scholarly journals Harvest residues ash as a pozzolanic additive for engineering applications: A review and the catalogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Slobodan Šupić ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Cementitious Systems

Biomass ashes originating from wood and harvest residues combustion may be considered as one of the prospective environmentally friendly candidates for supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) production. In the region of Vojvodina province, biomass waste is becoming increasingly important as ''green'' fuel, thus allowing the reduction of the environmental impact of waste disposal, lowering the expensive fossil fuels application and its subsequent greenhouse gasses emission. In the light of the above, the present paper surveys the experimental studies of harvest residues ash (HRA) as a pozzolanic additive for engineering applications. Thus far conducted research on the HRA possible application in cementitious systems, worldwide and in the studied region, has been summarized and the benefits of such approaches outlined. Finally, locally available types of wheat straw, soya straw, sunflower husk, silo waste, oil rapeseed - based ashes were collected, characterized both physically and chemically, evaluated and presented through catalogue. The reactivity results, depending on the amorphous silica content and the achieved level of fineness, are very promising in terms of the potential reuse of these ashes in cementing systems.

Pulse Velocity Measurements in Fly Ash Blended Cementitious Systems Containing 43 Grade Cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Sounthararajan ◽  
A. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Cementitious Systems

Investigations on the different supplementary cementitious materials based on the hardening properties and the optimized dosage in cementitious systems find the right choice of pozzolanic material. It is essential to combine various additive/admixtures in concrete in proper proportions to maximize the benefits resulting in cost savings in construction. In the recent years, production technology and composition of hydraulic cements affect the setting and early age behavior of cementitious material. The addition of fly ash in cement is one viable technology to derive maximum benefits in terms of the economy and improved pozzolanic reaction. Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing is a feasible method for evaluating the hardening properties of cementitious materials. In this study, an attempt was made to derive the engineering basis for understanding the development of hardness during hydration of fly ash (FA) based cementitious systems. The tests conducted using pulse velocity technique proved to be an effective method for characterizing the early strength gain properties of different cementitious systems.

scholarly journals Fresh/Mechanical/Durability Properties and Structural Performance of Enginnered Cementitious Composite (ECC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulin Bipinchandra Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Stud Shear Connector

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is an ultra ductile concrete with strain-hardening and multiple-cracking behaviour in tension and flexure. Fresh, mechanical and durability properties of different ECC mixtures are evaluated by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (class F, CI fly ash and slag) and different aggregate type. Experimental studies demonstrated viability of producing greener, sustainable and cost-effective ECC using locally available aggregates (crushed sand) instead of microsilica sand and fly ash (Class CI or F) of up to 70% cement replacement having similar or better fresh, mechanical and durability properties. Structural validation by small scale tests on bridge decks with ECC link slab and by push out tests to evaluate stud shear connector-ECC interaction compared with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) proved feasibility and advantages of these ECC mixes. Based on research, recommendations are made for ECC mix design and their application in link slab construction in bridge structures.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on Rheological and Durability Properties of Self Compacting Concrete by Using Quatenary Blending

10.29007/81v5 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashika Shah ◽  
Indrajit Patel ◽  
Jagruti Shah ◽  
Gaurav Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Primary Contribution ◽  
Furnace Slag

In the production of Self Compacting concrete (SCC), the use of quaternary blend of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM’s) has not found enough applications. For this purpose, an effort has been done to present a mix design for M60 grade and M80 grade SCC with quaternary blending of fly ash(FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF) in accordance with EFNARC guidelines. Findings: In this study, cement has been replaced with SCM’s from 30% to 50%. Fresh properties of concrete were tested for slump flow, T50 test and U box. The hardened properties of concrete were tested for compressive strength and durability. The tests were performed for 7, 28, 56 and 91 days. The results indicate that the use of quaternary blend has improved the workability, compressive strength and durability properties of specimens than the control specimen. Application: The primary contribution is to fill the congestedreinforcement and increase the durability and life span of the structure.

scholarly journals Use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in reinforced concrete systems – Benefits and limitations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna G. Pillai ◽  
Ravindra Gettu ◽  
Manu Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Carbonation Resistance ◽  
Chloride Attack ◽  
Cementitious Systems

About a decade of research carried out at IIT Madras on cementitious systems has shown that the partial replacement of portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) has benefits as well as limitations. The SCMs do not adversely affect the long-term compressive strength and drying shrinkage of concretes, though there may be some compromise in workability and the resistance against plastic shrinkage cracking. Through the assessment of the chloride ingress rate in concrete and chloride threshold of steel, it is evident that the use of SCMs could significantly enhance the service life under chloride attack, though there is a reduction of the carbonation resistance. More importantly, SCMs can lead to significant reduction of the carbon footprint of concrete, and hence, are essential to achieve sustainability.

scholarly journals Reactivity and Pozzolanic Properties of Biomass Ashes Generated by Wheat and Soybean Straw Combustion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Slobodan Šupić ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin ◽  
Vesna Bulatović ◽  
Tiana Milović
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Straw Ash ◽  
Biomass Ashes

A sustainable use of locally available wastes from agriculture as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is an alternative solution for the prevention of excessive raw material usage, reduction of CO2 emission and cost-effective concrete production. This paper studies the reactivity of non-traditional waste SCMs: Wheat straw ash (WSA), mixture of wheat and soybean straw ash (WSSA) and soybean straw ash (SSA), which are abundant as agricultural by-products in Serbia. The chemical evaluation using XRF technique, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), XRD and FTIR methods were performed along with physical properties tests to investigate the feasibility of utilizing biomass ashes as cement substitutes. The obtained results demonstrate a high pozzolanic activity of WSA, which is attributed to a high reactive silica content of the ash and its satisfactory level of fineness. A wider hump in XRD pattern of WSA compared to WSSA and SSA confirmed that it abounds in amorphous (reactive) phase. The insufficient activity index of soybean-based biomass ashes, characterized with a low silica content, was improved by additional grinding and/or blending with amorphous silica-rich material. This points out the mechanical activation, i.e., grinding procedure, and chemical activation, i.e., modification of the chemical composition, as techniques efficient at producing pozzolanic materials from biomass wastes. Tested biomass ashes are characterized with negligible leaching values of heavy metals, thereby satisfying eco-friendly principles of SCM utilization. The application of biomass ashes as SCMs leads to substantial cost savings, as well as benefits to the environment, such as lower consumption of cement, reduction of CO2 emissions during the production of cement and sustainable waste management.

Experimental evaluation of bond behavior in controlled, binary and quaternary concretes developed using SCMs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niragi Dave ◽  
Ramesh Guduru ◽  
Anil Kumar Misra ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bond Behavior ◽  
Strength Concrete

Purpose The consumption of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) has increased enormously in the construction industry. These SCMs are often waste materials or industrial by-products. This study aims to investigate the bond strength using reinforcing bars in Normal Strength Concrete (M20 grade) and High Strength Concrete (M40 grade), developed using SCMs and data was compared with concrete prepared with ordinary portland cement (OPC). The findings of the study will help in reducing the dependency on OPC and promote the utilization of waste materials in Construction. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the bond behavior between the steel bars and the concrete was investigated in controlled, binary and quaternary concretes of M20 and M40 grades. Following the conventional procedures, samples were prepared and mechanical tests conducted (as per IS:2770–1 code for M20 and M40 grade concrete structures), which showed an improvement in the bond strength depending on the extent of overall calcium and silica content in these composite mixtures, and thus reflected the importance of vigilant utilization of used industrial waste in the OPC as a replacement without exceeding silica content beyond certain percentages for enhanced structural properties. Findings Experimental evaluation of bond behavior results showed a brittle nature for the controlled (OPC) concrete mixtures. While binary and quaternary concrete was able to resist the load-carrying capacity under large deformations and prevented the split cracking and disintegration of the concretes. Among different variations in the chemistry, for both M20 and M40 grades, the maximum bond strengths were observed for 10% Metakaolin + 10% Silica Fume + 30% Fly Ash + 50% OPC composition and this could be attributed to the fineness of the additives, better packing and enhanced calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Originality/value Quaternary concrete may be a future option in place of OPC concrete. Very limited data is available related to the bond strength of quaternary concrete. Experimental analysis on quaternary concrete shows that its use in construction can reduce both construction cost and a burden on natural raw materials used to make OPC.

scholarly journals Performance of Date Palm Ash as a Cementitious Material by Evaluating Strength, Durability, and Characterization

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Walid Al-Kutti
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

Cement manufacturing is indeed a major contributor to global warming that involves energy-intensive production processes along with emitting huge greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. To adopt sustainable construction practices, agro-industrial waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been used by numerous researchers to partially replace conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs by evaluating its optimum replacement dosage. This study aims to: (1) highlight the background of the date palm tree and the application of date palm waste as a construction material; (2) optimizing the dosage of date palm ash (DPA) as a cementitious material, at the replacement level of 10%, 20%, and 30%; and (3) understand the reaction kinetics by way of characterization techniques. DPA-based binary mixes were compared with each other and with the control (100% OPC mix) through fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties. The mechanism of reaction at early- and long-term period of curing was studied by characterization tests on paste, including nitrogen adsorption test (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The outcome revealed 10% DPA as a strong and durable substitute to OPC, by formation of more Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) and Calcium Aluminosilicate Hydrate (C-A-S-H) gel, whereas up to 30% DPA replacement can further maximize clinker replacement with reasonable performance, together with enhanced sustainability and reduced construction cost.

scholarly journals Fresh/Mechanical/Durability Properties and Structural Performance of Enginnered Cementitious Composite (ECC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulin Bipinchandra Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Stud Shear Connector

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is an ultra ductile concrete with strain-hardening and multiple-cracking behaviour in tension and flexure. Fresh, mechanical and durability properties of different ECC mixtures are evaluated by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (class F, CI fly ash and slag) and different aggregate type. Experimental studies demonstrated viability of producing greener, sustainable and cost-effective ECC using locally available aggregates (crushed sand) instead of microsilica sand and fly ash (Class CI or F) of up to 70% cement replacement having similar or better fresh, mechanical and durability properties. Structural validation by small scale tests on bridge decks with ECC link slab and by push out tests to evaluate stud shear connector-ECC interaction compared with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) proved feasibility and advantages of these ECC mixes. Based on research, recommendations are made for ECC mix design and their application in link slab construction in bridge structures.

Effect of ground granulated blast funrnace slag and fly ash on strength, permeability, and under-water abrasion of fine-grained concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-788
Author(s):  
Quyet Truong Van ◽  
Sang Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Economic Ground

The utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widespread in the concrete industry because of the performance benefits and economic. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) have been used as the SCMs in concrete for reducing the weight of cement and improving durability properties. In this study, GGBFS at different cement replacement ratios of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by weight were used in fine-grained concrete. The ternary binders containing GGBFS and FA at cement replacement ratio of 60% by weight have also evaluated. Flexural and compressive strength test, rapid chloride permeability test and under-water abrasion test were performed. Experimental results show that the increase in concrete strength with GGBFS contents from 20% to 40% but at a higher period of maturity (56 days and more). The chloride permeability the under-water abrasion reduced with the increasing cement replacement by GGBFS or a combination of GGBFS and FA

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