction of the Right Coronary Artery

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf98.2013246 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Erhan Kaya ◽

Halit Yerebakan ◽

Daniel Spielman ◽

Omer Isik ◽

Cevat Yakut

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Right Coronary Artery ◽

Type A ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Acute Type ◽

Type A Aortic Dissection ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Bentall Procedure ◽

The Right

Occlusion of a coronary artery by an acute type A aortic dissection presents a life-threatening emergency that is rarely seen and easy to misdiagnose. We present the case of a 75-year-old male who experienced sudden onset of severe left-sided chest pain due to an acute type A aortic dissection that obstructed the right coronary artery. Following an initial misdiagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, imaging revealed the presence of an aortic dissection. An emergency modified Bentall procedure was performed, in which the damaged aorta and aortic valve were replaced.

Download Full-text

Accountability in Global Governance

10.1093/oso/9780198861249.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gisela Hirschmann

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Global Governance ◽

International Organizations ◽

Third Parties ◽

Human Rights Violations ◽

The European Union ◽

Economic Rights ◽

The Right ◽

Austerity Policy ◽

Comprehensive Study

How can international organizations (IOs) like the United Nations (UN) and their implementing partners be held accountable if their actions and policies violate fundamental human rights? Political scientists and legal scholars have shed a much-needed light on the limits of traditional accountability when it comes to complex global governance. However, conventional studies on IO accountability fail to systematically analyze a related, puzzling empirical trend: human rights violations that occur in the context of global governance do not go unnoticed altogether; they are investigated and sanctioned by independent third parties. This book puts forward the concept of pluralist accountability, whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations. We can expect pluralist accountability to evolve if a competitive environment stimulates third parties to enact accountability and if the implementing actors are vulnerable to human rights demands. Based on a comprehensive study of UN-mandated operations in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Kosovo, the European Union Troika’s austerity policy, and global public–private health partnerships in India, this book demonstrates how competition and human rights vulnerability shape the evolution of pluralist accountability in response to diverse human rights violations, such as human trafficking, the violation of the rights of detainees, economic rights, and the right to consent in clinical trials. While highlighting the importance of studying alternative accountability mechanisms, this book also argues that pluralist accountability should not be regarded as a panacea for IOs’ legitimacy problems, as it is often less legalized and might cause multiple accountability disorder.

Download Full-text

Endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula type A with platinium coils

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0812923c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 923-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Slobodan Culafic ◽

Robert Juszkat ◽

Sinisa Rusovic ◽

Dara Stefanovic ◽

Ljubodrag Minic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type A ◽

Endovascular Embolization ◽

High Flow ◽

Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽

Cavernous Fistula ◽

Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

The Right ◽

Carotid Cavernous Fistulas ◽

Platinum Coils

Background. Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between carotid arteries or their branches and the cavernous system caused mostly by trauma. Posttraumatic fistulas represent 70% of all carotid-cavernous fistulas and they are mostly high-flow shunts (type A). This type gives characteristic eye symptoms. Case report. This paper presents a 44-year old male patient with carotidcavernous fistula as a result of penetrating head injury. In clinical presentation the patient had exophthalmos, conjunctival chemosis and weakening of vision on the right eye, headache and diplopia. Digital subtracted angiography showed high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula, which was vascularised from the left carotid artery and from vertebrobasilar artery. Endovascular embolization with platinum coils was performed through the transarterial route (endoarterial approach). Check angiogram confirmed that the fistula was closed and that no new communications developed. Conclusion. Embolization of complex carotidcavernous fistula type A was successfully performed with platinum coils by endovascular approach.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive study of software testing: Categories, levels, techniques, and types

10.36227/techrxiv.12578714.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mubarak Albarka Umar

Keyword(s):

Software Testing ◽

Software Quality ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Development Lifecycle ◽

Software Development Lifecycle ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Testing Techniques ◽

Combination Of Methods ◽

The Right ◽

Comprehensive Study

<p><i>Software Testing is the process of evaluating a software program to ensure that it performs its intended purpose. Software testing verifies the safety, reliability, and correct working of software. The growing need for quality software makes software testing a crucial stage in Software Development Lifecycle. There are many methods of testing software, however, the choice of method to test a given software remains a major problem in software testing. Although, it is often impossible to find all errors in software, employing the right combination of methods will make software testing efficient and successful. Knowing these software testing methods is the key to making the right selection. This paper presents a comprehensive study of software testing methods. An explanation of Testing Categories was presented first, followed by Testing Levels (and their comparison), then Testing Techniques (and their comparison). For each Testing Levels and Testing Techniques, examples of some testing types and their pros and cons were given with a brief explanation of some of the important testing types. Furthermore, a clear and distinguishable explanation of two confused and contradictory terms (Verification and Validation) and how they relate to Software Quality was provided.</i></p>

Download Full-text

Occurrence of the Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Riyadh Population

Radiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2021/6097795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Lingam Amara Swapna ◽

Nada Tarek AlMegbil ◽

Alhanouf Othman Almutlaq ◽

Pradeep Koppolu

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Elongated Styloid Process ◽

Digital Radiographs ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Orofacial Region ◽

Measuring Tool

Background. Patients with an elongated styloid process might present with dysphagia and pain in the cervicofacial region. These patients could be misdiagnosed as other orofacial pathologies. Aim. The present study attempted to assess the prevalence of the elongated styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs in the Riyadh population. Materials and Methods. The present prospective randomized study was conducted on the panoramic digital radiographs of 300 randomly selected patients visiting a private dental hospital to identify any elongation of the styloid process. Only the radiographs without any magnification errors were considered. The styloid process length was measured using the Sidexis measuring tool and entered in an Excel spreadsheet with other demographic data. A length beyond 30 mm was considered styloid process elongation. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The symptoms of styloid process elongation were higher among females (78.6%), and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.182; P = 0.007 ). No statistically significant association was observed between styloid process elongation and symptoms between different age groups. Females exhibited a significant longer mean length of the styloid process than males. The present study exhibited a 27.3% prevalence for the elongation and calcification of the styloid process. Conclusion. Given the significant prevalence of the elongated styloid process in our study, we recommend it to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis for pain or discomfort in the orofacial region.

Download Full-text

Symplectic Keys and Demazure Atoms in Type C

The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics ◽

10.37236/9235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

João Miguel Santos

Keyword(s):

Type A ◽

Bruhat Order ◽

Young Tableaux ◽

Hyperoctahedral Group ◽

Similar Role ◽

Type C ◽

Left And Right ◽

Demazure Atoms ◽

The Right

We compute, mimicking the Lascoux-Schützenberger type A combinatorial procedure, left and right keys for a Kashiwara-Nakashima tableau in type C. These symplectic keys have a similar role as the keys for semistandard Young tableaux. More precisely, our symplectic keys give a tableau criterion for the Bruhat order on the hyperoctahedral group and cosets, and describe Demazure atoms and characters in type C. The right and the left symplectic keys are related through the Lusztig involution. A type C Schützenberger evacuation is defined to realize that involution.

Download Full-text

Retrospective Study of Infants who Visited Pediatric Dentistry

THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY ◽

10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.2.157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 157-166

Author(s):

Yearang Oh ◽

Koeun Lee ◽

Misun Kim ◽

Okhyung Nam ◽

Sungchul Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Dental Visit ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Dental Visits ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Oral Symptoms ◽

Gingival Neoplasm

The first dental visit is recommended at the time of the eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age. However, even before the age of 1, children can visit the dental hospital for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons for the dental visit of infant. From January 2006 to December 2015, medical records of infants who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Kyung Hee University were analyzed. The total number of patients was 419 (238 males and 181 females). The reasons for the dental visits were trauma (47.5%), natal/neonatal tooth (19.8%), dental caries (8.1%), teething problem (4.3%), abnormal frenum (3.6%), soft tissue swelling (3.6%), Bohn’s nodule (3.3%), cleft lip and palate (2.9%), gingival neoplasm (1.9%), tongue ulceration (1.7%), oral examination (1.4%), enamel hypoplasia (1.2%) and abnormal temporomandibular joint sound (0.7%). According to this study, there were various oral diseases that could occur in infants. Since infants are usually cared by caregivers, pediatricians, and obstetricians, education of oral diseases of infants is needed to manage the oral symptoms properly.

Download Full-text

Calcified Triticeous Cartilage Detected on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in a Sample of Lebanese Population

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science ◽

10.4103/jcis.jcis_11_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Georges Aoun ◽

Ibrahim Nasseh

Keyword(s):

Neck Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Carotid Artery Calcification ◽

Lebanese Population ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Statistical Connection ◽

The Right ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Objective: Triticeous cartilage is a small ovoid structure belonging to the laryngeal skeleton. When calcified, it becomes visible on panoramic radiographs and be mistaken for a carotid artery calcification (CAC) associated with cerebrovascular accidents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of calcified triticeous cartilage (CTC) detected by means of digital panoramic radiographs in a sample of Lebanese population. Materials and Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 500 Lebanese adult patients (281 females and 219 males) with a mean age of 47.9 years were included in this study and examined for CTC. The IBM® SPSS® for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to carry out statistical analysis of the data collected. Results: Nearly 10.6% (53 out of 500) of the radiographs examined presented CTC. Of all the calcifications, 11 were on the right side, 5 on the left side, and 37 were bilateral. The cases detected belonged to 31 females and 22 males with an average age of 55.6 years (ranging from 24 to 85 years). Chi-square test did not show any statistical connection between gender and CTC, while Spearman's correlation analysis showed low positive correlation with age (r = 0.146). Conclusion: CTC can be detected on panoramic radiographs taken in daily dental practice; its identification is essential to avoid misdiagnosis with other calcifications in the neck region closely related to life-threatening risks such as CAC.

Download Full-text

Defining Subphenotypes for Tooth Agenesis: Does Side Matter?

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.34.2.955j6875745h6607 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcelo de Castro Costa ◽

Erika Calvano Küchler ◽

Paulo Ferreira Garcia Filho ◽

Adriana Modesto ◽

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

Large Cohort ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Tooth Agenesis ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Mandibular Arch ◽

Specific Hypothesis ◽

Study Population ◽

The Right

Objectives: The etiology of tooth agenesis is still poorly understood. The identification of sub-populations with specific types of hypodontia (subphenotypes) would allow testing the specific hypothesis that certain genetic factors contribute to the specific subphenotype. The aim of this work was assessing a large cohort to verify if preferential tooth agenesis subphenotypes could be identified. Method: Panoramic radiographs of 1052 cases were examined and 1034 were used in this study. The presence of tooth agenesis was assessed in the study population. Results: The frequency of tooth agenesis in the studied population was 3.77%. While bilateral cases did not differ in the frequency of agenesis by arch (p = 0.8), unilateral cases presented more commonly agenesis on the mandibular arch (p = 0.03). This result was clearly driven by the frequency of second premolar agenesis, which was the most common absent tooth in the studied population. Unilateral lower second premolar agenesis was found more often than bilateral agenesis (p = 0.047). Conclusions:Our findings that unilateral lower second premolar agenesis is more common than bilateral agenesis, with a trend for unilateral agenesis being more common on the right side may suggest specific genetic factors may be differentially expressed depending on the side.

Download Full-text

Aorto-Cutaneous Fistula and False Aneurysm of the Ascending Aorta Five Years after its Prosthetic Replacement for Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection

Aorta ◽

10.12945/j.aorta.2017.16.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Pierre Demondion ◽

Dorian Verscheure ◽

Pascal Leprince

Keyword(s):

Aortic Dissection ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Acute Aortic Dissection ◽

False Aneurysm ◽

Type A ◽

Aneurysm Rupture ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Cutaneous Fistula ◽

The Right ◽

Selective Cannulation

AbstractAorto-cutaneous fistula and false aneurysm of the ascending aorta in patients who previously underwent Stanford Type A acute aortic dissection are rare and severe complications. Surgical correction remains a demanding challenge. In a case of false aneurysm rupture during redo sternotomy, selective cannulation of the right axillary and left carotid arteries allowed an efficient method of cerebral perfusion.

Download Full-text