Effect of Locally Available Wheat Straw Ash in Developing High Strength Concrete

This study is supervised to assess the characteristics of the locally available wheat straw ash (WSA) to consume as a substitute to the cement and support in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. Initially, after incineration at optimum temperature of 800°C for 0.5, the ash of wheat straw was made up to the desirable level of fineness by passing through it to the several grinding cycles. Subsequently, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing conducted on ash of wheat straw for the evaluation its pozzolanic potential. Finally, the specimens of concrete were made by consuming 10% and 20% percentages of wheat straw ash as a replacement in concrete to conclude its impact on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The cylinders of steel of dimensions 10cm diameter x 20cm depth were acquired to evaluate the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The relative outcomes of cylinders made of wheat straw ash substitution presented the slight increase in strength values of the concrete. Ultimately, the C-100 blends and WSA aided cement blends were inspected for the rheology of WSA through FTIR spectroscopy along with Thermogravimetric technique. The conclusions authenticate the WSA potential to replace cement in the manufacturing of the high strength concrete.

Facile synthesis of high purity silica xerogel from rice straw

This research aims to synthesize a silica xerogel from rice straw that is a residue biomass generating from agriculture. Purity and morphological structure of synthesized silica xerogel are also studied. The first step of the synthesis is the preparation of sodium silicate from rice straw ash that is then used as silica source. To prepare a silica source, pretreated rice straw was burnt at 700 °C for 2 h to obtain a rice straw ash. After that resulted rice straw ash is washed and reacted with 1.0 M HCl and 2.0 M NaOH aqueous solution at 80 °C for 1 h, respectively. The reacted solution is then filtrated two times by a no.41 filter paper and ion exchange resin, respectively. The obtained sodium silicate is mixed with 1.0 M HCl under stirring for 6 h to produce the nano-silica. To increase the purity of nano-silica xerogels, as-synthesized silica was washed with deionized water for 3 times. Washed silica is dried in electric oven at 85 °C overnight and calcined at 500 °C for 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and % whiteness are employed to evaluate the morphology and purity of particles. Experimental results showed that nano-silica with purity up to 99.0 wt% was completely synthesized. Different morphological structure of silica synthesized under pH of 7, 8 and 9 were obtained.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Wheat Straw Ash as Ternary Cementitious Material

Over the last decade, there has been a surge in research into possible cement substitute materials in concrete that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and socially beneficial. The alternatives include industrial and agricultural wastes, and their potential advantages can be achieved through recycling, repurposing, and renewing processes. With the use of these wastes as additional and replacement materials, significant energy savings and a reduction in cement use can be achieved, which helps to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the environment. Therefore, the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and wheat straw ash (WSA) as ternary cementitious material (TCM) in concrete can help reduce the impact on the environment and minimize the use of Portland cement (PC) in the concrete mixture. This research work is performed on the concrete blended with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of RHA and WSA as TCM in the mixture. However, the purpose of this experimental work is to investigate the influence of RHA and WSA as TCM on the fresh (slump), physical (water absorption and density), and hardened properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) and drying shrinkage of concrete. In this regard, a total of 240 concrete samples (cylinders, cubes, and beams) were prepared with 1 : 2 : 4 mix proportions at 0.50 water-cement ratio and cured at 7 and 28 days, respectively. Moreover, the workability of green concrete is getting reduced as the quantity of TCM increases in the mixture. Besides, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength are enhanced by 12.65%, 9.40%, and 9.46% at 10% of TCM (5% RHA and 5% WSA) on 28 days consistently. Furthermore, the density and water absorption of concrete are reduced with the increase in the dosages of TCM on 28 days, respectively. In addition, the drying shrinkage is reduced with the increase in the quantity of TCM in concrete.

Sustainable Masonry Mortars with Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Granulated Slag and Wheat Straw Ash

Due to greenhouse gas emissions, the production of cement clinker is considered unsustainable and many attempts are being made to replace cement with alternative materials sourced from agriculture, industry and other urban practices, such as construction and demolition works. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of cement substitution by locally available waste materials in Serbia, such as fly ash (FA), blast furnace granulated slag (BFGS) and wheat straw ash (WSA), up to the 50% replacement volume rate in cement–lime mortars. As the effective application of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement-based materials requires a comprehensive insight into their properties, a characterization of materials involving all relevant physical, chemical and mechanical tests is conducted. Ten different mortar mixed with ingredients of a volume ratio 1:2:4 (cementitious powder/lime/sand) were designed and their consistency, bulk density, capillary water absorption, flexural strength, compressive strength and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) results were examined to determine the influence of the abovementioned SCMs on mortar properties. Research findings highlight the possibility of replacing cement with slag (50%), fly ash (30%) or wheat straw ash (30%) while maintaining its performance and improving the economic and environmental impacts of masonry mortar production.

Experimental Studies of Marble Concrete Prepared with Micro Silica and Rice Straw Ash

This experimental study is about the investigation of the concrete prepared with marble waste, micro silica and Rice Straw. Investigation is done by determining ad comparing the mechanical Strength properties and cost of Proposed concrete with the Normal conventional concrete. The different test on the marble concrete shows that the incrment in marble powder content increases the mechanical strength of concrete. Marble is costlier than the Coarse aggregate, so it also increases the cost of the concrete. Micro silica fills the voids in the concrete and helps in the increment of the strength. After the replacement of recycled aggregates and addition of the silica fume, Rice Straw ash can replace cement by 15% without any decrement in the strength of the concrete. Total water absorption of the concrete Decreases due to use of marble because it does not absorb any water.

Utilization of Rice Straw Ash as Fine Aggregate in Mortar Mixes

This research paper highlights the Rice Straw Ash (RSA) which is an agriculture wastage from rice cultivation and milling processes can be utilized in construction work. Compressive strength is increased due to replacement of rice straw ash up to 12.5% and also 10% cement replacing, it also increases the initial and final settlement time of mortar. By replacing of 10% RSA, the compressive strength is step by step increased and also by replacing the cement ratio the property of mortar (Water permeability) is depended and so as age of mortar. We can simply describe it that, by increasing age and compressive strength of mortar the permeability is decreased. Permeability of RSA mortar depends on the cement substitution percentage of RSA and age of mortar. When the permeability decreases, the compressive strength of mortar also increases.

The effect of curing on compressive strength of geo-polymer mortar made rice straw ash, fly ash, and laterite soil

This study aims to analyze the effect of curing on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil. This research is experimental in the laboratory. Geopolymer mortar was produced using straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil with a percentage ratio of 16.67: 41.67: 41.67. The alkaline activator used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 12 M. The compressive strength test of 5 × 10 cm cylinders is used to evaluate the geopolymer mortar mixture produced at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days with curing, namely air and water curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar increased along with the increasing age of each curing. The compressive strength values produced in air curing 3, 7 and 28 days were respectively 1.64 N/mm2, 1.72 N/mm2 and 3.22 N/mm2. While water curing, the resulting compressive strength values for each curing are 1.03 N/mm2, 1.63 N/mm2 and 1.68 N/mm2. At the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days, there was an increase in the compressive strength values from water curing to air curing, which were 0.37%, 5.23% and 47.82%, respectively. It can be seen that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil in air curing is greater than that of water curing.