scholarly journals Performance of Date Palm Ash as a Cementitious Material by Evaluating Strength, Durability, and Characterization

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Walid Al-Kutti
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

Cement manufacturing is indeed a major contributor to global warming that involves energy-intensive production processes along with emitting huge greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. To adopt sustainable construction practices, agro-industrial waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been used by numerous researchers to partially replace conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs by evaluating its optimum replacement dosage. This study aims to: (1) highlight the background of the date palm tree and the application of date palm waste as a construction material; (2) optimizing the dosage of date palm ash (DPA) as a cementitious material, at the replacement level of 10%, 20%, and 30%; and (3) understand the reaction kinetics by way of characterization techniques. DPA-based binary mixes were compared with each other and with the control (100% OPC mix) through fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties. The mechanism of reaction at early- and long-term period of curing was studied by characterization tests on paste, including nitrogen adsorption test (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The outcome revealed 10% DPA as a strong and durable substitute to OPC, by formation of more Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) and Calcium Aluminosilicate Hydrate (C-A-S-H) gel, whereas up to 30% DPA replacement can further maximize clinker replacement with reasonable performance, together with enhanced sustainability and reduced construction cost.

scholarly journals Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamir Sakir ◽  
Sudharshan N. Raman ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
A. B. M. Amrul Kaish ◽  
Azrul A. Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
By Products

Rapid growth in industrial development has raised the concern of proper disposal of the by-products generated in industries. Many of them may cause serious pollution to the air, land, and water if dumped in open landfills. Agricultural and municipal wastes also cause environmental issues if not managed properly. Besides, minimizing the carbon footprint has become a priority in every industry to slow down global warming and climate change effects. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) obtained from agricultural, industrial, municipal, and natural sources can decrease a significant amount of fossil fuel burning by reducing cement production and contribute to proper waste management. Also, SCMs can enhance desirable material properties like flowability, strength, and durability. Such materials may play a big role to meet the need of modern time for resilient construction. The effective application of SCMs in cement-based materials requires a clear understanding of their physical and chemical characteristics. Researchers studied how the flowability, strength, and durability properties of structural mortar change with the replacement of cement with different SCMs. Various experiments were conducted to examine the behavior of structural mortar in extreme conditions (e.g., high temperature). Many scholars have attempted to improve its performance with various treatment techniques. This article is an attempt to bring all the major findings of the recent relevant studies together, identify research gaps in the current state of knowledge on the utilization of SCMs in structural mortar, and give several recommendations for further study. The available results from recent studies have been reviewed, analyzed, and summarized in this article. A collection of the updated experimental findings will encourage and ease the use of various by-products and wastes as SCMs in structural mortar for sustainable construction.

scholarly journals Sustainability Aspects of New Admixtures and Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Durable Concrete

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Katarina Malaga ◽  
Nadia Al-Ayish ◽  
Urs Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Large City ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Global Population

s the global population is growing and changing the globalization direction towards large city areas the needs for the development of infrastructure and housing will increase. In order to have a safe and sustainable construction the infrastructure needs to be not only sustainable but also durable. In some cases, the concrete is subjected to severe environments, e.g., elevated or high temperatures, de-icing salts, seawater exposure or acidic environment, which means increased demand to extend the service life beyond what is prescribed in the design codes. The sustainability of concrete infrastructures is highly dependent on the durability. A longer service life with low repair work reduces the greenhouse gas emissions. Various admixtures and cement supplementary materials may increase the durability of the concrete. However, it is also important to consider the embodied impact and safety issues concerning innovative nanomaterials as well as application of slag and fly-ash in concrete and their future availability on the market. Here we present an overview on the latest developments on the durability and sustainability of climate-optimized concrete.

EFFECT OF ACCELERATED CURING ON ABRASION OF HIGH VOLUME SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder H. Alghazali ◽  
John J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽  
Self Consolidating Concrete ◽  
Accelerated Curing ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Sustainability of precast/prestressed concrete plant can be promoted by using supplementary cementitious material and that significantly reduces the embodied energy of precast/ prestressed concrete products. Usually, up to 25% of the cement can be replaced with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). Increasing the level of replacement to exceed 25% is considered to be High-Volume SCM. Appropriate testing should be conducted to ensure desired performance of the concrete. This context reports the results of an experimental investigation of effect of accelerated curing on abrasion resistance of High Volume Supplementary Cementitious Material – Self Consolidating Concrete (HVSCM-SCC). Different mixes proportion with supplementary cementitious materials such as Fly Ash, Micro Silica, and lime (Up to 75% of cement replacement) were tested. Rheological properties of the HVSCM-SCC were measured. Mechanical properties at different ages 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days were monitored. To investigate the abrasion resistance, 12 x 12 x 3.5 in specimens at age of 28, 56, and 90 days were conducted. The results of abrasion resistance of HVSCM-SCC were compared to the same mixes cured in the moist room. The result showed that the accelerated curing has a significant influence on abrasion resistance of concrete at early ages.

Rice Husk Ash as a Cement Replacement in High Strength Sustainable Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Ash Ahmed ◽  
Fraser Hyndman ◽  
John Kamau ◽  
Heni Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sustainable Concrete

Cement is the most utilized construction material. The energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute up to 10% of total global CO2 emissions, with potentially adverse environmental implications. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of clinker, and in its place utilising supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or pozzolans that require less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. Currently, most sustainable concrete uses either GGBS (slag) or PFA (fly ash) to reduce the quantity of cement used in construction and highways applications. GGBS and PFA come from industries (steel and coal waste respectively) which are in decline that should not be relied upon in the long term. This report shows that cement in concrete can also be replaced with rice husk ash (RHA) which actually enhances the mechanical properties. RHA comes from the food production industry and is vital for the growing global population. It is thus a socially responsible objective to use a pozzolan in civil engineering applications that is sourced from an environmentally friendly and sustainable industry. This study investigated the potential of RHA to be used as a SCM by evaluating mechanical properties. Experiments were carried out by supplementing cement in concrete mixes with RHA at up to 10% replacement by mass. Results were compared with a control specimen (100% cement), with a water/binder (w/b) ratio of 0.4 and C32/40 design mix using CEM I. The results show excellent early age strengths with all RHA mixes surpassing 40 MPa strength within 7 days which is contrary to general trends in SCM concrete where strength development is slow in the initial stages in comparsion to 100% cement concrete. All RHA specimens exhibited impressive flexural and tensile strengths.

scholarly journals Use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Producing Normal Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 07007
Author(s):  
Kazi islam ◽  
Zahid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Type I ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
By Products

With the continuous increase of scarcity of the natural construction material sources and environmental awareness, utilization of wastes/by-products in the construction industry has become an attractive field of study. Several industrial by-products produced from different manufacturing processes have been considered for various usages in the construction field. This paper briefly describes the potential use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM). Here, three different grades of RHA (600-RHA, 150-RHA, and 44-RHA) in two different percentages (10 % and 20 %) of replacement of Type I Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) were investigated. Laboratory tests on the fresh concrete mix as well as the mechanical properties of the hardened concrete were performed. It was observed that coarser RHA-modified concrete (600-RHA and 150-RHA) showed reduced strength properties while finer RHA (44-RHA) exhibited improved concrete properties. Moreover, the incorporation of RHA in concrete was found to be effective in mitigating alkaline expansion.

Design and properties of a new sustainable construction material based on date palm fibers and lime

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Belakroum ◽  
A. Gherfi ◽  
M. Kadja ◽  
C. Maalouf ◽  
M. Lachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Activation of Bentonite on the Mechanical and Durability Performance of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safi Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Babar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Ayaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Split Tensile Strength

Despite presenting a very high global warming toll, Portland cement concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. The eco-efficiency, economy, and the overall mechanical and durability performances of concrete can be improved by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as partial substitutions to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Naturally found bentonite possesses pozzolanic properties and has very low carbon footprint compared to OPC. By applying activation techniques, the reactivity of bentonite can be improved, and its incorporation levels can be maximized. In this study, the influence of mechanical and thermo-mechanical activation of bentonite is investigated on properties of concrete. Bentonite was used for 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% mass replacements of OPC. Mechanical (compressive strength and split tensile strength) and durability (water absorption, sorptivity coefficient, and acid attack resistance) properties were studied. Results of experimental testing revealed that, concrete containing bentonite showed good mechanical performance, while durability was significantly improved relative to control mix. Application of thermo-mechanical activation can enhance the incorporation levels of bentonite in concrete. At 15% and 25%, bentonite produced optimum results for mechanical and thermo-mechanical activation, respectively. Bentonite inclusion is more beneficial to the durability than the mechanical strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Cementitious Material Nanocement Using Bottom-Up Nanotechnology Concept: An Alternative Approach to Avoid CO2Emission during Production of Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Wan Jo ◽  
Sumit Chakraborty ◽  
Kwang Won Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Promising Alternative

The world’s increasing need is to develop smart and sustainable construction material, which will generate minimal climate changing gas during their production. The bottom-up nanotechnology has established itself as a promising alternative technique for the production of the cementitious material. The present investigation deals with the chemical synthesis of cementitious material using nanosilica, sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate as reacting phases. The characteristic properties of the chemically synthesized nanocement were verified by the chemical composition analysis, setting time measurement, particle size distribution, fineness analysis, and SEM and XRD analyses. Finally, the performance of the nanocement was ensured by the fabrication and characterization of the nanocement based mortar. Comparing the results with the commercially available cement product, it is demonstrated that the chemically synthesized nanocement not only shows better physical and mechanical performance, but also brings several encouraging impacts to the society, including the reduction of CO2emission and the development of sustainable construction material. A plausible reaction scheme has been proposed to explain the synthesis and the overall performances of the nanocement.

scholarly journals Phase-Change Materials in Concrete: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Construction and Building Materials

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Raju Sharma ◽  
Jeong-Gook Jang ◽  
Jong-Wan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction

The use of phase-change materials (PCM) in concrete has revealed promising results in terms of clean energy storage. However, the negative impact of the interaction between PCM and concrete on the mechanical and durability properties limits field applications, leading to a shift of the research to incorporate PCM into concrete using different techniques to overcome these issues. The storage of clean energy via PCM significantly supports the UN SDG 7 target of affordable and clean energy. Therefore, the present study focuses on three aspects: PCM type, the effect of PCM on concrete properties, and connecting the outcome of PCM concrete composite to the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). The compensation of reduction in strength of PCM-contained concrete is possible up to some extent with the use of nanomaterials and supplementary cementitious materials. As PCM-incorporated concrete is categorized a type of building material, the large-scale use of this material will affect the different stages associated with building lifetimes. Therefore, in the present study, the possible amendments of the different associated stages of building lifetimes after the use of PCM-incorporated concrete are discussed and mapped in consideration of the UN SDGs 7, 11, and 12. The current challenges in the widespread use of PCM are lower thermal conductivity, the trade-off between concrete strength and PCM, and absence of the link between the outcome of PCM-concrete composite and UN SDGs. The global prospects of PCM-incorporated concrete as part of the effort to attain the UN SDGs as studied here will motivate architects, designers, practicing engineers, and researchers to accelerate their efforts to promote the consideration of PCM-containing concrete ultimately to attain net zero carbon emissions from building infrastructure for a sustainable future.

scholarly journals Harvest residues ash as a pozzolanic additive for engineering applications: A review and the catalogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Slobodan Šupić ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Cementitious Systems

Biomass ashes originating from wood and harvest residues combustion may be considered as one of the prospective environmentally friendly candidates for supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) production. In the region of Vojvodina province, biomass waste is becoming increasingly important as ''green'' fuel, thus allowing the reduction of the environmental impact of waste disposal, lowering the expensive fossil fuels application and its subsequent greenhouse gasses emission. In the light of the above, the present paper surveys the experimental studies of harvest residues ash (HRA) as a pozzolanic additive for engineering applications. Thus far conducted research on the HRA possible application in cementitious systems, worldwide and in the studied region, has been summarized and the benefits of such approaches outlined. Finally, locally available types of wheat straw, soya straw, sunflower husk, silo waste, oil rapeseed - based ashes were collected, characterized both physically and chemically, evaluated and presented through catalogue. The reactivity results, depending on the amorphous silica content and the achieved level of fineness, are very promising in terms of the potential reuse of these ashes in cementing systems.

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